Publication Search

This research analyzes the application of J. Oswald Sanders' servant leadership concept to tongkonan (traditional house) leadership in Toraja society. The background of this study is the presence of authoritarian leadership tendencies among to parenge (tongkonan leaders) who prioritize personal power over community service and empowerment. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review, analyzing academic articles, research journals, and theological sources to understand the relevance and applicability of Sanders' principles within the Toraja cultural context. The findings reveal that Sanders' servant leadership, which is grounded in spiritual discipline and community empowerment, represents a viable alternative for reconstructing tongkonan leadership from an authoritarian model to a collegial model. However, implementing this model faces structural challenges due to the transformation of tongkonan's functions and the intrusion of formal government systems. In conclusion, Sanders' principles can be applied to tongkonan leadership through institutional reconstruction that combines traditional Toraja values with transparent and accountable leadership practices, thereby creating leadership that is simultaneously serving and empowering the community.

The “Beginner Brewer” community activity organized by Koffie Rakjat Semarang stands out as an informal learning space for individuals new to coffee brewing techniques, but so far there has been little scientific study regarding its impact on participants’ sensory experiences. This study aims to analyze how beginners understand and evaluate the flavor profile of Aceh Gayo single-origin coffee “Drama” through practical brewing sessions. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data sources consisting of activity documentation, observations of popular articles, and direct quotations from participants’ experiences. The results showed that mentoring with simple techniques such as the V60 (1:15) and French Press (1:12) contributed to participants’ increased understanding of the fruity character and flavor complexity of “Drama,” which has flavor notes of passion fruit, pineapple, strawberry jam, rum, and palm sugar. Participants also reported that the inclusive learning environment made the brewing process easy and enjoyable, and encouraged continued interest in specialty coffee. In conclusion, this community activity is effective as an initial educational tool that shapes flavor perception and increases the confidence of beginner brewers in understanding specialty coffee.

Education in the modern era requires students not only to master cognitive knowledge, but also to have the ability to think critically, analytically, creatively, and problem solving skills independently. Therefore, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and the Learning Strategy for Improving Thinking Ability (SPPKB) is considered relevant and ideal in the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK) to integrate faith values with the reality of daily life. This study uses a literature study method by examining scientific journals, books, and academic articles to analyze the definition, essence, characteristics, and steps of PBL which include the introduction of authentic cases, problem solving, investigation planning, independent learning, solution synthesis, presentation of results, and reflection. PBL has proven to be effective in increasing learning motivation, collaboration, and internalization of Christian moral values, although it has limitations in the relatively long time requirement and the demands of teacher competence as facilitators. Meanwhile, SPPKB emphasizes intellectual stimulus, exploration of ideas, data processing, in-depth analysis, and metacognitive reflection to form a systematic and independent mindset in dealing with religious ethical issues. These two student-centered learning strategies complement each other in forming students who are dynamic, reflective, critical, and responsible as Christian personalities through flexible and contextual learning adaptations in PAK.

The phenomenon of pseudoexpertise on social media, namely the tendency to feel knowledgeable without adequate scientific grounding due to exposure to unrestricted information, has become a serious challenge for Islamic religious education. This study employs a phenomenological method through in-depth interviews with two Master's students of Islamic Education (PAI) at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, who come from different social backgrounds teaching at Islamic boarding schools in rural Bogor and urban South Jakarta to obtain diverse perspectives on how social context influences the emergence of pseudoexpertise. The selection of master's-level informants is based on their academic qualifications and teaching experience, which are considered capable of providing representative insights. Secondary sources include scientific articles and relevant literature. The findings indicate that globalization and pseudoexpertise constitute obstacles that are difficult for religious teachers to control, as students acquire much of their religious knowledge from outside the school without verification. Therefore, contextual Islamic Education (PAI) learning and teachers who serve as knowledge validators through healthy communication are required, enabling students to filter information and develop more mature religious literacy.

Pancasila, as the foundation of the state and the nation's philosophy of life, plays a crucial role in building the character of the younger generation, including students as agents of change. This study aims to analyze how the application of Pancasila values ​​is manifested in student behavior on campus. The method used is library research, examining various journal articles, books, and academic references related to student behavior and the practice of Pancasila values. The research findings reveal that students generally have a good understanding of Pancasila values. Values ​​such as respect, mutual assistance, equality, religiousness, and unity are recognized and accepted as guidelines for behavior on campus. However, the level of implementation is still not optimal and tends to vary between universities. Therefore, universities need to make continuous efforts to instill Pancasila values ​​through academic and non-academic activities that can strengthen students' understanding of Pancasila and strengthen its application in campus life to be more optimal and equitable.

