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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) method in improving the fluent reading skills of second-grade elementary students. The research subjects consisted of five second-grade students who were at reading level 2. The ORF method was implemented through repeated reading, guided oral reading, and timed reading practices to enhance speed, accuracy, and expression. Data was collected through pre- and post-tests, observations, and recorded reading sessions. The results indicated significant improvements in the students' reading fluency, including increased reading speed, better word recognition, and improved comprehension. This study contributes to the understanding of literacy development in early education and highlights the importance of structured oral reading practices in enhancing reading fluency among elementary students.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

Debus is one of the typical traditions and cultures of Banten that combines elements of art, religion and spirituality in one unit. The art of Debus began to be introduced around the 16th century which until now is still an artistic heritage in Banten so it is interesting when viewed in terms of the values contained in the art. This journal aims to examine the values contained in the Debus tradition in Banten and its relevance to Islamic teachings. This research is a qualitative research by combining two data acquisitions in the form of literature and field studies, this study found that the Debus art tradition contains several elements, such as art elements (martial arts movements), religious elements (reading solawat), and spiritual elements (tawakal and self-surrender).

Reading is a basic language skill that plays a crucial role in the learning process at the elementary level. However, many students in grade V of elementary schools still face difficulties in reading comprehension. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of audiovisual media in improving reading skills of fifth grade students. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), by analyzing various national journals and studies published within the last five years. The results of the literature review indicate that audiovisual media significantly enhances students' interest, focus, and comprehension in reading activities. In conclusion, audiovisual media is proven to be a practical and innovative tool to support reading instruction, and its implementation is recommended to improve literacy outcomes in elementary education.

Mental health is a crucial aspect of life. Humans live not only by maintaining their physical health but also by taking care of their mental well-being. Mental health can be influenced by various factors, one of which is religion. In this regard, religion plays a significant role in maintaining a person's mental health. This study was conducted to examine the role of religion in human mental health. The research used a qualitative approach with a literature study method. A literature study is a method that relies on secondary data sources from various existing scientific references, conducted by reading books, journals, or articles with relevant topics to be analyzed and explored further. This study found several important roles of religious psychology in shaping mental health, along with its various functions.

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause the low reading comprehension ability of elementary school students in Indonesian subjects. The method used is library research by analyzing various literature from 2019-2024. The results of the study show that the reading comprehension ability of elementary school students is still relatively low with various causative factors including internal and external factors. Internal factors include students' reading interests, motivation, and cognitive abilities. External factors include learning methods, infrastructure, and environmental support. This study recommends the need to innovate learning methods and improve supporting facilities to improve students' reading comprehension skills.

An Illustrated Storybook of Sir Alex Ferguson’s Coaching Career at Manchester United is designed to narrate the journey of one of the most prominent figures in the world of football from the United Kingdom. This project addresses the lack of engaging and inspiring reading materials for Indonesian adolescents, particularly those that present biographical content in an illustrated format. The book aims to serve as an alternative form of educational and motivational media, with the ultimate goal of fostering reading interest among young readers in Indonesia. The visual elements of the book are rendered in a semi-realistic, full-color illustration style to enhance appeal and accessibility for the target audience—teenagers. The design process utilizes the glass box method, which involves the collection of data and information from external sources. These sources include academic journals, articles, websites, films, YouTube content, autobiographical e-books, and other relevant digital platforms. Data collection is conducted to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the problem-solving approach employed is based on the 5W+1H analytical framework (What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How). The final outcome of this undergraduate thesis project is a primary medium in the form of an illustrated storybook. It is further supported by a variety of promotional media such as an e-book, T-shirt, drawstring bag, X-banner, stickers, keychains, and posters.

This study explores how love metaphors are expressed in three selected songs: Guilty as Sin, The Alchemy, and But Daddy I Love Him, from Taylor Swift's The Tortured Poets Department album. Language plays a crucial role in conveying abstract emotions like love, and metaphor is a powerful tool for articulating complex feelings in song lyrics. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research analyzes the lyrics through Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, categorizing metaphors into structural, ontological, and orientational types. Data were collected by closely reading the lyrics and noting metaphorical expressions, which were then interpreted within their emotional and thematic contexts. The findings reveal that ontological and structural metaphors dominate, portraying love as poetic storytelling and an evolving emotional journey, while no orientational metaphors were identified. This study highlights how Taylor Swift employs metaphorical language to capture the multifaceted nature of love, heartbreak, and personal transformation, demonstrating the significant role of metaphor in shaping emotional meaning in contemporary popular music.    

