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Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are a manifestation of people's sovereignty and the implementation of democracy in Indonesia, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in resolving disputes over regional election results. The method used is normative juridical legal research, analyzing relevant regulations and literature. The MK holds permanent authority to adjudicate Pilkada disputes, replacing the Supreme Court. The impact of MK's decisions includes the implementation of Re-voting (PSU), which strengthens the legitimacy of Pilkada results and influences local political stability. However, challenges such as the complexity of evidence and reliance on the MK highlight weaknesses in the oversight system.  

Electronic cane: It is an electronic cane designed in the shape of a long white cane, but it provides the blind with ultrasonic frequencies that he can feel under his hand and through an audible alarm when it hits a certain obstacle in its path{1}. It can also detect obstacles in all directions at a distance of five meters. The ends of this cane are made of lead. The International Federation of the Blind, which is one of the organizations affiliated with the United Nations, has declared October 15 of each year as the International Day of the White Cane for the Blind, due to the utmost importance of the white cane for the blind, as it makes him depend on himself after God. This dependence is foldable and is stronger and lasts for a long time. It is important to note here that the white cane with a red stripe placed on the lower part of the cane symbolizes the person's suffering from loss of vision with deafness or hearing impairment.  Regardless of the type and shape of the white cane, it has become a symbol of the blind person’s independence and his ability to move, work and integrate into society like other individuals. It guides him to directions, barriers and obstacles and spares him the need to touch things that may be difficult or dangerous to touch, thus protecting him from many harms, in addition to providing him with a lot of information that he lacks due to his lack of sight and the inability of the other senses to provide him with it.

The issue of land ownership disputes is a complex issue and often triggers prolonged conflicts in Indonesia. Land disputes can be caused by various factors, such as overlapping certificates, illegal land control, and weak law enforcement. In this context, legal politics becomes an important instrument in formulating policies to resolve land disputes fairly and efficiently. This paper aims to analyze the role of legal politics in resolving land ownership disputes, identify obstacles in policy implementation, and offer solutions to increase the effectiveness of dispute resolution. The research uses a normative approach with analysis of statutory regulations, official documents and academic literature. The research results show that existing regulations, such as the Basic Agrarian Law no. 5 of 1960, requires harmonization with other policies to overcome overlapping regulations. In addition, the role of mediation and arbitration institutions is considered crucial in reducing the burden on courts. However, weak legal dissemination to the community is a significant obstacle in policy implementation. This paper recommends strengthening regulations, increasing the capacity of mediation institutions, and legal education to the community as strategic steps to create a more effective land dispute resolution system.

This research focuses on the design and implementation of an automatic parking barrier system using a microcontroller. The objective is to create an efficient and reliable system that automatically controls the parking barrier in response to vehicle detection. The system utilizes an infrared sensor for vehicle detection, which is processed by a microcontroller to control a servo motor for opening and closing the parking barrier. The research method includes simulation using Proteus software followed by physical implementation. Results show that the system operates efficiently with a quick response time of 1-2 seconds for barrier movement. The conclusion is that the system is effective in automating parking barrier control, reducing human error, and improving parking management. Further improvements can be made by enhancing sensor sensitivity and integrating additional technologies.  

Transparency in the management of upstream oil and gas contracts in Indonesia is crucial to ensure the efficient and accountable management of natural resources. The two main contract schemes applied, Cost Recovery and Gross Split, each face challenges related to transparency. In the Cost Recovery scheme, transparency issues are related to the verification of costs submitted by contractors, while in the Gross Split scheme, transparency is needed in determining objective production-sharing parameters. Digital technology emerges as a solution to improve accountability, but its implementation requires strong regulatory support and infrastructure investment. The principle of good faith between the government and contractors is also a key factor in achieving effective transparency. Strengthening the capacity of SKK Migas as the regulatory body and ensuring information openness to the public are essential to building trust and creating sustainable management.

This research explores the impact of digitalization on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA method. The data collection process began with the identification of relevant scientific articles using the keywords "digitalization," "MSMEs," and "digital transformation," through leading academic databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. The initial search identified 278 articles, of which 35 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. A thorough analysis of these 35 articles revealed that digitalization plays a pivotal role in fostering innovation within the MSME sector, offering benefits such as enhanced operational efficiency, expanded market access, and strengthened social, economic, and environmental sustainability. However, the implementation of digitalization in MSMEs is encumbered by several challenges, including limited resources, uneven digital infrastructure, and cyber security threats. The study underscores the significance of the government's role in establishing regulatory frameworks, offering financial incentives, and fortifying infrastructure to facilitate the sustainable digital transformation of MSMEs. This research provides strategic insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics, offering guidance on the successful adoption of digitalization in the MSME sector.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of summative evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban. Summative evaluation is carried out through written and oral tests to assess student achievement in cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, especially in Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observation and document analysis. The research results show that summative evaluation is effective in assessing student achievement while identifying learning needs. Challenges that arise, such as varying abilities to memorize and read the Qur'an, are successfully overcome through individual approaches and varied evaluation strategies. This research highlights the importance of combining formative and summative evaluation to provide ongoing feedback. Recommendations include teacher training, use of technology, and collaboration with parents to increase the effectiveness of evaluation and learning.

