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This study examines the effectiveness of the purchasing accounting information system at PT. ABC, with an emphasis on the quality and timeliness of information from ordering to payment to vendors. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation involving departments related to purchasing activities. The results show that although the system has been implemented in accordance with company procedures, its effectiveness is still not optimal. This is evidenced by inconsistent documentation, frequent invoice revisions, and delays in the verification and payment processes, which reduce the efficiency and reliability of information. These problems are caused by weak document control, limited interdepartmental coordination, inadequate human resources, and high workloads in the purchasing unit. Therefore, improvements in system implementation and internal control are needed to improve the accuracy, timeliness, and overall effectiveness of the purchasing accounting information system.

The training on computer network cabling serves not only to enhance students’ technical abilities but also to cultivate social values, collaborative behavior, and digital awareness within the school environment. The outreach activity conducted by students of Universitas Victory Sorong at SMA 2 Kabupaten Sorong aimed to strengthen students’ digital competence through the introduction of network devices and hands-on practice in creating LAN cables. The results indicate that this training effectively increased students’ understanding of computer network components, improved their practical skills in LAN cable assembly, and fostered cooperation and responsibility during group activities. From the perspective of Sociology of Education, the program contributed to the development of social capital by encouraging peer interaction, collaborative learning, and a deeper awareness of the role of technology in social life. This activity also addressed existing problems such as limited knowledge of network systems, lack of practical experience, and insufficient technology education in schools. Overall, the training led to improved technical comprehension, active participation, and enhanced social character formation. Therefore, computer network cabling training plays a significant role in promoting both digital literacy and social development among students in accordance with the principles of educational sociology.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using vlogs as a Project Based Learning (PBL) media in the Fantasy Makeup course to enhance students’ soft skills, particularly in communication, public speaking, creativity, and problem solving. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample consisted of 25 students selected through a census sampling technique, in which the entire population was used as the research sample. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires administered in two stages: a pre-test before the implementation of the learning model and a post-test afterward. The data were analyzed using a Paired Sample T-Test to identify the mean differences in students’ soft skill scores before and after the learning treatment. The results showed a significant improvement in communication, public speaking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities after the implementation of the vlog-based PBL model. Therefore, the use of vlogs is proven to be an effective and innovative learning medium to strengthen students’ soft skills in the context of the Fantasy Makeup course.

Amaliyah tadris or teaching practice is an activity in the form of teaching practice carried out by someone in a guided manner to acquire skills in giving lessons and taken within a certain time as one of the requirements for fulfilling the program. Amaliyah tadris is an important program that is taught to students to improve student competence in order to become professional teachers, and as a provision to prepare for the delivery of their knowledge to students or the public, especially in terms of education. Based on the problems above, this study has 3 objectives related to the research focus of the Implementation of the Amaliyah Tadris Program to Improve Student Competence in Teaching Class XI at MAN 5 Jombang. The research objectives are 1) to describe and explain the implementation of the amaliyah tadris program at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. 2) To describe and explain efforts to improve student competence in teaching at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. 3) To describe and explain the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing the amaliyah tadris program to improve student competence in teaching Class XI at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. The type of research used in this research is field research. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation techniques, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of Deputy Head of Student Affairs, Head of the Amaliyah Tadris Program, Madrasah Teachers where the Amaliyah Tadris program was implemented, Students. The data collected for observation and interviews were analyzed using data source triangulation analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study it was found that: Micro teaching at MAN 5 Jombang is packaged in the form of the Amaliyah Tadris program or teaching practice. For this program conceptualized by group division. Each group consists of 8 members and is placed in 18 TPQ Institutions. Placement at the TPQ institution also has conditions with a distance of 5-7 km from MAN 5 Jombang.  

Blood sugar regulation problems such as diabetes are increasing, so sustainable management is needed. Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) are tropical plants that have potential as traditional blood sugar management through the content of phytochemical compounds contained therein. This article aims to review the potential of kersen leaves in blood sugar management and its implications in the wellness tourism approach. The method used is a literature review of scientific literature, especially the last five years related to the phytochemical content and antihyperglycemic activity of kersen leaves, as well as their implications in wellness tourism. The results of the literature review through in vivo and in vivo approaches show that kersen leaves contain potential phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins that are able to regulate blood sugar by preventing the oxidation process of important molecules by free radicals, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting carbohydrate enzymes, increasing insulin production, and suppressing the glycogenolysis process. In the context of wellness tourism, kersen leaves as a herbal plant can be used as a healthy drink and have the potential to be studied further in the development of wellness tourism, especially related to herbal medicine.

