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Hemoglobin and hematocrit examinations serve as important early indicators of hematological status, reflecting the blood’s capacity to transport oxygen. A decrease in these two parameters leads to anemia, which is often undetected due to minimal early symptoms and low awareness to undergo examinations. This activity was carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, by examining hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in adult participants. Capillary blood samples were analyzed using a portable device at the examination location. Education was delivered through leaflets regarding the importance of iron, vitamin B12, and folate intake to support erythrocyte formation. The examination was attended by 104 participants, the majority of whom were women. The average hemoglobin was recorded as approaching the lower limit of normal values, while hematocrit levels showed wide variations. More than half of the participants were classified as having anemia. This high proportion of anemia highlights the urgent need for targeted nutritional education. Hemoglobin and hematocrit screening proves effective as an early detection tool for hematological disorders. Education that is linked to laboratory findings should be prioritized to promote improved dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of iron-rich foods, vitamin B12, and folate, in order to prevent erythropoietic dysfunction and long-term health complications.

This study aims to analyze price elasticity and income elasticity of products by integrating perspectives from conventional economics and Islamic microeconomics. In conventional economics, price and income elasticity are used to understand consumer demand sensitivity to changes in price and income. Meanwhile, Islamic microeconomics adds an ethical dimension, such as the prohibition of israf (wastefulness) and the importance of balanced consumption. The findings indicate that elasticity analysis is crucial not only for business strategies and economic policies but also must incorporate Islamic economic principles to promote sustainable and ethical consumption. This study suggests that integrating Islamic microeconomic values in elasticity analysis can enrich the understanding of consumer behavior and foster more inclusive economic policies.

Carbon emission disclosure is increasingly important for companies in establishing legitimacy, enhancing stakeholder trust, and drawing public attention to sustainability issues. This study aims to examine how profitability, leverage, and company size affect carbon emission disclosure. The research is grounded in legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory, which provide the theoretical foundation for understanding corporate carbon disclosure behavior. The population of this study comprises energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The sample was selected using non-probability purposive sampling, resulting in 113 observations. Data were analyzed using SPSS with multiple linear regression techniques. The results indicate that profitability and company size have a positive influence on carbon emission disclosure, while leverage does not have a significant effect. Theoretically, the findings support the notion that profitability and company size drive carbon disclosure, in line with legitimacy and stakeholder theories.

The brainrot phenomenon has emerged in response to the high consumption of low-quality short videos among students, resulting in a decrease in focus and thinking skills. This article analyzes the literature on the impact of short-form content such as TikTok, Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts on student cognitive abilities. The results show that overexposure to short, focused videos triggers addiction, which results in disrupting learning processes that require concentration and reflection. In addition, consumption of fast-paced content leads to a decline in literacy and critical thinking. These findings focus on the importance of digital literacy and educational policies that can keep pace with the changing media consumption patterns of today's students.  

Value Added Tax (VAT) is one of the key sources of state revenue within Indonesia’s taxation system. VAT is imposed on the consumption of goods and services domestically and is categorized as an indirect tax, meaning it is ultimately borne by the end consumer but collected and reported by taxable entrepreneurs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the VAT mechanism, including its collection, reporting, and the challenges encountered in its implementation in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review using a descriptive-qualitative approach that analyzes laws, official documents, and academic literature. The findings indicate that although VAT significantly contributes to the State Budget (APBN), its application still faces several issues such as low taxpayer compliance, administrative complexity, and inequality in tax burden distribution. Therefore, tax policy reform and administrative improvements are needed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of VAT collection in Indonesia.

