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The problem in this research is the lack of variation in learning carried out by teachers in the classroom, due to the inappropriate selection of learning models, so that learning is less than optimal. The aim is to evaluate how effective the Discovery Learning learning model is in increasing student understanding compared to conventional learning methods. The method used is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design, namely Nonequivalent Control Group Design. In this study, there were two groups: an experimental group that was taught using Discovery Learning and a control group that was not given this treatment. The population of this study were all 5th grade students at MIN 1 Soppeng. The research hypothesis analyzed using the T test is the statement that the Discovery Learning learning model influences student learning outcomes. The sample in this study was determined by a saturated population, namely 5th grade students consisting of 45 people. The data collection techniques used in this research were multiple choice tests and observation sheets, with pre-tests and post-tests to measure students' cognitive learning outcomes. The instruments used in this research were tests and non-tests. The average pretest score in the experimental class and control class was almost the same, 71.78 and 71 respectively, but in the posttest, the experimental class increased to 88.65, while the control class only reached 77.55. Thus, the experimental class experienced a more significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the control class, indicating that the intervention or treatment applied in the experimental class was more effective in improving student learning outcomes. Hypothesis testing based on t-test analysis shows significant differences between the two groups, where the calculated t value (11.22771) is greater than the t table (2.016692), so the null hypothesis (H_0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H_1) is accepted. These findings show that the Discovery Learning learning model has a greater positive impact on improving student learning outcomes compared to conventional methods, so it can be concluded that this method is effectively used in science learning at MIN 1 Soppeng.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of elementary school students. RME is a learning approach that connects mathematical concepts with real situations that students can find in everyday life. The research method used is qualitative research by reviewing the results of previous studies that are relevant in the context of mathematics learning in elementary schools. Based on the analysis of various studies, the results of the study indicate that the application of RME can improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This is evident in various materials such as geometry (circumference and area of ​​trapezoids and kites), mixed arithmetic operations, and equivalent fractions. RME also plays a role in increasing students' self-esteem and self-efficacy in learning mathematics, which in turn strengthens their motivation and performance. In addition, the learning media used in RME, such as geoboards, can enrich students' learning experiences and facilitate understanding of mathematical concepts in a more concrete way. This study provides an overview that RME not only improves students' cognitive abilities, but also supports their emotional and social development in the context of mathematics learning.

Public speaking skills training for students at Vocational School Lab School of Uhamka, Cariu, Bogor Regency. Community Service (PKM) is an effort by the community service team to provide knowledge and technology to the community and especially in Community Service with students. Based on this, the team submitted a proposal for PkM activities at the Vocational Lab School of Uhamka, Cariu in Bogor Regency. The aim of Community Service (PKM) is designed to provide insight and practical skills to students at the Vocational School Lab School of Uhamka Cariu, Bogor regarding readiness to speak in public, namely the basics of communication and Public Speaking. This training is expected to motivate and provide students with the benefits of practicing speaking in public and is also beneficial for developing students' knowledge and solving problems related to speaking errors. The benefit of this activity is that training participants can improve their skills and courage in communicate, reduce anxiety and fear in making presentations independently, increase self-confidence and motivate student learning

Bullying in the school environment is a problem that has a serious impact on students' emotional, social and academic development. This research aims to analyze efforts to prevent bullying behavior through a collaborative-based Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) learning approach for students at SMP Negeri 35 Medan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were PPKn teachers and students in grades VII and VIII of SMP Negeri 35 Medan. The research results show that collaborative-based Civics learning is effective in increasing students' awareness about the impact of bullying and strengthening positive social relationships between them. Supporting factors for implementing this method include teacher support, student enthusiasm, and school policies, while inhibiting factors include time constraints and students' lack of initial understanding about collaboration. The results of this research show that the collaborative learning approach in Civics is able to create a safe and inclusive learning environment, while preventing bullying behavior. This research recommends further development of collaborative methods involving learning technology to strengthen the results achieved.

Based on the above background, the formulation of the problem in the study is "How is the Implementation of Extracurricular Learning in Sinaran Songs at SMK Negeri 7 Palembang" This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach to examine how extracurricular learning of "sinaran" songs at SMK Negeri 7 Palembang takes place based on its quality. In line with the chosen approach, the method used in this study is a descriptive method. This method is used to recognize and describe the actual state of the research object in accordance with the findings during the research in the field, regarding extracurricular learning of the song "sinaran" at SMK Negeri 7 Palembang.From the discussion above, it can be said that the teaching method used by the trainer in this extracurricular activity is successful. Students who were initially not skilled in playing musical instruments have made significant progress. Previously, they lacked confidence when performing in public, but now they are showing an increase in confidence. Researchers concluded that coaches not only focus on skill development, but also on strengthening students' mentality to be more confident when performing. The conclusion that the researcher can describe in this discussion is that the method applied by the trainer has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the peer tutor method applied by the trainer can make students more comfortable in interacting because it creates a learning atmosphere that tends to be relaxed, can increase confidence, reduce pressure or be less afraid to make mistakes in acting or asking questions. 