This study aims to analyze the compatibility between land use practices and watershed management regulations in Gorontalo Regency through ecological, normative, and axiological approaches. Rapid land cover changes from the upstream to downstream areas, particularly in the Biyonga, Alo-Pohu, and Limboto watersheds, have caused severe impacts such as increased erosion, sedimentation, and reduced hydrological function. The study employs a qualitative analysis using a literature-based method, reviewing key scientific articles from Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sustainability (MDPI), and Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, as well as regulatory documents such as Government Regulation No. 37 of 2012, Government Regulation No. 27 of 2023, Regional Regulation of Gorontalo Province No. 11 of 2014, and Governor Regulation No. 19 of 2019. The findings reveal that, ecologically, the conversion of agricultural lands into settlements has increased sediment yield and reduced soil infiltration capacity. Normatively, most land use activities remain inconsistent with soil and water conservation regulations. Axiologically, there is a gap between sustainability values embedded in policy and the community’s practical behavior in managing land resources. This study highlights the need for integrating scientific, legal, and ethical perspectives to strengthen sustainable watershed management in Gorontalo. Therefore, the findings are expected to serve as a policy recommendation framework for local governments in developing adaptive and ecologically grounded watershed management strategies.

Dropshipping is essentially a buying and selling process between a seller and a buyer using the internet. Dropshipping is a product sale that allows dropshippers to sell goods to customers using photos from suppliers or stores and then sell them to customers at a price determined by the dropshipper. The questions to be answered through this research are: a) How does the buying and selling process work using a dropship system? b) How does the buying and selling process work using a dropship system from a sharia economic perspective. The method used in this research includes descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith, books and journals, articles, and mass media, both print and electronic, related to the focus of the problem being studied in this research. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Miles and Huberman analysis model, using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the Samsarah contract is a solution to dropship transactions. The original law is permissible or permissible if carried out in accordance with Islamic provisions.

Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

Using a systematic literature review approach to various previously published studies, this research investigates the influence of consumer nationalism on the intention to purchase domestic products. The purpose of this study is to find patterns of results, influencing components, and the impact of consumer nationalism on their behavior when purchasing local products. Data were collected from articles in relevant national and international journals, particularly those discussing ideas about consumer nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, and factors determining purchase intention. The findings of the study indicate that consumer nationalism has a positive and significant effect on consumers' intention to purchase domestic goods. A number of variables, including product quality perceptions, price sensitivity, cosmopolitanism levels, and consumer demographics, especially Generation Z, who tend to be involved in the digital world, influence this effect. In addition, this study found that customer awareness, attitudes, and preferences towards local products are influenced by social media and digital campaigns such as the Bangga Buatan Indonesia (Proudly Made in Indonesia) program. The results of this study provide strategic benefits for businesses when they develop marketing plans based on the value of nationalism. These results can also be used as a reference for public policies aimed at increasing consumption and competitiveness of domestic products through the implementation of such policies.

The phenomenon of burnout has evolved into a significant occupational health problem with a prevalence reaching 82% across various global work sectors, especially post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify and analyze the causal factors of burnout through a systematic literature review approach using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature search was conducted on four main electronic databases yielding 309 articles which were then selected down to 10 high-quality articles meeting inclusion criteria for the 2021-2025 publication period. Synthesis results indicate that burnout is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by complex interactions between organizational and individual factors. Dominant organizational factors include work overload, lack of managerial support, unsafe working conditions, and resource inadequacy with burnout prevalence ranging from 17-94%. Individual factors encompass demographic characteristics, coping strategies, resilience, and internal psychological conflicts that serve as moderator variables. Job satisfaction and work meaningfulness function as mediator variables connecting organizational conditions with burnout outcomes. These findings provide theoretical contributions in understanding burnout etiology and can practically serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based preventive interventions to reduce burnout prevalence in work environments.