The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) learning model is an innovative approach that aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in elementary schools. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of implementing the RADEC model in the context of elementary school learning and its impact on the development of students' critical thinking skills. The RADEC approach emphasizes active student involvement through five main stages: reading to build initial understanding, answering questions to test reasoning power, discussing to broaden perspectives, re-explaining concepts to deepen understanding, and creating products or solutions as a concrete manifestation of the critical thinking process. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and involved fifth grade students in a public elementary school. The instruments used were critical thinking tests and student activity observation sheets. The results showed that the implementation of the RADEC model significantly increased students' critical thinking skill scores compared to conventional learning models. In addition, students showed higher enthusiasm and learning independence during the learning process. These findings indicate that the RADEC model is not only able to build a stronger understanding of concepts but also encourages students to actively analyze, evaluate, and create ideas. Therefore, the RADEC model is recommended as an effective alternative learning strategy to improve the quality of learning and critical thinking skills of students at the elementary school level.

The main problem in this study is how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten, Makassar City. This study aims to find out how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Kindergarten Insan Cemerlang Makassar City. The type of research used was an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest research design. The sample used was 14 students of class B2 of Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten. The instrument used to collect the data was a pre-reading developmental check technique. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the IBM SPSS 25 program. Based on the results of the study, it showed a significant influence on children's initial pre-reading ability after being treated in the form of picture word media. The average pre-test score is 5.5 while the average post-test score increases to 13. Based on the results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data, the Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 indicates that the probability is below 0.05 (p<0.05). So Ho was rejected. Thus, the media of pictorial words has been proven to have a significant effect in overcoming the initial pre-reading ability of group B children at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research contributes to the development of effective learning methods to improve early pre-reading skills in early childhood

This article aims to find out and understand about julid from a hadith perspective. Julid is an expression that has the meaning of being jealous of the success or enjoyment of other people. In slang, it is called julid, which is done by someone on social media by making comments, statuses or opinions that corner certain people. Meanwhile, this behavior is strictly prohibited by Islamic teachings. Therefore, the author will discuss julid in a hadith perspective. ThisLibrary research is a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading, recording, and processing research materials.

The phenomenon of living Qur'an in the digital era, emphasizing the use of Al-Qur'an and prayer applications during the month of Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic situation has forced Muslims to switch to digital media as an alternative to carrying out worship due to limited access to physical places of worship. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores how digital applications of the Qur'an and prayers become a new medium in realizing Qur'anic values ​​in everyday life, as well as how users interpret the sacred text through digital platforms. The results of the study show that digital applications not only support personal worship practices but also form online communities that strengthen spiritual bonds amid social restrictions. However, digitalization also raises challenges, such as shifts in religious authority, interpretation of texts, and issues of religious ethics. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the transformation of religious practices in the digital era, as well as the need for a critical attitude in using technology so that Qur'anic values ​​are maintained and authentic. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant changes in various aspects of life, including the way Muslims carry out worship during the month of Ramadan. The implementation of health protocols and social restrictions limit congregational worship activities in mosques, encouraging Muslims to find other ways to maintain their worship routines and spiritual closeness. In this condition, mobile-based Quran and prayer applications are an effective and appropriate solution. These applications provide easy access to digital Qurans, interpretations, translations, readings from famous reciters, daily dhikr, special prayers, and additional features such as prayer reminders and Qibla direction indicators. More than just a means of worship, these applications also function as a medium for religious learning through short lectures, studies, and Islamic articles. However, users need to be aware of interference such as notifications from other applications and dependence on internet connections. It is important to remember that the role of these applications is as a complement, not a substitute for direct interaction with the mushaf or attendance at the assembly of knowledge if conditions permit. If used wisely and consciously, Quran and prayer applications can be a very meaningful spiritual support for Muslims during Ramadan in the midst of a pandemic situation.

The common issue faced by newborn babies is their difficulty in regulating body temperature with their environment. This often leads to hypothermia, which is a significant cause of mortality in newborns. Therefore, biomedical equipment that can regulate temperature in the newborn environment is crucial. In the design and development research of an Infant Warmer Temperature Control System using the PID method, key components include the Atmega328P microcontroller, a Skin Sensor for monitoring baby body temperature, and an SSR driver circuit for heater control. The PID control method utilizes feedback mechanisms to correct errors between measured values and their deviations.To ascertain accuracy, functional testing was conducted using an Incubator Analyzer. The comparison between the skin sensor and the Incubator Analyzer showed minimal differences, with the largest difference being 0.15℃ and the smallest 0.01℃. It can be concluded that the skin sensor readings are accurate within tolerance limits. The maximum error percentage of the device was 0.2%, while the minimum error percentage was 0%. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the PID method Infant Warmer temperature control system designed functions effectively, manages overshoot well, and maintains stability.

