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Sayyidah Khadijah bint Khuwailid was a very influential figure in Islamic history, recognized as the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the first woman to accept Islam. She was an intelligent person, had a far-sighted vision, came from a family with good financial conditions, and was known for her integrity and high morality. The purpose of this research is to explore the leadership principles and entrepreneurial qualities exhibited by Sayyidah Khadijah bint Khuwailid, an influential woman in Islamic history, who was characterized by her intelligence, her support for the mission of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and her implementation of ethical business practices. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature analysis, which investigates various sources from classical to modern texts. The findings show that Sayyidah Khadijah developed a visionary and strategic leadership style, seen in her ability to manage her business and choose the right partners. She also implemented solid Islamic business principles, known as "ath-thahirah", thanks to her integrity and honesty. In addition, her values of generosity and social concern are very striking, seen from the use of her wealth to help society and support the struggle of Islam.  

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze market sentiment towards Gold Financing Products (PKE) in Islamic banking before and after the Trump Effect phenomenon using the text mining method. This technique involves extracting information from unstructured text data to then be visualized and analyzed using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach and a RoBERTa-based classification model. Data was collected through web scraping from the X application with the help of API and processed using Google Colab. From a total of 4,074 tweets analyzed, it was found that the majority of public sentiment was neutral (59%), followed by negative (24%) and positive (17%). This reflects the public's tendency to discuss informatively rather than emotionally, although there was a spike in negative sentiment in certain periods indicating sensitivity to global dynamics, especially the impact of the Trump Effect on gold prices. The resulting wordcloud reveals key topics such as gold prices, buying and selling activities, and institutions such as Pegadaian Syariah and BSI. Terms such as "sharia", "riba", and "principles" emphasize the importance of Islamic financial values ​​in public perception. The results of this study indicate that text mining-based sentiment analysis is effective in capturing the dynamics of public opinion in real-time and can be a strategic tool for Islamic financial institutions in responding to market changes.

This research examines the crucial role of the Holy Spirit in the spiritual growth and ministry of contemporary Christians, considering that many have not actively experienced His involvement, resulting in low spiritual quality. Its objective is to re-examine the Holy Spirit's influence for a clearer understanding. Employing a qualitative library research method with textual analysis of the Bible and theological literature (hermeneutics), this study finds that the Holy Spirit is a divine person actively guiding, transforming character, and serving as Creator, Reconciler, and Redeemer. The Pentecost event demonstrates initial empowerment. Spiritual gifts are an expression of His role, which, though debated, function to equip ministry, strengthen community, and facilitate evangelism. The Holy Spirit is also a source of character transformation and empowerment for mission. Baptism in the Holy Spirit becomes a moment of life change and sanctification. The implication is that a clear understanding and open attitude towards the Holy Spirit are essential for unity, church growth, and glorifying Christ.

This study aims to analyze i‘rab in Arabic syntax from two main perspectives: classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches, as well as to evaluate the application of i‘rab in the construction of Arabic sentences. I‘rab refers to the inflection of a word’s ending, which indicates its syntactic function in a sentence, playing a crucial role in determining the meaning and structure of the sentence in Arabic. In the context of classical nahwu theory, as found in works such as Al-Kitab by Sibawaih and Al-Mufassal by Al-Zamakhsyari, i‘rab functions as a grammatical marker that helps to understand the relationships between the elements of a sentence, such as the subject, object, and complement. In contrast, modern linguistic approaches view i‘rab as one component in a more complex sentence structure, focusing on overall syntactic and semantic analysis. The research methodology employed is qualitative-descriptive with a content analysis approach, where data is collected from library studies covering primary literature in the fields of classical nahwu and modern linguistics. This study analyzes and compares the application of classical nahwu theory with modern linguistic approaches to i‘rab and its impact on understanding sentence structure in Arabic. The results show that although classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches differ in their application of i‘rab, they complement each other in providing a more comprehensive understanding of Arabic sentence syntax. A proper understanding of i‘rab is essential not only in teaching Arabic but also in translating and interpreting Arabic texts, both in academic and practical contexts. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Arabic language teaching and serve as a reference for Arabic scholars interested in syntactic studies and its applications in Arabic sentence analysis.

