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The reliability of a data center is highly dependent on its air conditioning and cooling system. This research evaluates the existing cooling system of Universitas Krisnadwipayana’s data center using the PPDIOO Network Life-Cycle approach. The study finds that the current cooling system, which relies on AC Split, fails to meet TIA-942 standards, posing significant overheating risks and increasing downtime probability. Observational analysis shows that the cooling distribution is inefficient due to inadequate airflow and the absence of a structured cooling layout. To address these issues, this research proposes an optimized cooling system design that incorporates Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC), hot aisle-cold aisle arrangement, and raised floor implementation. The recommended improvements also include installing temperature and humidity sensors for real-time environmental monitoring and implementing N+1 redundancy for enhanced system reliability. These solutions are expected to improve cooling efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and mitigate downtime risks. Future research should focus on evaluating the practical impact of this design by conducting real-world trials and exploring liquid cooling technology as a potential alternative for further efficiency improvements.

This research is based on the ambiguity of street naming norms in statutory regulations, this causes the legality of street naming in the Mojokerto city government area to be questioned.Based on this description, the author formulates the problem formulation as follows: (1) What is the authority of the Mojokerto City Government in naming roads? (2) What is the legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government?.This research uses a normative juridical research type with a statutory approach, a historical approach and a conceptual approach using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials.The research results from this thesis show that the Mojokerto City Government does not have direct authority to name roads in its area. There is a lack of normative legal regulations in regulating transitional conditions in the naming of landforms, especially roads. The legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government can be questioned due to the absence of statutory norms that order local governments to form legal products related to street naming.

The implementation of the principle of transparency in personal data protection is a crucial aspect in ensuring data subjects right to information relating to the processing of their data. Indonesia has enacted the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law) as a legal framework to protect citizens personal data. However, the implementation of the transparency principle in the PDP Law still faces various challenges, including the lack of notification data breach. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of transparency in the event of personal data breach in Indonesia by taking the practice in Ireland as a benchmark for comparison. Ireland, as part of the European Union that adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), has a higher level of a transparency and more rigorous enforcement mechanisms. In this research, the author uses a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach and collects data through literature study and semi-structured interviews. The results of this research show that although the PDP Law regulates the obligation regarding transparency in the event of a data breach, its implementation has proven to be ineffective due to the lack of awareness of data controllers and the absence of implementing regulations. This contrasts with Ireland, which has a better implementation as it is equipped with several supporting factors, including the existence of an independent authority. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, establish independent supervisory institutions, and increase the awareness and compliance of data controllers to achieve a more optimum protection of personal data.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection for children who commit theft, as examined in Decision Number 33/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN Gns, focusing on how such protection is provided under Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System and the consequences of the absence of legal protection in sentencing children for theft. Using a normative legal research method that emphasizes positive law in the form of legislation and secondary legal materials as the primary sources, this study employs a statutory and case approach. The findings indicate that the decision has not optimally provided legal protection for children, as it does not fully adhere to the principle of the best interests of the child or the principle that deprivation of liberty and criminal sanctions should be a last resort. Moreover, the rights of children as offenders are not fully upheld, including the right not to be separated from their parents against their will. Consequently, if a child is sentenced to imprisonment, their relationship with their parents is severed, potentially leading to significant psychological and social impacts.

The implementation of patient safety standards is a major challenge in healthcare services, particularly in hospitals such as RSAU Soemitro. Data indicates that there were 25 patient safety incidents in the Inpatient Installation in 2023, with falls being the most common case (9), followed by nosocomial infections, medication errors (4), and the absence of patient identification bracelets during surgery (7). This study aims to analyze the influence of clinical skills and supervisory techniques on the implementation of patient safety standards at RSAU Soemitro, with caring behavior as an intervening variable. This quantitative research employs a cross-sectional study design, using a sample of 110 nurses in the inpatient installation. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires, and data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS techniques. The results show that the implementation of patient safety standards is simultaneously influenced by clinical skills, supervisory techniques, and caring behavior. Caring behavior can be significantly influenced by both clinical skills and supervisory techniques. Additionally, the implementation of patient safety standards is influenced by clinical skills and supervisory techniques both directly and indirectly through caring behavior. Furthermore, caring behavior has been proven to be the most significant factor, contributing 53.1%. These findings suggest that hospital management should focus on interpersonal skills training to support better implementation of patient safety standards.