Amidst the dynamic global economy that is often characterized by inequality, the development of an inclusive and equitable Islamic monetary system is a crucial urgency. An Islamic monetary system based on sharia principles and values can offer a promising alternative. In this context, blockchain can be utilized as a transformative technological innovation that can be aligned with the Islamic monetary system. This research utilizes a comprehensive literature review methodology from scientific journals and related books. This literature study analyzes the use of blockchain in the development of an inclusive and equitable Islamic monetary system, exploring the alignment of principles, potential applications and implementation challenges and implications. The findings of this study show that the core characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, transparency, immutability and cryptographic security are aligned with the objectives and philosophical foundations of Islamic macroeconomics, such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, maysir, fairness of wealth distribution and financial inclusion. Potential applications include developing the efficiency of zakat, waqf and alms, issuing digital sukuk and developing Islamic crowdfunding. Although the opportunities are wide open, the implementation still faces significant challenges, such as sharia compliance issues related to digital volatility, fatwa fragmentation, scalability issues, data security, consumption of shariah-compliant digital assets, and the need for digitalization.

The development of digital technology has revolutionized consumption patterns among consumers, including Muslim consumers. Digitalization has not only brought convenience and efficiency, but also created new challenges in the application of Islamic consumption values. Consumption, which is viewed as part of worship in Islamic economics, requires adherence to the principles of halal, thayyib, justice, prohibition of israf and gharar, and social responsibility. This study aims to conceptually examine how consumers play a role in strengthening the Islamic economy in the digital age, as well as how Sharia consumption principles can be ethically implemented in a dynamic digital environment. The method used is a literature review, examining various academic literature, scientific journals, and documents related to Islamic economics and the digitalization of consumption. The findings indicate that Muslim consumers hold a strategic position in shaping value-based markets, driving the growth of the halal sector, and supporting the sharia-compliant SME ecosystem. On the other hand, low sharia-based digital literacy and the dominance of digital consumerist culture pose challenges that must be anticipated. Strengthening literacy, adaptive regulations, and collective awareness transformation are needed to create a digital consumption pattern that is blessed, fair, and sustainable in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law.

This study aims to provide an overview of the consumption patterns of Generation Z and how they relate to inflation from an Islamic economics perspective. A library research strategy is used in this investigation. Information was gathered from a number of sources, such as books, journals, and other problem-related scientific resources. The results indicate that Gen Z's consumption habits could lead to demand-pull inflation, or an increase in inflation. Prices rise when the supply cannot keep up with the substantial increase in demand for products and services brought on by consumer behavior. When Gen Z consumes technology, fashion, entertainment, and food items all of which are frequently popular and seasonal this issue becomes more noticeable. Consumption is controlled in Islamic economics to avoid becoming wasteful (tabzir) or excessive (israf). Needs (maslahah), not only wants or carnal emotions, must be the basis for consumption. The primary remedy, according to Islamic economics, is to emphasize beneficial consumption, Islamic-based money management, and bolstering social and spiritual values in order to curb consumption and prevent detrimental effects on people or the economy.  

Anemia is a common nutritional problem that occurs in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and teenage girls. One of its main causes is iron deficiency, which can be exacerbated by low vitamin C intake. Red guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a local fruit that is rich in vitamin C and has the potential to improve iron absorption, thus supporting an increase in hemoglobin levels. This study aims to review the effectiveness of red guava in increasing hemoglobin as an effort to prevent anemia. This study uses a literature review design on five experimental research articles published in the last 10 years. The study results show that the consumption of red guava, whether consumed alone or in combination, can significantly increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and adolescent girls with anemia. The vitamin C content in red guava plays a role in enhancing the bioavailability of iron needed for hemoglobin formation. Thus, red guava has the potential to be used as part of a locally based food nutrition intervention that is effective, affordable, and applicable in the effort to prevent anemia.

Hypertension, also known as the silent killer, is a serious threat in the world of global health because it causes various vascular diseases to maternal and child mortality during pregnancy. The existence of herb therapy by consuming black garlic has the potential to control and reduce blood pressure. Through this study, it is intended to examine and review the relevant literature and summarized to obtain information about the effectiveness of black garlic consumption on lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The research method uses a literature review based on Google Scholar as a database within the maximum publication range of the last 5 years. The data used is secondary data from previous research results. The results showed that there was a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients after consuming black garlic due to the presence of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), flavonoids, and hydrogen sulfide compounds. Therefore, it has the opportunity to become one of the options in traditional therapy to prevent and treat hypertension conditions.