This research discusses the semiotic signs used in the @barenbliss_id Instagram posters. This research aims to identify the verbal and visual signs used in Barenbliss Indonesia Instagram posters and explain how these signs shape consumer perception to increase brand engagement. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected from two Instagram posters published by @barenbliss_id in November 2024. These posters were documented and analyzed by identifying their verbal and visual elements. Afterward, the interrelation of the signs to increase engagement was explained. Afterward, the interrelation of the signs to increased engagement was explained. The analysis applied Barthes’s semiotics theory and supported by Chandler’s signs framework. The findings of this research show that visual signs are more dominant than verbal signs, with a total of 13 visual signs and 7 verbal signs. The signs used are texts containing information about the product, bright and soft colors, images of the product, and models that help visually show the product’s use. The verbal and visual signs used on the posters are interrelated and complement each other. These results show that well-coordinated use of verbal and visual elements can effectively shape positive consumer perceptions and increase brand engagement.

. This article explores four foundational pillars of Arabic semantics: Isytiqaq (derivation), Taraduf (synonymy), Isytirok (polysemy), and Tadladh (antonymy). These concepts are crucial for understanding the dynamic and layered nature of meaning in classical Arabic texts, including the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical Arabic literature. Isytiqaq provides insight into the origin and development of words through their root structures, while Taraduf illustrates the richness of Arabic vocabulary through synonymous expressions. Isytirok addresses the phenomenon of a single word carrying multiple meanings based on context, and Tadladh reveals semantic oppositions that enhance rhetorical expression and textual clarity. This study emphasizes the importance of these four semantic pillars in linguistic analysis and interpretation, highlighting their role in the beauty and precision of the Arabic language.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

Digital learning applications like HeyJapan are increasingly popular. User reviews on platforms such as Google Play Store contain valuable information on user perceptions and experiences. To process this information systematically, this study employs a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach to analyze sentiment toward the HeyJapan application. Data was collected using web scraping techniques with Python and the google play scraper library, resulting in 1,000 latest user reviews. The analysis included data collection, preprocessing, sentiment labeling using TextBlob, visualization, modeling with Logistic Regression, and evaluation. After preprocessing, 923 valid reviews were classified into three sentiment categories based on polarity which are positive, neutral, and negative. Results showed 71.4% of reviews positive, 26.1% neutral, and 2.5% negative. Visualizations in pie charts and word clouds provided an overview of user perceptions. Modeling with TF-IDF and Logistic Regression achieved 88% accuracy with the highest f1-score in the positive sentiment category. Evaluation indicates the model is fairly reliable in classifying sentiments, especially for positive and neutral categories, though negative sentiment classification needs improvement. This study shows the NLP approach can evaluate user perceptions of educational applications based on reviews and serve as a basis for improving foreign language learning app quality.

Murals are positioned as texts that communicate social messages through a combination of visual and symbolic, and act as a medium for environmental advocacy in public spaces. This study discusses the mural design with the theme "The Impact of Vehicle Pollution on Public Health" as a form of visual language analyzed through M.A.K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistic approach, especially in the aspect of the situational context consisting of field, tenor, and mode. This analysis shows that the mural field reflects environmental issues and their impact on public health. The participants in this study include artists as message makers and the wider community as audiences; while the mode relies on strong visual images, symbolic colors, and text elements to strengthen the message. The results of the study reveal that this mural design not only functions as an artistic expression, but also as a means to build effective social awareness through visual strategies. This study emphasizes that understanding the situational context of mural design is very important for interpreting the message conveyed more deeply and critically to society.

This study examines the poem Sajak Sebatang Lisong by W.S. Rendra through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the underlying social criticism embedded within the text. The poem reflects the persistent social inequalities that continue to affect Indonesian society in the post-independence era, particularly in the realms of education and the marginalization of impoverished children. Through symbols such as the cigarette (lisong), wealthy elites (cukong), and the imagery of an endless road, the poem highlights the lingering presence of colonial structures within contemporary social and educational systems. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study utilizes textual analysis and socio-cultural context as primary analytical tools. The findings reveal that political independence has not been fully accompanied by social justice. Structural oppression and limited opportunities continue to hinder the younger generation in their pursuit of a better future. As such, the poem serves as a powerful literary critique of neocolonial practices and ongoing social alienation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how literature can reflect colonial legacies and the socio-political dynamics of post-independence Indonesia, while also enriching the discourse in postcolonial literary studies.  