The development of digitalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including employment relations. One of the innovations that has emerged is the use of digital employment contracts as a replacement for paper-based contracts. Digital employment contracts offer flexibility and efficiency in modern employment relations. However, in Indonesia, legal regulations related to digital employment contracts still face major challenges, considering the absence of regulations that specifically accommodate this mechanism. Article 52 of Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower only regulates the requirements for the validity of an employment contract without mentioning the use of electronic documents, while Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) has recognized the validity of electronic documents. This study aims to analyze the regulation of digital employment contracts in Indonesia, compare them with regulations in other countries, and provide policy recommendations to ensure legal protection for workers in the digitalization era. The method used is a normative legal approach with comparative legal analysis of countries such as the European Union and the United States. The results of the study show that although digital employment contracts are legally valid in Indonesia, there are still legal gaps related to the protection of workers' rights, supervision of implementation, and protection of personal data. Therefore, it is necessary to update regulations that are adaptive to technological developments, including the integration of the principles of justice, legal certainty, and protection of workers' rights in digital employment contracts.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of good faith in endorsement agreements between online shops and influencers. This principle requires each party to act honestly, transparently, and fulfill their obligations in accordance with the agreement. However, in practice, endorsement agreements often face obstacles, especially in meeting the agreed promotion schedule. This research uses an empirical legal method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from interviews with online shop owners, literature studies, and document analysis of endorsement agreements. The results showed that the implementation of the principle of good faith was not optimal, especially at the post-contract stage. Influencers postponed uploads several times without clear certainty, causing uncertainty for online shops in their marketing strategies. The absence of a penalty mechanism in the agreement left online shops without legal protection against such delays. This research emphasizes the importance of drafting more detailed agreements and ensuring transparent communication between the parties to ensure that the endorsement agreement runs in accordance with the principle of good faith. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide insights for online shops and influencers in designing endorsement agreements that are clearer and beneficial for both parties.

This study explores the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and their children in mitigating the effects of fatherlessness in Bahagia Subdistrict, Bekasi City, Indonesia. Fatherlessness—defined as the absence of a father figure in a child’s emotional and developmental life—has become an increasingly significant social phenomenon, with Indonesia ranking among the highest in the world for fatherless households. The study aims to understand how single mothers manage emotional communication and perform dual parental roles to sustain their children’s psychological well-being. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation involving three single mothers and four children living in Bahagia Subdistrict. The findings reveal that effective interpersonal communication—grounded in openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality—strengthens emotional bonds, builds trust, and fosters resilience in children growing up without fathers. Moreover, such communication becomes a key coping mechanism that enables mothers to reduce the negative psychological and social consequences of fatherlessness, such as low self-esteem, social withdrawal, and academic decline. The study contributes to the field of family communication by illustrating the adaptive strategies of single mothers in Indonesia as they balance affection, discipline, and economic responsibilities. The results highlight how communication can function not only as an emotional bridge but also as a practical tool for building stability and maintaining harmony in single-parent households.

This Community Service Program (PkM) was motivated by the suboptimal organizational governance and tourism service management at Bahtera Beach. The main issues included limited managerial capacity among local tourism managers, the absence of clear service standards, and weak coordination among local tourism stakeholders. This program aimed to strengthen institutional capacity, improve the quality of visitor services, and promote more participatory and sustainable destination governance. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of problem identification, joint planning, training on tourism service management, development of basic service standards, and field mentoring. The beneficiaries were local tourism management groups and community members directly involved in tourism services at Bahtera Beach. The results indicate improved understanding among managers regarding structured organizational governance and service management. Clearer task distribution, the implementation of basic service standards for visitors, and increased awareness of cleanliness and visitor comfort were observed as tangible improvements. In addition, the emergence of local leaders who actively coordinate service activities and support program sustainability became an important outcome. Overall, this program contributed to strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing the quality of the tourism experience at Bahtera Beach.