This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

The transformation of political communication in the digital era has fundamentally altered the ways political parties and their affiliated wing organizations interact with party cadres and the broader public. In Indonesia, party wing organizations such as Angkatan Muda Pembaharuan Indonesia (AMPI), Angkatan Muda Partai Golkar (AMPG), and other youth wings increasingly rely on social media as the primary medium for political cadre formation. However, this shift has not only created new opportunities for participation but has also generated structural problems, including the dominance of symbolic communication, the personalization of political elites, and the subordination of ideological discourse to the algorithmic logic of digital platforms. This article aims to critically examine how the digital political communication of party wing organizations operates within the context of Indonesia’s representative democracy, the extent to which it constitutes a deliberative public sphere for young cadres, and how such practices affect the quality of political cadre formation. Employing a critical paradigm and a transdisciplinary qualitative approach, the study integrates Habermas’s theory of the public sphere, Aeron Davis’s evaluation of democratic communication, and the concept of the mediatization of politics. The findings indicate that the digital communication of party wings tends to function primarily as an instrument of symbolic consolidation and loyalty mobilization rather than as an arena for dialogical political education. Consequently, digital cadre formation produces representational identities more than critical political consciousness. This article therefore recommends a reorientation of the digital political communication of party wing organizations toward deliberative and emancipatory models in order to strengthen internal party democracy and promote substantive political regeneration.

The untimely formation of government regulations on the delegation of laws is still a serious problem in the practice of forming laws and regulations in Indonesia. It was recorded that from 2021 to 2023 there were 16 government regulations that were formed late, which shows that there are problems in the follow-up mechanism for legislation delegations. The author analyzes whether the government has a legal obligation in the timeliness of the formation of government regulations as implementing rules. In addition, this study also examines the juridical and practical implications of the law if a delegated government regulation is formed late. The data used are quantitative and supported by doctrinal research methods through the analysis of laws and regulations, expert opinions, and related legal literature. The results of the study show that the government has a legal obligation to form government regulations in a timely manner. The delay in the formation of government regulations has an impact on disrupting the effectiveness of the implementation of the law and causes some provisions to not be implemented optimally because the implementing instruments are not yet available according to the specified deadline. In addition, these delays have the potential to cause legal uncertainty for the public, law enforcement officials, and policy implementing agencies. The vacuum of implementing rules can also trigger differences in interpretation, hinder policy implementation, and increase the risk of legal disputes. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of stricter monitoring and evaluation mechanisms against the deadline for the formation of government regulations to ensure legal certainty and regulatory effectiveness.

This study examines the integration of social activities and leadership values in shaping the character of students by the PIJAR Semarang Community as a form of community-based non-formal education. The background of this study stems from the increasing problems with student character, such as low empathy, responsibility, and self-confidence, as well as the increasing cases of violence and bullying in the educational environment. These conditions indicate that formal education has not been fully able to address the challenges of shaping student character. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research was conducted at the PIJAR Semarang Community by involving community managers, volunteers, and students as research subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation of activities, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the character-building process. The results of the study show that the PIJAR Semarang Community integrates social activities and leadership values through academic and non-academic learning programs that are designed to be contextual and participatory. Social activities such as play-based learning, social action, field trips, art performances, and leadership training are the main media for instilling character values. The character values developed include responsibility, cooperation, empathy, discipline, and self-confidence. Leadership values are instilled through habit formation, volunteer role models, providing opportunities for participation, and the active involvement of students in every activity. This study also found several obstacles in the form of differences in student character, limited resources, and low self-confidence among some students in leadership. To overcome these obstacles, the PIJAR Semarang Community implemented intensive mentoring, motivation building, and adjustments to activities to make them more inclusive. Overall, this study confirms that the integration of social activities and leadership values in community-based non-formal education plays an important role in the holistic and sustainable character building of students.

This research highlights the important role of the Naqsabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat in shaping the character of the worshippers at the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School. This order centers on the purification of the soul (tazkiyatun nafs), spiritual discipline, and the strengthening of relationships with Allah and fellow humans. The process of character development is carried out continuously through various routine activities, such as dhikr, wirid reading, recitation, and direct guidance from a mursyid. These activities aim to create a deep religious atmosphere to encourage changes in attitudes and behaviors of worshippers. The results showed that after following the tarekat, the pilgrims experienced a significant increase in spiritual, emotional, and social aspects. They become calmer, more patient, and wiser in dealing with life's problems. In addition, the awareness to live simply and stay away from despicable traits such as arrogance and envy is growing along with the routine of dhikr and self-introspection. In the social context, this tarekat also succeeded in fostering an attitude of care, the spirit of mutual cooperation, and responsibility for the surrounding environment. Thus, the Naqsyabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat not only functions as a means to get closer to Allah, but also becomes an effective instrument in shaping the character of the congregation who has noble character and is ready to make a positive contribution to the wider community.