In this article, we discuss the nature of human beings as learning creatures and creatures who are always dependent on Allah SWT as contained in QS. Al-'Alaq verses 1-5. What is a special fact in this article is the urgency of understanding Islamic education in answering modern challenges through strengthening the values of monotheism and spirituality. The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the meaning of education and human existence in the perspective of tarbawi interpretation of the early verses of surah al-'alaq. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. The data collection technique uses literature review by studying verses of the Qur'an. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner with an interpretative approach to the text and the thoughts of experts. The results of the study show that qs. al-'alaq 1-5 affirms that man was created as a learning creature who obtains knowledge from Allah and in the process of learning always needs His guidance. This article emphasizes that the theory of Islamic education must be based on the theory of education should be based on the principle of monotheism which combines intellectual intelligence and spiritual awareness.

This study explores the philosophy of wasiat wajibah (obligatory bequest) within the Islamic inheritance law system in Indonesia, by examining its philosophical, normative, and practical foundations in the context of national law. Wasiat wajibah is a legal institution that grants a mandatory inheritance share to heirs who are otherwise excluded from inheritance rights, such as grandchildren whose parent (the child of the deceased) has passed away before the testator. The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophical foundations of wasiat wajibah, its relevance to the Islamic principle of justice, and its integration into Indonesia's positive legal system. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a normative-philosophical method. Data were collected through literature review of both primary and secondary sources, including classical Islamic jurisprudence texts, Indonesian legal regulations (such as the Compilation of Islamic Law), and philosophical writings on Islamic legal thought. The data were analyzed interpretively and reflectively through textual and conceptual analysis. The findings indicate that wasiat wajibah is grounded in strong philosophical principles of justice, compassion, and protection of vulnerable groups. In the Indonesian context, this concept has been incorporated into the Compilation of Islamic Law, particularly in Article 209, as a form of legal adaptation to the complex and plural realities of modern society. However, its implementation still faces challenges due to differing scholarly opinions among Islamic schools of thought and limited awareness among legal practitioners. In conclusion, wasiat wajibah serves as a bridge between Islamic moral values and a responsive positive legal system. A philosophical approach to wasiat wajibah reinforces the urgency of reconstructing the Islamic inheritance system in Indonesia to be more just, adaptive, and contextually relevant.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure in Rony Parulian's song lyrics on the album "Rahasia Pertama", focusing on seven types of phrases, namely nominal phrases, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, prepositions, and conjunctions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with text analysis techniques to identify and classify phrases based on their syntactic forms and functions. The results of the study show that all types of phrases are found in song lyrics and have functions as subjects, predicates, objects, complements, and adverbs. The use of phrases not only builds grammatical sentence structures, but also strengthens the emotional, aesthetic, and expressive meanings in the lyrics. These findings confirm that the power of language in songs lies in the syntactic structure that is able to convey messages deeply and poetically.

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech), particularly digital wallet applications like OVO, has significantly transformed transaction patterns in society. However, issues such as server instability and unsatisfactory user experiences frequently emerge on social media platforms. This study aims to analyze user sentiments toward OVO on platform X (formerly Twitter) by comparing the performance of two machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Data were collected through web scraping from 1,000 Indonesian-language tweets containing the keyword "OVO." The research methodology included text preprocessing (data cleaning, tokenization, stopword removal), feature extraction using TF-IDF, and sentiment classification (positive, negative, neutral). Evaluation results demonstrated that SVM achieved the highest accuracy of 85.2%, while Naïve Bayes reached 78.5%. SVM also outperformed in precision (87%) and recall (83%) due to its ability to handle non-linear data. These findings provide actionable recommendations for OVO developers to enhance server stability and features based on user feedback. Additionally, this study serves as a reference for future sentiment analysis research employing algorithmic comparisons.