This research aims to determine the impact of Project Based Learning (MBKM) on Problem Solving for Undergraduate Students in Educational Technology at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. The research method used is a qualitative and quantitative approach at four research stages. According to Creswel and Clark, mixed methods research is a research design with philosophical assumptions as well as being an inquiry method. As a methodology, this mixed research involves philosophical assumptions that guide the direction of data collection and analysis, as well as cultivating qualitative and quantitative research approaches throughout many phases of the research process. This research is in the first stage, namely identifying problem solving for Bachelor of Educational Technology students and measuring the effectiveness of MBKM project-based learning at UBMG. The results of the research show that project-based learning (MBKM) can influence Problem Solving for students in the Bachelor of Educational Technology study program at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. This can be seen from the achievement of the problem solving method indicator for the Educational Technology S1 PRODI students, which was initially 75%, increasing to 87% after participating in project-based learning (MBKM) for one semester. The conclusion of this research is that project-based learning (MBKM) has a positive impact on improving problem solving skills in undergraduate students in educational technology so that it can be applied to subsequent learning processes.

Social attitudes are activities in relationships with other people, whether with peers, teachers, parents, or siblings. In relationships with other people, very meaningful events occur in his life that shape his personality, which helps him develop into the human being he is. As an educator, cultivating social attitudes in students is very important so that students have the attitude to build relationships with other people in everyday life. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher took research at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar as the object of research with the aim of finding out how social studies teachers' strategies are in cultivating social attitudes in students. The formulation of the problem in this research is: (1) What is the social studies teacher's strategy in determining changes in student behavior and personality at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? (2) What is the social studies teacher's strategy in cultivating students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? (3) What are the results of the social studies teacher's strategy in fostering students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. The research location is at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar. The data sources in this research use primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this research used three techniques, namely, in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data that has been collected is then analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: (1) Implementing behavioral changes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar starts from class VII students by getting used to: first making a greeting picket schedule after coming to school in the morning, holding the habit of doing dhuha prayers in congregation for all students and teachers, carrying out community service to clean the environment every Friday in mutual cooperation, familiarizing students with literacy, carrying out homeroom clinics to minimize mistakes made by students so that they can be minimized by each homeroom teacher, and teaching students good manners to respect parents, teachers, friends, and other people. Another thing is to get used to reading the Asmaul Husna before starting learning. (2) Developing students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar by holding a program: they must collect social funds every Friday as sincerely as possible to help less fortunate friends. If they have damaged shoes, they can't afford them; the school buys the shoes using these social funds; treats friends. who are sick while at school; visits friends who are sick; works together to clean the classroom once a week so that students have the social spirit to care about dirty classrooms; picking up rubbish on the floor before starting learning can foster social attitudes by having a sense of caring about the surrounding environment. (3) The results of the teacher's strategy in cultivating students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar make students more able to appreciate and respect other people, make students have a religious spirit by getting used to praying dhuha in congregation every morning and reading Asmaul Husna before starting social studies learning, make students more caring with the cleanliness of the surrounding environment because of cleaning activities on Fridays, make students love reading by holding literacy, make students more organized and minimize mistakes with the homeroom clinic, and foster a high social spirit with the existence of social funds every Friday and distributing These funds are properly used to buy necessities for underprivileged students, treat friends who are sick while at school, and visit friends who are sick.

This study aims to reveal (i) the improvement of self-regulated learning skills (SRL) through problem-based learning (PBL), and (ii) the improvement of lecturers’ performance in implementing PBL. To achieve these purposes, a lesson study with two cycles was conducted. Each cycle consisted of plan phase, do phase, and see phase. The study was conducted to the 3rd semester Advance Accounting Students at Musamus University who attended the Introduction to Accounting course. There were 40 students as the research subjects. The sampling technique used to collect data regarding SRL was questionnaires which were flled out by the students; while the data regarding the lecturer’s performance was collected by observation sheets that were flled out by students and members of lesson study group. The study has proved that: (i) the implementation of PBL could improve SRL even though the level of achievement was still not optimal, and (ii) the level of achievement of the lecturer’s performance in implementing PBL was optimal and improving