The aesthetics of Palace style puppet performances embody local wisdom and ancestral traditions that were later standardized into formal rules. Purbo Asmoro incorporates these elements of the Palace style into the shadow puppet performance of the play Irawan Rabi. The central problem addressed is: how is the aesthetic concept of cucut implemented in Purbo Asmoro's presentation of the Palace style shadow puppet play Irawan Rabi? This issue is analyzed using the aesthetic concepts proposed by Sunardi, supplemented by those of M.Ng. Najawirangka. The data collection methods included literature reviews and interviews; to ensure higher data accuracy, the play was also transcribed through the observation of audio visual recordings. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the cucut aesthetic concept is evident in Purbo Asmoro's success in constructing scenes that evoke a humorous impression. This is observable in the ginem of the Dwarawati State audience scene; the ginem of the perang ampyak; the sabet of the perang gagal scene; the ginem of the Yasarata Hermitage scene; the sabet of the perang kembang scene; the ginem of the Kaputren Dwarawati State scene; the ginem of Dwarawati Palace scene; and the ginem of rabine Irawan scene.

English is an international language that plays an important role for students in the era of globalization; however, speaking anxiety or fear of speaking remains a major obstacle in academic practice within higher education institutions. This anxiety emerges as a complex psychological phenomenon involving cognitive, affective, and social aspects, rather than merely an issue of language proficiency. This study examines the problems faced by students, particularly those majoring in non English disciplines, in overcoming speaking anxiety in English academic settings. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students of PASIM National University who exhibited varying levels of speaking anxiety. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns and themes.The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is caused by fear of making pronunciation and grammatical errors, concern about receiving negative evaluations, limited vocabulary, and a lack of experience in communicating in English. These conditions are further exacerbated by limited opportunities for speaking practice, non-interactive learning methods, and insufficient support from teachers and peers. Students developed adaptive strategies such as relaxation techniques, thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and consistent language practice. To create a safe learning environment in which students can speak English effectively, this study proposes learning strategies that are more inclusive, supportive, and grounded in psychological principles.  

The health of pregnant and breastfeeding women is a crucial determinant of the quality of future generations, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. However, nutritional problems, such as deficiencies in iron, protein, and essential vitamins, remain prevalent in many regions, especially in rural areas. These conditions may increase the risk of anemia, impaired fetal growth, and reduced maternal and child health outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve the nutritional status as well as the knowledge and awareness of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in Sukorejo Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The program was implemented through the provision of free balanced nutritious meals tailored to the nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, accompanied by health education activities, including counseling sessions and interactive discussions on healthy dietary patterns, food hygiene, and anemia prevention. Program evaluation was conducted through participatory observation and participant feedback. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of balanced nutrition and positive behavioral changes in daily food selection and consumption. This community service initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving maternal and child health and preventing nutritional problems at the village level.

Islamic education in the global era faces various complex problems and challenges, ranging from conventional teaching methods, varying teacher quality, to curriculum unpreparedness in addressing social and technological dynamics. The globalization of information and culture also significantly influences students’ behavior and identity, requiring digital literacy, critical cultural awareness, and resilience in religious values to remain aligned with Islamic principles. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive qualitative method, analyzing various books and scientific journals related to Islamic education in the global era. The findings indicate that the problems of Islamic education include the gap between traditional methods and 21st-century needs, teachers’ unpreparedness in using technology, and the lack of integration between religious education and contemporary social contexts. Other challenges involve education management, family and community involvement, and policy-making that responds to global changes. To address these issues, recommended solutions include revitalizing an integrative curriculum that combines Islamic values with 21st-century skills, utilizing technology wisely, enhancing teacher competence, strengthening collaboration between schools, families, and communities, and developing media literacy and inclusive pedagogical approaches. Implementing these strategies is expected to produce students who are competent, adaptive, character-driven, and globally competitive without losing their moral and spiritual identity. These findings contribute to the development of Islamic education that is relevant, adaptive, and sustainable in the global era.

This study aims to describe dietary patterns, food consumption habits, hygiene awareness, and environmental and social factors related to digestive disorders in junior high school students. This study used a descriptive approach with a closed-ended interview method (Yes/No answers) with Thirty-five  junior high school students using 15 questions. The results showed that some students did not have consistent breakfast habits, had a high tendency to consume fried foods and sugary drinks, and demonstrated low awareness of food safety and hygiene habits such as washing hands before eating. In addition, the school environment, peer influence, and psychological well-being influence students’ eating patterns. These factors contribute to digestive problems in some students. Therefore, schools must actively participate in maintaining a clean environment, providing students with healthy food options, and providing ongoing nutritional instruction on digestive health.