This study aims to analyze the discourse framing of Kompas.com news texts related to the hashtag “Kabur Aja Dulu”, which was published in the period 17 February - 17 March 2025. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with Teun A. Van Dijk analysis model. The research data was obtained through digital documentation of Kompas.com articles using the hashtag “Kabur Aja Dulu”, then analyzed through three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis was conducted systematically using Van Dijk's structural framework which includes three levels of analysis: macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure. The analysis shows that Kompas.com tends to use language and interview techniques that reflect the government's perspective, with complex discourse framing patterns that reflect power dynamics in news production. Through the analysis of Van Dijk's model, it can be seen that the media uses various linguistic and structural strategies to build a narrative that is in line with the government's perspective, including the use of formal language, structured interview techniques, and the construction of a strong narrative about the urgency of handling the phenomenon. Overall, this study reveals how the mass media play an important role in the social construction of reality through the way they frame and convey information to the public.

Nowadays, logos have become a form of choice for conveying communication. The logo has become a center of information for the community, but based on the author's interviews with several people related to the community, they have not optimally understood the meaning of the visual Sampoerna Retail Community logo, therefore the author is interested in researching it. The objectives of the research are 1. Know and describe the visuals of the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. 2. Analyze and describe the visual meaning contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. With Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis approach. Through analytical steps, we explore the meaning behind the Sampoerna Retail Community logo: icon, index, symbol and meaning. The results of this research provide an illustration that Sampoerna Retail Community is trying to display its logo by prioritizing the spirit of providing the best service to the community by using icons, indexes, symbols and meanings that are appropriate to display to the public and consumers. The results of the researchers found that there are six visual parts contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. There are six meanings, namely: 1. A place and location for shopping. 2. A woven logogram with the nature of mutual cooperation. 3. The color red symbolizes enthusiasm. 4. The color white symbolizes purity and comfort. 5. SRC text fosters a modern feel. 6. Close means being everywhere, thrifty means affordable prices, friendly means friendly and welcoming. This is what the public needs to know.

This study aims to analyze and compare the advertorial writing styles of two major Indonesian online media outlets: Detik.com and Kompas.com. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study examines the text structure, use of journalistic language, and application of the 5W+1H elements in each media’s advertorials. The analysis reveals that Detik.com tends to employ longer, information-dense, and technical sentences, while Kompas.com uses a more formal, informative, and concise writing style. These differences reflect the editorial strategies and target audience segmentation of each media outlet. This research contributes to the field of mass communication by providing insights into the dynamics of advertorial content as a hybrid form between journalism and marketing.

This study examines in depth the history and development of Kaing Lunggi—the local term for songket cloth—in the Sambas region, West Kalimantan. This study has two main focuses. First, tracing the history of the cloth and textile trade in Southeast Asia that became the background for the entry of external influences into the Sambas region. Second, understanding how Kaing Lunggi emerged, developed, and transformed within the social, economic, and cultural contexts of the local community. Using a historical approach and textile cultural analysis, this study positions Kaing Lunggi as a cultural product born from the dynamics of regional trade since the Sambas Sultanate era. Historical records show that trade networks during that period connected Sambas with major trading centers such as Malacca, Singapore, and the coastal areas of Borneo. Through this route, there was an exchange of raw materials, weaving techniques, and decorative motifs that were then adapted by local artisans. The process of aculturation is visible in Kaing Lunggi motifs that combine local elements with external influences, such as typical Indonesian flora and fauna combined with geometric patterns and typical Malay stylization. The songket weaving technique demonstrates high skill and has been passed down through generations, making it an important part of intangible cultural heritage. Besides its economic value as a trade commodity, Kaing Lunggi also holds a symbolic role. It is worn in various traditional ceremonies, religious celebrations, and as a marker of social status in Sambas society. The use of color, gold thread, and the complexity of the motifs serve as indicators of the wearer's identity and prestige. The results of this study confirm that traditional textiles such as Kaing Lunggi function not only as cultural artifacts but also as active agents in shaping the history and identity of the community. They represent cross-cultural encounters and serve as evidence of the resilience of local traditions amidst globalization.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by phase B learners in primary schools in the skill of writing description essays. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation and in-depth interviews with 20 learners. The results of the analysis showed that the difficulties in writing description essays resulted from several factors, including a lack of understanding of text structure, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of motivation to learn. In addition, environmental factors such as support from parents and teachers also affect students' writing ability. This research is expected to provide insights for teachers and related parties in improving description essay writing skills so that students can develop optimally.