This study aims to determine the influence of the Problem Based Learning strategy on the social behavior of fifth grade students in learning Akidah Akhlak at MIN 3 South Labuhanbatu. To discuss and examine the problems described above, the author uses quantitative data management, the author determines a sample of 2 classes as experimental and control classes, namely 32 students in class V-A as the experimental class, and 32 students in class V-B as the control class. This was done to find out how the influence of the Problem Based Learning strategy on the social behavior of fifth grade students in learning Akidah Akhlak at MIN 3 South Labuhanbatu. The research hypothesis testing used regression analysis. The results of the regression calculation showed a regression equation of 48.615 0.353X and a correlation coefficient of R value of 0.862 which if interpreted based on the table can be interpreted as the relationship between the two variables, namely the Problem Based Learning learning strategy (X) with the social behavior variable in learning Akidah Akhlak (Y) in the very strong category and the hypothesis can be accepted.

This study aims to determine the effect of group guidance with problem solving techniques in increasing the learning motivation of class XI.1 students at SMAN 4 Tana Toraja. The method used in this research is quantitative approach with experimental design. The sample used was 30 students from class XI.1 who were purposively selected. Group guidance intervention was conducted for 6 meetings with a focus on the application of problem solving techniques in overcoming academic problems faced by students. Data were collected using a learning motivation questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results of data analysis showed a significant increase in students' learning motivation after being given group guidance with problem solving techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that group guidance with problem solving techniques is effective in increasing students' learning motivation.

This study aims to develop and implement Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PJBL) learning models in mathematics learning at SD Negeri No. 18 Bababulo, Majene Regency. The main objective of implementing these two models is to increase student involvement, as well as critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills in solving mathematical problems. The implementation procedure began with an introduction to the theme of the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Students were divided into six groups to discuss problems, develop project plans, and conduct observations. The results showed that students were actively involved, with significant increases in motivation and critical thinking skills. Enthusiasm was seen during discussions and presentations, although there were challenges related to self-confidence during presentations, which were overcome through practice from the teacher. The conclusion of this study states that the implementation of PBL and PJBL is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts and social skills. Suggested follow-ups include consistent implementation of both models and periodic evaluation to improve the quality of learning.

This research seeks to identify the sources and locations of arithmetic learning challenges related to integer counting operations. Class VI, which is the focus of this study, has an average math score that is lower than the KKM. Methods such as tests, observations, and interviews are used to gather data. Students' mastery of the topic of whole number counting operations was assessed using the test technique, which consisted of a 10-question essay. Finding out how the subject is doing during math learning activities and what variables could influence math learning are both accomplished via the use of the observation technique. The purpose of the interview was to get a clear understanding of the challenges that students have while studying the content for integer counting operations. Fifty percent of students had trouble with skills, 23.3% had trouble with ideas, and 20% had trouble with problem solving, according to the data from the final analysis. This includes students in the adequate group. Teachers are encouraged to shape mathematics teaching patterns based on more than just pupils' problem-solving abilities. More significant, however, is figuring out how to encourage pupils to comprehend and fully grasp current ideas so that they do not have any trouble understanding mathematics. 

This research is based on the limited use of learning media among teachers, although the media is important to support 21st century learning that should utilize technology. The lack of special media for multiplication materials in grade III of elementary school causes learning to be less in line with the stage of cognitive development of students. Usually, teachers use lecture methods and multiplication tables, which makes students tend to only listen and memorize. As a solution, researchers developed the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board media, which aims to facilitate the understanding of the concept of multiplication through the repeated multiplication approach so that students can understand the concept of multiplication concretely. This research aims to design, develop, and test the feasibility of the learning media. The method used is Design-Based Research with the Reeves model, which includes problem identification, prototype development based on relevant theories, as well as product testing and improvement through validity tests and repeated trials. The final result of this research is the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board learning media that is ready to be used to support multiplication learning in class III in elementary school.

The aim of this research is to explore the use of manipulative media through a realistic mathematics education (RME) approach in improving students' numeracy skills at MI Nurul Islam. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and includes observation and interviews as data collection techniques. This research was conducted by students at the Mataram State Islamic University. The research was located at MI Nurul Islam, Sekarbela sub-district, Mataram city. To be precise, for class I teachers, researchers also analyzed the data using qualitative analysis. Research findings show that the use of manipulative media through the RME approach can improve students' comprehension and numeracy skills. students become more engaged in learning, and see improvements in their problem-solving numeracy skills. Manipulative media can also help reduce calculation errors and increase students' confidence in learning mathematics. Based on these results, it is concluded that the use of manipulative media through the RME approach is effective in improving the numeracy skills of MI Nurul Islam students and can be an alternative strategy in learning mathematics at the elementary level.