The elderly often face challenges such as decreased cognitive function, social isolation, depression and anxiety that can affect their overall quality of life. Providing art therapy to the elderly is closely related to understanding its benefits to their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The purpose of providing art therapy to the elderly is to promote holistic well-being through creative expression, social interaction, and meaningful artistic experiences. The method of implementation is by providing art activities to the elderly who are divided into several groups, carried out for 1 x meeting, each for 1 hour. The target of this activity is the elderly residents of the Mulia Dharma Elderly Rehabilitation Social Institution, Kubu Raya Regency.  The results of the activity are in the form of artwork and documentation of art creation activities. Participants showed enthusiasm in participating in art creation activities with flower arranging activities and coloring pictures. Participants showed a happy attitude towards the work produced. Art therapy in the elderly is an effective approach in improving the quality of life in old age. Through creative expression, social interaction, and artistic experiences, older adults can find greater happiness, meaning, and well-being in living life.

Stunting is a public health issue that can adversely affect children's growth and future prospects. Stunting poses a threat to the achievement of the second global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). One effort to address this problem is by providing knowledge to the community about stunting. This effort can be pursued through activities such as stunting seminars. A seminar was held in Kedungjambe Village on November 20, 2024, with the theme "United Against Stunting: Realizing a Golden Generation." The methods employed included observation, solution formulation and planning, implementation, and evaluation. The outcome of this community engagement activity showed high enthusiasm among seminar participants regarding stunting issues, accompanied by a solid understanding of the material presented.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, including Kirimi dessert, a home store located on Jalan Noja I, Kesiman Petilan Village, Denpasar. This study aims to identify problems and provide solutions for Kirimi dessert MSMEs in facing challenges during the pandemic. The business, which focuses on making mille crepes and various desserts, faces several main obstacles such as limited production space, inability to fulfil orders when demand is high, and lack of promotion and personal branding. The research methodology used a qualitative approach through interviews and discussions with the business owner. The solutions offered include the development of MSME innovation, business expansion, and increased promotion through logo design, packaging, and social media optimisation. The implementation of this solution is expected to help MSMEs increase market reach and sales during the COVID-19 pandemic.  

This study aims to find out about . What are the legal provisions for determining suspects as pretrial objects in criminal law and b What are the legal implications for re-determination of suspects after being canceled by a pretrial decision. The data collection method in this study was carried out by literature study, which is a way of collecting data by searching and studying library materials (literature, research results, scientific magazines, scientific bulletins, scientific journals, etc.). Legal materials are collected through inventory procedures and identification of laws and regulations, as well as classification and systematization of legal materials according to research problems. Therefore, the data collection technique used in this study was a literature study. The results of the study show that pretrial is a new thing in the life of law enforcement in Indonesia, has a goal to be upheld and protected, namely protecting the rights of suspects at the level of investigation and prosecution or preventing the arbitrariness of law enforcement officials against someone who is undergoing a legal process and To guarantee the protection of human rights and for law enforcers to carry out their duties consistently, the Criminal Procedure Code establishes a new institution called pretrial. Seeing the contents of the decision as referred to in Article 82 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, that there are 3 (three) types of implementation of pretrial decisions: committing certain acts, paying an amount of money and providing rehabilitation. The legal basis for pretrial authority in deciding the suspect's determination is found in the Constitutional Court (MK) decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 which states that the determination of the status of a suspect is included in the object of pretrial and also in its ruling that Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding legal force as long as the pretrial is not interpreted including determination of suspects, searches , and confiscation. Meanwhile, the background to the addition of pretrial authority in deciding the determination of the suspect is that the determination of the suspect's status is the end result of the investigation activities carried out which are none other than the object of pretrial. Criminal acts after the status of the determination of the suspect is declared invalid in the pretrial decision are basically still valid. Examination in pretrial cases is only in the administrative area of the investigative process. Often the Pretrial decision which cancels the determination of the suspect by the investigator, is based.