Honor killing cases often involve a distributed structure of perpetrators between decision-makers, providers of means, and implementers. This collective pattern raises the problem of role attribution in criminal law enforcement, which often shifts toward two problematic tendencies: centralizing responsibility on the executor or expanding criminal responsibility based on family ties. This article aims to formulate a tested role attribution model so that criminal responsibility does not stop at the direct perpetrator and does not develop into association-based punishment. This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach. Data collection methods were collected using literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The research results formulate a role map of instigator, facilitator, and executor, operationalized through group role attribution based on two axes: causal contribution and normative contribution. The instigator is understood as the driver who shapes the will and locks the decision, the facilitator is understood as an assistant who deliberately provides the opportunity, means, or information. Meanwhile, the executor is someone who carries out the material act, although in terms of position, their actions are not automatically identical to the dominance of the decision. This division of roles is complemented by evidentiary indicators covering communication, financing, provision of facilities, field control, and post-incident intimidation, along with negative criteria to prevent inferences based on blood relations or passive presence. This model provides a more measurable standard of attribution for investigation, prosecution, and sentencing in collective honor killing cases.

Bullying is a serious problem in elementary schools that negatively impacts student mental health and achievement. The 2026 UNSIQ Student Community Service Program (KPM) implemented anti-bullying education at Guyangan Elementary School, Purworejo, using a participatory educational approach through literacy, creativity, and counseling. This activity targeted all students and teachers, using observation, documentation, and interviews. Results showed an increase in students' understanding of the meaning, forms, and impacts of bullying, as well as a growing awareness, empathy, and mutual respect. This approach effectively creates a safe and inclusive school environment while strengthening character education. This activity was carried out through various methods, including observation, documentation, and interviews. By involving the active participation of students and teachers, it is hoped that they will better understand the meaning of bullying, recognize its various forms, and realize its negative impact on individuals and the school environment. Through literacy, students are encouraged to dig deeper into bullying, while through creativity, they are given space to create solutions and anti-bullying campaigns in schools. Counseling was conducted to strengthen their understanding of the importance of mutual respect and empathy..

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological problems globally, yet approaches integrating spiritual dimensions remain underexplored. This study analyzes the concept of "peace that surpasses all understanding" in Philippians 4:6-7 as a psychological construct for addressing anxiety. Using hermeneutical exegesis method, this research examines the textual meaning and psychological dimensions of this concept within modern psychological theory frameworks. The findings reveal that divine peace differs from conventional psychological approaches through three key aspects: it represents an active positive psychological condition rather than mere absence of anxiety, operates through relational mechanisms with God that transcend rational cognitive processes, and integrates prayer, supplication, and thanksgiving as holistic spiritual-psychological coping strategies. The concept of "guarding heart and mind" demonstrates a dual protective mechanism maintaining both affective and cognitive stability simultaneously. This study contributes to developing more holistic psychological theory integrating spiritual dimensions and more effective counseling practices for anxiety management in Christian contexts.

This research aims to analyze student learning activities in Mathematics through observational studies at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur. Student learning activities are an essential aspect in determining the success of learning, particularly in Mathematics, which requires active student involvement in the processes of thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation methods and a systematic literature review. Data were obtained through observations of fifth-grade students' learning activities during Mathematics lessons, supported by relevant literature analysis. The results show that student learning activities include visual, verbal, writing, mental, and emotional activities. Some students displayed active involvement through activities such as asking questions, answering questions, discussing, and completing assignments; however, there were still students showing passive involvement. Factors influencing student learning activities include the role of the teacher, teaching methods, the use of media and learning materials, the classroom environment, and student characteristics. This research concludes that the student learning activities in Mathematics classes at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur are categorized as fairly active, but improvements are necessary by implementing student-centered learning strategies to make Mathematics learning more effective and meaningful.

Non-hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus or embolus. The blockage results in focal neurological disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system, namely weakness in the extremities, which gives rise to nursing problems of impaired physical mobility. To overcome the problem of impaired physical mobility, rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) are given. These exercises have been shown to increase muscle strength, prevent joint stiffness, and improve blood circulation. This scientific paper was conducted to determine the description of nursing care for non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with nursing problems of impaired physical mobility. During the meeting, the nurse provided rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) for 10-15 minutes for 3 times in 24 hours. Evaluation of these actions showed that the patient who initially experienced weakness in the upper extremities with muscle strength 2-3 and after being given rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing), the problem of impaired physical mobility was resolved, as evidenced by the patient being able to perform therapy, the extremities feeling slightly lighter, and muscle strength 4. Therefore, it is recommended that non-hemorrhagic stroke patients be given rubber ball grip exercises (ball squeezing) to overcome impaired physical mobility.