I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport – Bali is one of the airports with the busiest flight traffic in Indonesia, for both domestic and international routes. The high intensity of operational activities on the airside demands optimal management of all supporting elements, one of which is Ground Support Equipment (GSE). GSE plays a vital role in supporting aircraft movements and handling baggage, cargo, and passengers. Therefore, the provision of well-organized Equipment Parking Area (EPA) facilities in the Make Up and Break Down areas is crucial to ensure smooth and safe operations on the apron. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EPA provision and management in supporting GSE work efficiency, while identifying challenges and providing solutions to various emerging problems. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, field documentation, and analysis of the actual layout compared to the provisions of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Regulation No. PR 21 of 2023 concerning Technical and Operational Standards for Civil Aviation Safety Regulations. This research also complements EPA management practices at other airports in Indonesia, to provide a constructive comparative perspective. The study results indicate that the current management of the EPA at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is not optimal. The main problems identified include irregular parking of GSE vehicles, the absence of zoning based on vehicle type, minimal markings, and a weak monitoring system due to limited personnel. As a result, congestion often occurs on GSE operational routes, which can disrupt the smooth operation of ground handling services. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include redesigning the EPA layout based on vehicle classification, installing signs and vehicle flow maps in strategic areas, and implementing an integrated technology-based monitoring system such as CCTV and digital access control.

The practice of unregistered marriage (nikah siri) and polygamy without court permission remains a persistent legal problem in Indonesia, causing serious consequences for the legal protection of women and children. This study aims to analyze the criminal law formulation policy against nikah siri and unauthorized polygamy practices based on Law Number 1 of 2023 on the new Criminal Code (KUHP), compare it with the formulation under the old Criminal Code, and evaluate its alignment with the objective of legal protection for women and children. This research employs a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials qualitatively. The results reveal three main findings: first, the formulation policy under the old Criminal Code contains structural weaknesses, including the absence of explicit criminal sanctions in the Marriage Law, the complaint-based nature of the offense that limits prosecution, inconsistent interpretation of Article 279 among law enforcement officers, and the misapplication of criminal provisions against perpetrators of secret polygamy; second, Law Number 1 of 2023 brings significant reforms through a more comprehensive reformulation of marriage offenses, more precise elements of criminal acts, a more flexible sanction system, and the integration of restorative justice principles; third, the formulation policy still requires strengthening in terms of protecting the rights of women and children, as criminal approaches alone are insufficient without synergy with administrative policies and community empowerment. This study concludes that the criminal law formulation policy in the new Criminal Code must be understood as an instrument for achieving substantive justice oriented toward the protection of life, lineage, and property as required by the principles of maqashid syari'ah.

This research aims to analyze the evidentiary strength of descente in disputes over the division of joint property based on a study of decision number 4757/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Tgrs, as well as examining the judge's considerations in granting a lawsuit based on a study of decision number 4757/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Tgrs. This research uses a normative approach with a case study method. The results of the research show that the strength of descente is independent (vrij bewijsleer), but not binding (dwingend bewijsleer). This means that the results of the descente do not absolutely determine the judge's decision, the judge's decision is still based on a free assessment of all evidence relevant to the case. The judge's considerations in this case stipulate that joint property must be divided fairly, namely that each party is entitled to half of the joint property, as regulated in Article 37 of Law Number 1 of 1974 and Article 97 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. The judge's considerations also show that the principles of justice and legal certainty are a priority, with reference to legal provisions governing the fair distribution of joint property. The decision taken accommodates the interests of both parties, and confirms that the absence of one party in the trial does not prevent decision-making based on the available evidence.