This study aims to determine the impact of Financial Technology (Fintech) and digital banking on the overall performance of conventional banking institutions in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach using a comprehensive literature review as its primary method. Data analysis in this study was conducted through an extensive review of various sources, including books, peer-reviewed journal articles, research reports, official websites, newspapers, and magazines, to obtain a holistic understanding of the topic. The results of this study indicate that both Fintech and digital banking significantly affect the performance of conventional banks in Indonesia. Specifically, the effect of Fintech on conventional banking is reflected in a decrease in traditional banking profitability, because Fintech platforms provide alternative channels and competition in credit distribution and financial services. Meanwhile, the effect of digital banking on conventional banking includes improvements in operational efficiency, wider service accessibility for customers, and noticeable changes in customer behavior and expectations. These findings suggest that conventional banks must adapt strategically to remain competitive in the evolving financial ecosystem.

This study aims to examine the relationship between occupational nutrition and employee productivity through a systematic literature review. The background of this research lies in the increasing attention to workplace health and the growing evidence that nutritional status can influence physical performance, cognitive function, and work outcomes. A total of 74 articles were initially identified from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Garuda, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. The findings indicate that adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients—particularly iron, protein, and B vitamins—correlates positively with productivity levels. Interventions such as nutritional education, iron supplementation, and structured meal programs at the workplace showed measurable effects in reducing absenteeism and fatigue while improving concentration and efficiency. The study concludes that occupational nutrition plays a vital role in supporting workforce performance and suggests its integration into workplace health policies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with recommendations for future research

Share trading in limited liability companies that does not comply with the procedures for transferring share ownership under the Company Law may lead to legal disputes, particularly unpaid share transactions. This study examines the annulment of share sales by the court to protect the seller’s interests when the buyer defaults, based on Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The case analyzed is District Court Decision No. 6 K/Pdt.G/2017. Legal protection for sellers includes clauses concerning legal subjects and objects, price, payment methods, share transfer, and dispute resolution in accordance with Articles 1457 and 1513 of the Civil Code. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, the study concludes that default in share sale agreements may nullify ownership rights. Therefore, strict sanctions and legal remedies through the court are essential to safeguard shareholders’ rights.

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the Web of Things (WoT) offers cross-platform interoperability but presents significant security challenges for constrained devices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of security mechanisms in three major WoT protocols: HTTP, CoAP, and MQTT. The research methodology employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, reviewing 22 selected articles published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis utilizes PICOC criteria to compare communication overhead, computational consumption, and security mechanisms such as DTLS, OSCORE, and TLS integration. The results indicate that CoAP, combined with OSCORE and EDHOC mechanisms, provides the optimal balance between energy efficiency and end-to-end security for resource-constrained devices. MQTT demonstrates superiority in throughput and data transmission speed but requires additional security layers to ensure data confidentiality. Meanwhile, HTTP dominates in terms of Web service integration and access control, despite having the highest overhead burden. In conclusion, no single protocol is superior for all scenarios; the choice of protocol in WoT architecture must be based on the trade-offs between latency, resource efficiency, and system security requirements

One of the skills in facing global challenges in the application of 21st century skills is critical thinking skills in solving problems with a scientific attitude (Eka et al., 2020) critical thinking skills enable them to be able to face complex situations and make wise decisions. The application of case-based learning can be a learning solution including in learning with limited meetings in class because it is oriented towards developing critical thinking skills in solving cases. This study uses a descriptive-analytical library research method, where data is collected from various library sources such as books, journals, and scientific articles. This research is a qualitative descriptive type that relies on analysis to determine, interpret, and clarify the data or information collected. This method aims to obtain an overview of the Case Method Learning Design on Halal Haram Material in the Al-Qur'an Hadith Subject of Class XII Madrasah Aliyah at Dayah Modern Ihyaaussunnah Lhokseumawe. This study successfully designed a case-based learning method as an innovative approach in teaching the Qur'an and Hadith on the topic of Halal and Haram in grade XII of Madrasah Aliyah. However, the implementation of this method also faces challenges such as the need for teacher readiness in designing and moderating cases, limited class time, and variations in students' abilities in analyzing cases