This research aims to measure the learning outcomes of class IV students at SDN Kertobanyon regarding plant body parts and their functions using a problem based learning model. This research involved 13 class IV students at SDN Kertobanyon using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method. Data was collected through the pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II stages. The research results show a significant increase in student learning outcomes. At the pre-cycle stage, the percentage of students whose learning outcomes reached the KKM was 38.5%. In the first cycle stage, the percentage of students whose learning outcomes reached the KKM was 46.1%. In cycle II stage, the percentage of students whose learning outcomes reached the KKM was 76.9%. The PBL model has proven to be effective not only in increasing understanding of science and science concepts, but also in developing students' social skills and learning motivation. Therefore, PBL is recommended as an effective learning model for science and science learning in elementary schools.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of inquiry-based learning design in improving students' conceptual understanding. This research uses the literature study method. The literature study method is conducted by collecting and reviewing various relevant literature, including scientific journals, books, articles, and research reports that discuss the topic of inquiry-based learning and its relation to students' conceptual understanding. The results of this study show that inquiry-based learning strategy is an approach that places students as the center of learning, encouraging them to think critically and discover knowledge independently, while the teacher acts as a facilitator in the process of formulating problems to draw conclusions. This method is effective for developing students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities and adapts to their individual learning styles, although it can be a challenge for students who are used to conventional learning. Meanwhile, students' concept understanding includes the ability to master, apply, and explain a concept through various indicators, such as giving examples, distinguishing, and applying concepts in various situations.

This research is based on the importance of learning realistic mathematics in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of learning by using realistic mathematics learning models in improving the mathematical understanding of students of class VI MIN 2 Mataram City. PMR is a learning approach to mathematics that involves the reality and experience of students. In mathematics learning students are required to be more active in finding and finding solutions to a problem, so that learning that occurs will be centered on students. The research method used is a qualiative method for collecting data through observation, interviews and documents. The results showed that the application of realistic mathematics learning was effective in increasing students' mathematical understanding in the discovery of mathematical concepts through contextual learning and relevant to daily life. Thus, this research provides a significant involvement in understanding the role of PMR in increasing the mathematical understanding of students as well as part of an effective mathematical learning approach.

Learning media is one of the most important things in the learning process, so innovation is needed so that the media can overcome problems that exist in schools. This study focuses on the development of interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire on the sub-element of food safety for students of SMK Kuliner Phase E. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire software based on media expert tests, material expert tests and student responses. This research method uses R&D with the ADDIE development model, the process used through four stages, namely analysis, design, development and implementation. The data collection instruments used are material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis using a Likert scale. The results of this study show the percentage of material expert eligibility of 92%, media expert validation of 90% and student responses of 83% with very feasible criteria. Thus, interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire on the sub-element of food safety for students of SMK Kuliner Phase E that has been developed is feasible for use in learning

Based on preliminary observations made in the field at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano, especially in class XI students, it appears that there is still room for improvement in terms of student mastery of the basic techniques of the backhand serve. This can be seen in badminton games by looking at students' readiness to hit a backhand serve, and how calm they are when serving backhand. After identifying the sources of the problem above, one of the most influential is the use of teaching techniques in the learning process that are less relevant to the sport being taught, in this case badminton. Based on the facts given above, the use of relevant, effective, and efficient teaching techniques is very important to increase student interest in learning and improve the ability to smash backhand serves in badminton games. The research instrument used is a short serve test in badminton games. The findings of this study indicate that there is an influence between the use of command teaching techniques and the improvement of backhand service skills in badminton games of SMKN 2 Tondano students, based on the results of hypothesis testing using t test statistics.

This research aims to determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities in permutation material through the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This research is classroom action research (PTK) with research subjects being students of class XI TPM 2 SMK Negeri 1 Madiun, totaling 34 students. In this research, the instruments used were problem-solving ability tests and observation sheets. In this research there are two cycles, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection which follows the Lewin model procedure. In this study, the minimum learning completeness obtained was >75%. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is adapted to the Hiles and Huberman technique, including data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this research show that there is an increase in problem solving abilities using the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This can be seen from the number of students who have achieved the very good problem solving ability category, namely 15.63% in the pre-cycle, then increasing to 25 % in cycle 1, and then increased in cycle 2, namely 53%, and in cycle 2 learning completion had reached 84.38%.