This study aims to explore the practice of over-claiming in the skincare sector in Indonesia and its impact on consumers. With more and more products offering instant results in the absence of strong scientific evidence, consumers are often trapped in unrealistic expectations, which can jeopardise their health. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach to analyse exaggerated claims as well as consumer reactions to certain skincare products. The findings of this study show that this practice harms consumers both materially and in terms of trust in the beauty industry as a whole. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of stricter law enforcement against offending businesses, including influencers who promote products with misleading information. In accordance with the Consumer Protection Law, consumers are entitled to clear and precise information, which is even more important in an era of aggressive marketing. Therefore, existing regulations, such as those issued by BPOM, need to be more strictly enforced to maintain the safety and effectiveness of the products being sold. The study also recommends raising awareness and educating consumers about the risks that may arise from overuse of skincare products. With these measures, it is hoped that the skincare industry can establish a more transparent and fair market, as well as improve product quality and protection for consumers. This research also contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the skincare market and the importance of consumer protection in legal and health aspects.

Economic neglect of children is a condition where a child does not receive sufficient basic needs fulfillment from parents or caregivers, either intentionally or due to inability. This research aims to examine and analyze the mechanisms and barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children in Sukabumi District. This study employs normative legal research with data sources consisting of interviews, observations, and literature studies. The method used to process and analyze the data is qualitative analysis, conducted at the Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Empowerment (P2TP2A) in Sukabumi District. According to the research findings, the forms of legal protection provided include supervision, prevention, care, and rehabilitation. The barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children include funding issues, lack of understanding of procedures among personnel, reluctance of society to report cases, absence of clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), overlapping roles and responsibilities, and lack of empathy.

Kebondalem Kidul Village, located in Klaten Regency, Central Java, holds promising tourism potential. However, this potential has not been well mapped, resulting in the absence of a comprehensive development planning scheme. To help the village grow and direct the development of necessary infrastructure and facilities, the Kebondalem Kidul Village Government collaborated with a KKN team from Sebelas Maret University (UNS) to create a masterplan aimed at providing guidance on how to manage the village's tourism potential. The research method used in this study is descriptive-exploratory, which helps to describe a phenomenon and present data and facts chronologically based on field findings. The data collected was then processed using the triangulation method. This technique analyzes data from various sources, including observation data, interviews, and secondary data. The use of this analysis technique helps to combine all data to produce accurate and comprehensive conclusions. The results of the study show that Kebondalem Kidul Village has various cultural potentials that are used as references in designing the cultural tourism village masterplan. The identification of potential in Kebondalem Kidul Village led to the creation of a tourism map as a form of community service.

Effective financial management is a major challenge for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Cikarang, especially in the culinary sector such as Ayam Geprek Bungsu. The main problems faced by business owners are economic limitations and uncertain fluctuations in raw material prices, which have an impact on the stability of cash flow and business profits. This condition results in suboptimal financial management, because often business owners are unable to separate personal and business finances, as well as difficulties in long-term budget planning. This activity aims to analyze the financial management of Ayam Geprek Bungsu and identify strategic steps that can be taken to improve financial efficiency. The research method used is a case study through interviews and analysis of simple financial statements. The results of the analysis show that the lack of regular financial records and the absence of a structured financial management system are the main causes of financial inefficiency. In addition, dependence on a single supplier for raw materials led to vulnerability to price increases. As a solution, this report recommends the implementation of a simple yet regular financial recording system, financial management training for business owners, and diversification of raw material suppliers to minimize the impact of price fluctuations. With these measures, Ayam Geprek Bungsu is expected to improve financial stability, optimize cash flow management, and ultimately strengthen business sustainability amid dynamic economic challenges. The growth and role of MSMEs can still be improved not only because of their resilience in the face of various economic shocks, but also their ability to provide employment, and overcome poverty.