This study elaborates on the concept of humanism in Islamic educational philosophy by highlighting in greater depth the role of humans as caliphs on earth. Humanism from an Islamic perspective not only focuses on humans as rational beings but also emphasizes the moral, spiritual, and social responsibilities inherent in the mandate of the caliphate. This study applies a qualitative approach with a literature study, where data is obtained from various written sources such as scientific articles and academic publications that discuss humanism in Islamic education and the concept of the human caliphate. The data collection process is carried out through searching, selecting, and organizing literature relevant to the focus of the study. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive-qualitative techniques through the stages of simplifying information, grouping findings, and formulating systematic conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the position of humans as caliphs requires the development of intellectual, ethical, and spiritual potential in an integrated manner in the educational process. Therefore, Islamic education needs to be directed towards a holistic humanization process, which not only strengthens reasoning and social character but also fosters a transcendental awareness of human relationships with God, fellow humans, and nature. Thus, humanism in Islamic education is not secular, liberal, or anthropocentric, but is firmly rooted in divine values ​​that harmoniously unite the divine and human dimensions.

Globalization influences various aspects of life. One impact of globalization is the ease of access to information technology, which also influences moral and character issues. Islamic education is a strategic effort in shaping religious character in response to the challenges of the globalization era. This study aims to examine the role of Islamic Religious Education as a strategic step in strengthening religious character to face the challenges of globalization. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, analyzing phenomena, concepts, and theories based on literature such as books, journals, and articles relevant to the research topic. The main findings of this study indicate that Islamic Religious Education has the potential to build religious character as a provision to face the impact and influence of global culture. This study identifies obstacles in strengthening religious character through Islamic Religious Education and offers solutions and strategies to strengthen that character. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of responding to moral and character issues in the era of globalization with an adaptive approach through solutions and strategies of Islamic Religious Education.

The economic empowerment of the congregation is also part of the church's duties and callings, the church is not limited to spiritual strengthening but also about the real life of the congregation. For this reason, this study aims to find strategies that can be carried out by the Toraja church, the Banula congregation, in increasing the potential for economic empowerment within the congregation. To achieve this purpose, the author uses a qualitative research method with a literature study and social analysis model. The literature study was obtained from secondary data originating from books, articles/journals and relevant internet sources. Meanwhile, data obtained from the field is primary data based on observation and interviews. The theory used in this study is about empowerment, the theory of strategy and the theory of leadership. The results of the study are that the church has begun the foundation in economic empowerment and will continue to be improved to the next stage. Considering the natural potential and individual potential in the Toraja church, the Banula congregation is quite important to be developed.

This study aims to analyze the role of human resource management (HRM) in improving performance and retention among healthcare professionals in health service facilities. Using a systematic literature review approach based on the PRISMA method, this study reviewed 25 international and national journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that strategic HRM practices—such as competency-based recruitment, continuous professional development, fair compensation, and transformational leadership—positively influence both performance and retention of healthcare workers. Additionally, factors like organizational culture, work-life balance, and psychological well-being play a mediating role in enhancing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results highlight that HRM practices are not merely administrative functions but strategic elements that determine healthcare organizations’ sustainability and competitiveness. The study contributes to the development of theoretical frameworks in strategic HRM and provides practical recommendations for healthcare managers to design more adaptive, fair, and human-centered HR policies.

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) has emerged as a strategic approach to improving graduate quality in higher education, including pastoral colleges. The pastoral education context in Indonesia, particularly in island regions such as Nias, requires the integration of academic, spiritual, and pastoral dimensions in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the strategies for implementing OBE at the Pastoral College Dian Mandala Gunungsitoli and to identify its supporting factors and challenges. A qualitative research design with a literature review approach was applied, drawing on 25 scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025. The analysis involved identifying main themes, categorizing supporting and challenging factors, and synthesizing strategies for implementation. The findings indicate that OBE implementation includes developing curriculum documents aligned with the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (KKNI) and National Standards of Higher Education (SN-Dikti), strengthening faculty capacity through training, integrating innovative learning models, and applying authentic assessment that evaluates both academic and spiritual competencies. Supporting factors consist of institutional leadership commitment, the availability of curriculum information systems, and collaboration with external stakeholders. Major challenges involve limited faculty understanding of OBE, inadequate technological infrastructure, and resistance to changes in academic culture. This study concludes that OBE can enhance graduates’ competencies and strengthen pastoral identity, provided that faculty training, internal quality assurance systems, and the integration of local wisdom into the curriculum are consistently developed.