This study analyzes the use of conceptual metaphors representing the grieving process in Taylor Swift's album "Folklore" through the lens of Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief. The method employed is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection conducted through the analysis of song lyrics obtained from physical albums and digital music platforms. The research instrument consists of a guideline for identifying and categorizing metaphors related to the theme of grief. The data analysis procedure includes in-depth reading to identify metaphors, which are then categorized according to the stages of grief. The findings indicate that each song in the album reflects various aspects of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, providing a profound understanding of the grieving experience. This research demonstrates that metaphors in the lyrics serve not only as artistic expression but also as a means to comprehend the psychological processes individuals undergo. The study recommends further analysis of other albums with similar themes to enrich the understanding of the emotional impact of song lyrics

The objective of this journal article is to present the findings of a dissemination activity concerning effective methods for studying legal science within faculties of law. This initiative responds to the persistent issue of the low quality of law graduates from institutions of higher education in Indonesia. The dissemination of effective learning methods in legal studies reveals that the improvement of campus facilities, paricularly classroom, libraries, and the overall safety of the academic environment must be prioritized alongside the enchancement of teaching staff quality. Such enhacement may be pursued by increasing lecturer’s income, thereby allowing them to concentate solely on reserch and teaching without the burden of administrative duties. Improved lecturer quality is expected to contribute significantly to academic quality of law graduates. This is due to the fundamental principle that effective legal education requires extensive reading, which is facilitated through library devolepment, as well as the frequent practice of procedural law, which necessitates the availibility of a legal laboratory in the form of a moot coourt facility.

Christian religious education at SMP Negeri 1 Teriak is an effort made to increase interest in reading the Bible for students in class VII, which is very important by increasing their reading of the Bible so that they can understand the meaning of the Bible. This type of research is qualitative research with an approach through observation, interviews, documentation, library research. The results of the research show that the efforts of Christian religious education teachers to increase interest in reading the Bible for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Teriak, Bengkayang Regency are: 1) implementing literacy before starting lessons; 2) provide questionnaires for weekly reports at church; 3) give memory verses for each homework assignment; 4) create stories using Bible sources and are required to read the Bible every day to make reports. So, PAK teachers play an increasingly important role in encouraging Class VII students to read the Bible, so students will increasingly increase their interest in reading the Bible.    

One of the provinces in Indonesia that has a variety of traditional cuisine is West Sumatra. Introducing traditional cuisine to the next generation is one way to maintain culture so that it is not forgotten. This traditional introduction still tends to be passed down through oral traditions from previous generations to the cuisine of their predecessors, usually through communication and people's living habits so that it is less than optimal in the long term. The best way to introduce traditional cuisine to children in the long term is to use reading media. Therefore, a cultural introduction was designed for children aged between 9-12 years in illustration-based book media. The design uses the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluate). The aim of this book is to broaden children's understanding of traditional West Sumatran cuisine.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of advertising-based learning strategies in training Arabic language skills of students at Tadzibun Nasyiin Elementary School. By utilizing the activity of making and reading advertisements both posters, brochures, and oral announcements students are encouraged to apply Arabic vocabulary and sentence structures contextually. Descriptive qualitative methods were used through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of the results of advertising work. The results showed an increase in active participation and student confidence by an average of in the aspects of Arabic speaking and writing skills. The activity of making advertisements successfully facilitated the use of new vocabulary, while reading advertisements trained fluency and pronunciation. Thus, advertising-based strategies are recommended as an innovative alternative in Arabic language learning at the elementary school level.

Reading interest among elementary school children is a fundamental foundation for literacy development and long-term academic success. However, the reading interest of elementary students in Indonesia remains low due to limited engaging reading materials and an unsupportive literacy environment. This study aims to analyze the role of various types of reading materials, such as fairy tales, children’s storybooks, and literate textbooks, in enhancing the reading interest of elementary students. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, collecting data through literature review, observation, and document analysis to depict effective practices in literacy learning. The results show that fairy tales serve as an initial gateway to literacy by building a positive emotional connection to reading, while children’s storybooks strengthen independent reading habits through appealing illustrations and engaging plots. Literate and contextual textbooks broaden literacy scope by integrating everyday experiences. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting reading materials suited to children’s psychological characteristics and the active role of teachers and parents in creating a joyful reading environment. This study provides strategic input for educators and policymakers to improve literacy at the elementary school level.

Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045 demands the readiness of superior, creative, and adaptive human resources in the face of rapid digital technological advancements. Digital literacy is one of the primary foundations that must be instilled from an early age, particularly at the elementary school level. This article aims to comprehensively examine the importance of digital literacy at the elementary school level, its role in shaping 21st-century character and skills, and the challenges and strategies for its implementation in elementary education. Through a literature review method, this article analyzes various research findings and best practices related to strengthening digital literacy in elementary school-aged children.The results show that digital literacy not only enhances students' technical skills in operating digital devices but also fosters critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and effective communication. Additionally, digital literacy plays a crucial role in building digital ethics awareness and cybersecurity, as well as promoting reading interest through interactive learning media. However, challenges persist, including limited facilities, uneven teacher competence, and a lack of integration of digital literacy in the curriculum. To overcome these obstacles, synergy is needed between schools, governments, and communities in providing infrastructure, teacher training, and developing relevant curricula.Thus, strengthening digital literacy from elementary school is a strategic step in preparing a smart, critical, and competitive generation, while supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045.