It is about the importance of leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture at the MA Nurul Huda al. This leadership aims to develop the existing of religious culture in the madrasah environment.The objectives of this study are 1) Describing the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture 2) Describing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the headmaster's leadership in developing a religious culture 3) Describing the results of the development of religious culture through the leadership of the head of madrasah.This study is a field research, which is conducted directly with the object of research and the data collection is carried out in the field. With this descriptive qualitative research, the researcher tries to reveal the implementation of the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing a religious culture in MA Nurul Huda al-Banat Situbondo. The result of this study is the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture in madrasah is to carry out the leadership role of the headmaster, namely as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and motivator. The supporting factors are the existence of facilities and infrastructure that support religious activities and the existence of teachers who have deep religious knowledge. The inhibiting factor is that the environment still considers madrasah to be less prestigious than public schools in general, a lack of understanding of the development of religious culture, the lack of role models given by teachers, the influence of technological culture, and the absence of training given by the head of madrasah to teachers in the implementation of religious culture.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of problem-focused coping and self- efficacy on stress that occurs in the early adult phase. The participants of this study are 101 individuals who are in the early adult phase, namely 21-40 years old who live on the island of Java. This research design is cross sectional and non-experimental research. The measuring instruments used are DASS-21 to measure stress, GSES to measure Self-efficacy, and adaptation of The Way of Coping to measure Problem-Focused Coping. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The results obtained in this study are the absence of the overall influence of the two variables, namely Problem-Focused Coping and Self- efficacy.

Background Sexual health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or disability in all matters relating to sexuality. While reproductive rights are the right to achieve optimal sexual and reproductive health standards. Including the right to make decisions regarding reproduction without discrimination and violence. Complete information and also the instillation of religious values and norms can be provisions to prevent sexual crimes against children and adolescents (reproductive health, 2020). The purpose of this community service program (PKM) is to improve human resources in terms of being a means of developing knowledge of fertile couples for excellent efforts to prevent menstrual cycle disorders in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District in 2024 and the establishment of a reproductive health clinic for fertile women. The methods used include 3 stages: 1. Preparation stage At this stage, an official letter process is carried out for activity permits. 2. Implementation stage The second stage is implementation. In each session, before the education, a pretest questionnaire was given, after all participants filled out the questionnaire, the educational material presentation session began, after the counseling, a posttest was given by giving a questionnaire. Stage 3 is the evaluation of the counseling activities through a knowledge questionnaire. For this knowledge variable, a pretest and posttest assessment were carried out. Results Based on the results of the implementation of community service for WUS in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatra Province, the average knowledge score before being given education (pretest) was 59.02 while after being given education (posttest) it increased to 79.99. Based on the results of statistical tests with a P value: 0.001

In the 2023 New Student Admission (PPDB), there was a surge in the number of students at SMAN 2 Tanjungpinang and a decrease in the number of students at SMAN 3 Tanjungpinang. In this case, the Education Office is responsible for the equitable distribution of students among schools in Tanjungpinang City. This research aims to understand and describe the Implementation of the New Student Admission Policy in Tanjungpinang in 2023. Using the Van Meter and Van Horn theory. The results of this study (1) The implementation of the policy can be considered successful because all prospective students were able to attend school and none were neglected as per its objectives, but there were discrepancies due to the lack of regulations and strict supervision related to the post-implementation of the PPDB. (2) Adequate resources. (3) It has been well communicated to the public through various socialization efforts such as coordination meetings, print media publications, social media, and official websites. (4) Characteristics require supervision and the development of competencies related to character education within the organization. (5) Regarding the online zonation pathway for new student admissions (PPDB), there are various issues such as prospective students not re-registering after the PPDB at SMAN 3 Tanjungpinang, insufficient supervision post-PPDB implementation, the absence of regulations governing post-PPDB implementation, the addition of offline registration at SMAN 2 Tanjungpinang leading to overload, and even mergers.