This studyaims to examine the economic activities of low-income communities and identify factors that influence these activities in Tamaila Utara Village,Tolangohula Sub-district,Gorontalo Regency. The study employed a qualitative method using a systematic approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interview, and source triangulation.Data analysis involved data reduction followed by drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that most low-income residents in Tamaila Utara rely on agriculture, particularly corn farming, as their primary livelihood. Farming activities are supported by family members due to limited financial capacity to hire labor, and the tools used are still very simple or traditional. For crop distribution,the community depends on local traders who offer prices significantly lower than market rates, due to limited transportation access to larger markets. In terms of consumption,residents can only meet their basic needs, with low nutritional intake due to minimal income. Other challenges to improving the local economy include water scarcity during the dry season, low educational attainment among farmers,lack of government-provided training, and unpredictable weather and environmental conditions. Therefore,government support is urgently needed,such as irrigation development, agricultural training, and the provision of modern tools or technology to enhance community welfare in the future.

This study aims to examine the relationship between healthy food consumption and character development in students. The research is based on the premise that healthy eating plays a vital role not only in physical well-being but also in shaping students' behavior and moral values from an early age. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, employing a theoretical and conceptual analysis design. The findings indicate a strong relationship between healthy eating habits and the development of positive character traits such as discipline, responsibility, and honesty. Based on a regression analysis simulation, healthy food consumption was found to contribute approximately 46% to character formation. These results highlight the importance of integrating healthy eating patterns into character education programs both in schools and at home. The study recommends collaboration among schools, parents, and government bodies to promote healthy eating as a foundation for building strong and positive character in young generations.

Dental and oral health issues in Indonesia remain a critical concern, with a high prevalence, particularly in dental caries and periodontal diseases. Based on data from Riskesdas 2018 and the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, more than 50% of the population suffer from caries, with the highest rates found among children and the elderly. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics of oral health problems, risk factors, health and socioeconomic impacts, and the intervention strategies implemented in Indonesia. The study employs a narrative review method by analyzing national publications from 2015 to 2025 that meet inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that the main determinants include low oral health literacy, high sugar consumption patterns, limited access to dental services, and socioeconomic factors such as education and income. The impacts include decreased quality of life, reduced work productivity, and increased burden on the healthcare system. Effective prevention and control strategies involve school- and community-based health promotion, the use of technology such as teledentistry and mobile applications, improvement in basic service access, as well as regulatory policies on sugar consumption and incentives for healthcare personnel in remote areas. Multisector collaboration and continuous research are essential to significantly reduce the burden of oral diseases in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the price elasticity of demand and supply of local lemon oranges in Indonesia, a key horticultural commodity. The data used are historical records of prices and demand in Sleman Regency (2003–2006), as well as consumption and supply in Medan City (2010–2011). The research adopts a quantitative approach using price elasticity analysis with the midpoint formula. The results show that demand is inelastic (Ed < 1), meaning that price changes do not significantly affect lemon demand. On the other hand, supply is elastic (Es > 1), indicating a strong producer response to price changes. These findings are essential for price-setting strategies, production increase planning, and managerial decision-making in maintaining the stability of local lemon supply and prices in the domestic market.

This study aims to identify the academic stress levels and coping mechanisms used by 2024 cohort students of the Statistics Study Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. A descriptive quantitative method was applied, involving questionnaires and interviews. Data were collected from 50 randomly selected respondents. The instrument was tested for validity and reliability, with all items showing item-total correlations > 0.2787 and a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.619, indicating acceptable reliability. The findings revealed high levels of academic stress, particularly in indicators such as feeling overwhelmed by deadlines (mean 3.82; 66%), exam anxiety (3.7; 66%), and lack of rest (3.6; 60%). The most dominant coping strategy was self-soothing (mean 4.44; 90%), followed by junk food consumption (3.5; 60%) and seeking help (3.42; 46%). In contrast, proactive strategies such as creating a to-do list were less commonly used (3.14; 38%). These results highlight the importance of adaptive coping training and psychological support to promote healthier stress management among students.