This ponder points to analyze the application of Esteem Included Charge (VAT) bookkeeping within the setting of its impact on the planning of company budgetary articulations. In an ever-evolving trade environment, assess controls are an important aspect that companies have to be pay consideration to within the preparation of their money related explanations. Particularly, Esteem Included Charge (VAT) is one of the charges that includes a noteworthy affect on the company's budgetary position. This ponder employments auxiliary information investigation strategies including open monetary explanation information from different businesses. This consider distinguishes the affect of the application of Esteem Included Assess (VAT) bookkeeping on viewpoints of planning monetary articulations such as net salary, cash stream, and value. The comes about uncovered that the strategy of applying VAT can have a noteworthy impact on the company's money related position. In expansion, this consider too investigates the affect of VAT usage on charge hones and corporate social commitments. The comes about give a more profound understanding of the degree to which corporate tax assessment hones impact the planning of money related explanations and corporate social duty. In an period of globalization and harmonization of bookkeeping benchmarks, a profound understanding of the application of VAT and its impact on budgetary articulations is critical for partners, counting speculators, controllers, and company administration. This investigate gives profitable bits of knowledge into the significance of Esteem Included Charge (VAT) bookkeeping within the setting of planning budgetary articulations and can help companies in optimizing assess administration and understanding its affect on their money related execution.

This study aims to examine the application of integration between science learning and Islamic values in introducing energy sources to students at SD Islam Nusantara Pekalongan. The focus of the research is to see how basic science concepts related to energy, such as renewable and non-renewable energy, are taught with an approach that links Islamic religious values. This research used a qualitative method with a case study design conducted at SD Islam Nusantara Pekalongan. Data collection techniques consisted of direct observation of the learning process in the classroom, interviews with teachers, and analysis of curriculum documents used in the school. The results showed that the integration of science and Islamic values at SD Islam Nusantara Pekalongan succeeded in creating a holistic learning experience for students. In the learning process, students not only understand scientific concepts about energy sources, but are also taught to see the importance of preserving nature in accordance with Islamic teachings. This lesson involves discussions on trust, environmental responsibility and sustainability in energy use. The teacher also links scientific knowledge with relevant Qur'anic verses, such as about the benefits of the sun and water as resources given by God for the good of mankind. The implication of this study shows that this integration can improve students' understanding not only in the knowledge aspect, but also in shaping characters who care about nature. The academic contribution of this research is to provide insight into the importance of an educational approach that combines science and religion, as well as providing examples of implementation that can be adopted by other Islamic schools in Indonesia to enrich students' learning experiences and form a generation that is wise in managing natural resources.

The use of interactive learning media is an innovative solution to improve the quality of learning, especially in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach that focuses on elementary school students. The results of the study show that interactive learning media can improve students' understanding of the material, learning motivation, and active involvement in the learning process. With the integration of technology, such as the use of infocus and educational videos, students can learn in a more dynamic and interesting way. In addition, interactive learning also helps develop students' social skills and critical thinking skills. However, the implementation of this method faces challenges in the form of limited technological infrastructure, so additional support is needed for optimization.

In 2007, the President of the Republic of Indonesia issued a government regulation on the implementation of religious education which recognizes that this type of Islamic education has made a great contribution to national development. The regulation explains that religious education such as Islamic boarding schools can be managed formally. Following the government regulation, the Minister of Religion then issued a Ministerial Regulation in 2014 to officially recognize pesantren as a traditional-based education. The regulation allows for the integration of yellow book-based education that allocates 70% or more of the curriculum to Islamic studies and Arabic, while 30% to general subjects. The formalization process of traditional Islamic education reached its peak with the passage of Law No. 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic boarding schools which was ratified on September 24, 2019. The pesantren system must be modernized and run classrooms under the madrasah system. On the other hand, the 2019 law recognizes many aspects of traditional pesantren traditions, including those that advocate the study of the yellow book. According to the law, the government is currently responsible for supporting the implementation of Islamic boarding school tradition-based education as well as support for public schools and madrasas. One of the Islamic boarding school educational institutions that has implemented the Islamic boarding school law is the Sunan Drajat Islamic Boarding School. Sunan Drajat Heritage Islamic Boarding School, one of the nine guardians, since 1994 has established a Mu'allimin-Mu'allimat institution whose curriculum has integrated the pesantren curriculum with the general education curriculum.