Mitra Abadi Mahakam as a contractor operating at PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi's jobsite, especially in the Pit A9 area, faces operational challenges related to variations in haul road grades. Differences in road gradients on the overburden hauling route have the potential to cause significant differences in fuel consumption between dump truck units, which ultimately affects the overall efficiency of hauling activities. The study was conducted quantitatively with primary and secondary data requirements and through 3 stages. The study resulted in an average fuel consumption value in loaded conditions of 1.41 liters and in unloaded conditions of 0.18 liters. The average fuel ratio value in loaded conditions was 0.62 liters/second and in unloaded conditions of 0.32 liters/second. The cost of fuel consumption in loaded conditions was Rp. 4,972,800 ($301.92) and in unloaded conditions of Rp. 2,607,360 ($158.30)

Caffeine contained in coffee has a stimulating effect on the sympathetic nervous system, which can influence blood pressure. The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) is a method used to measure blood pressure response to cold-induced stress. This study aimed to compare the mean blood pressure between coffee-drinking and non-coffee-drinking medical students after undergoing the CPT. This research employed a quantitative experimental design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 89 students from the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Tarumanagara. Subjects were divided into two groups: coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers. Blood pressure measurements were taken before and after the CPT intervention. The results showed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly in both groups after CPT. However, the increase in mean blood pressure, particularly diastolic pressure, was significantly higher in the coffee-drinking group compared to the non-coffee-drinking group (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that coffee consumption prior to CPT contributes to a greater blood pressure response. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in mean blood pressure between coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers following the Cold Pressor Test.

Cardiovascular is a heart or blood vessel disorder that is the leading cause of death in the world. Genistein is one of the phytochemicals contained in soybeans that has estrogenic properties and can help in dealing with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, lipid profile disorder (dislipidemia), hypertrophy and so on. According to the FDA, the limit of soy consumption to get the beneficial effects of genistein is 25 grams. Excessive consumption can cause side effects such as hypothyroidism, testosterone imbalance, allergic hypersensitivity in children, and cancer cell proliferation. This review literature study explores the mechanisms of genistein against several cardiovascular diseases. In the search for English articles, the keywords used to get articles that match the criteria are “genistein”, “cardiovascular”, “hypertrophy”, “Hypertension”, “blood pressure”, and “lipid profile” and have been published for 10 years. The database used in the article search is PubMed and Science Direct. Based on the exclusion and inclusion of the article selection, there are 6 articles worthy of further examination. A sixth study in the journal found that genistein can improve lipid profiles, lower blood pressure, and decrease pulmonary hypertrophy. Genistein has estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that can help reduce cardiovascular disease. There are several factors that influence the effectiveness of genistein, namely diet, physical activity, interaction with other nutrients, duration of consumption, and dosage of genystein intake.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.

The growth of digital platforms has driven significant transformations in marketing communication strategies, particularly in e-commerce advertising practices. Shopee, as one of the largest e-commerce companies in Indonesia, utilizes digital propaganda strategies through visual and audio content to shape consumer perception and behavior. The advertisement with the slogan "Belanja Seru, Hidup Lebih Mudah" (Fun Shopping, Easier Life) not only conveys promotional messages but also constructs social meanings of consumption, convenience, and happiness through symbols and visual narratives. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review techniques to analyze the message structure and communication strategies embedded in Shopee advertisements. The analysis considers visual, symbolic, and repetitive elements that function as covert propaganda mechanisms. The theoretical framework is based on propaganda communication and semiotic theory to understand how advertisements systematically shape consumerist consciousness. Findings reveal that propaganda in Shopee’s advertisements operates through symbolic repetition, celebrity endorsement, and the use of digital features such as limited-time promotions that trigger impulsive behavior. These practices contribute to the formation of digital consumer culture, supported by emotional engagement and algorithmic targeting. Media literacy enhancement is therefore essential to equip the public with critical awareness towards persuasive messages in digital spaces.