This study critically examines access to justice for minors who are victims of rape in the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a special focus on the human rights perspective. This study is motivated by the high number of cases of sexual violence against children and the complexity of handling them in the Indonesian legal system. The research problem is how to protect human rights for minors who are victims of rape in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative normative legal research by analyzing legal doctrine and related legislation. The research method used is qualitative normative legal research, namely examining various laws and regulations and related literature to understand legal principles and their implementation in the field. The results of the study show that in terms of legal-normative, the protection of children's human rights is regulated in various national and international laws and regulations. However, there are several challenges in its implementation in the field such as limited understanding of law enforcement officers, facilities, and implementing regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen socialization, legal frameworks and implementation facilities, and continuous evaluation in order to realize universal protection of children's human rights. This study identifies systemic challenges faced by victims in seeking justice, including child-unfriendly legal procedures, lack of psychosocial support, and persistent social stigma. The study’s main findings indicate significant gaps between international human rights standards on child protection and practices on the ground. This study argues for a comprehensive reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system to better accommodate the needs and rights of child victims, including the provision of specialized legal assistance, increased sensitivity of law enforcement officers, and the development of recovery-centered justice mechanisms. This study offers concrete recommendations for system improvement, which are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, legal practitioners, and other stakeholders in efforts to improve access to justice for child rape victims in Indonesia.  

The learning process serves as a pathway to achieving basic competencies within curriculum implementation. This study aims to describe the implementation of teaching and its evaluation on the topic of thaharah, specifically in the chapter on wudu. The research approach employed is qualitative, with a case study methodology. The researcher collected data through interviews with teachers and students, documentation, and observation during the learning process. The findings indicate that the teaching implementation was carried out optimally, including opening activities such as greetings and providing motivation, core activities such as explaining and demonstrating lessons, and closing activities such as reflection and question-and-answer sessions. The assessment conducted by the teacher aligns with the demands of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which requires evaluation from cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects as part of an authentic assessment approach.  

This study aims to analyze the implementation of child-friendly schools at the elementary school level, as a form of instilling effective communication between students and teachers. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing several scientific sources, journals, and articles. The implementation of child-friendly schools is a program that is aligned by the government in order to help with problems in the world of education so that a pleasant learning and teaching situation is created in the classroom. The results of the study show that implementing child-friendly schools can improve effective communication between teachers and students. This study shows the importance of implementing child-friendly schools as an effort to improve effective communication between teachers and students as a support for an exciting and enjoyable learning process.

Muslim tourists may take advantage of a variety of Muslim-friendly tourism options, including halal tourism. A growing number of nations are considering expanding their halal tourist offerings, thanks to the industry's meteoric rise since 2018. Among 130 countries, Indonesia topped the 2019 Global Muslim Travel Index as the top halal tourist destination. This success has encouraged Indonesia to increase its efforts in developing halal tourism, taking use of the country's vast potential in this area. Indonesia's advantage in halal tourism must be complemented by particular legislation implementations governing halal tourism to enable structured and orderly implementation. With appropriate regulations, it is hoped that the optimization of halal tourism may become more structured in terms of standards in the promising halal tourism sector, acting as a benchmark for other nations to adopt halal tourism practices. This study aimed to provide additional information on the importance of adopting legislative standards for enforcing halal tourism legislation in Indonesia. This study used normative methodology. In addition to the need for special regulations concerning halal tourism management, careful preparation in terms of adequate scientific and technological updates is required to ensure that halal tourism in Indonesia is well received in the global market. Moreover, there must be a regular control in updating halal tourism regulations in Indonesia between authorized institutions

The level of depth of Aqidah in the people of Bonto Masunggu Village, Bone Regency is stated to be in the good category, proven by the people who believe in the existence of Allah and they do not worship except Allah, they have carried out Allah's commands and avoided all prohibitions, so that in the process of cultivating the depth of Aqidah in the community declared good. Its understanding in the form of prayer can be seen in the following explanation 1) Many people understand the statement regarding the understanding of worship in the form of prayer because they understand its implementation well so they always carry out prayers in congregation in the mosque. 2) Most people who understand worship in the form of prayer understand it because there is guidance and guidance regarding the proper implementation of prayer. 3) The community's statement regarding the understanding of worship in the form of prayer no longer lacks understanding and does not understand at all because there are no people in Uru Hamlet who do not perform prayer services. In general, they understand the teachings of the Islamic religion well and thank God, thanks to the progress of the people there, they have or always practice the teachings of Islam and these people practice the teachings of the Islamic religion in society by carrying out all the commands of Allah SWT. This research aims to determine the understanding of the Aqidah and practice of worship of the people of Bonto Masunggu Village, Bone Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. By using observation guide instruments, interview guidelines and documentation notes. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing.