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The realization of learning that actively involves students is the hope of all parties, both the community and education practitioners. Increasing student activity is highly dependent on the teacher's ability to plan effective teaching and learning activities to achieve learning objectives. In the learning process at school, teachers need to encourage students to make optimal observations in order to obtain maximum learning outcomes. Therefore, teachers should provide students with the widest possible opportunity to observe in depth. The application of learning strategies with an activity-based approach in Islamic Religious Education subjects for grade V students of SDN 027 Labuhan Tangga Baru is expected to be able to increase motivation, achievement, creativity, and problem-solving abilities in learning.

Literacy is an individual's ability to manage and understand information through reading and writing activities. This skill is closely related to language skills because it includes aspects of speaking, reading, writing, counting and problem-solving skills. In other words, literacy includes language abilities and skills, including reading, writing, speaking, counting, and problem solving at a certain level needed in everyday life. This research uses a literature study approach as the main method of data collection. In the process, the researcher conducted an in-depth study and understanding of various relevant theories from literature sources.Today, in the digital era, digital literacy is a very important ability for elementary school students to have. The development of information and communication technology has changed learning methods, so it is important that students have sufficient ability to access, evaluate and use digital information effectively. Digital literacy of primary school students includes various important elements. First, digital literacy enables students to develop skills in utilizing digital technology, including surfing the internet, understanding hardware and software, and using productivity applications. Second, digital literacy teaches students about the safety and ethical aspects of using technology, such as maintaining online privacy, protecting personal data and avoiding cyberbullying.

A Decision Support System is a system designed with the capability to solve problems, particularly in decision-making. One example is making decisions regarding the recruitment of prospective employees or crew members for a company. In this research case study, the Decision Support System will be implemented to assist in recruiting crew members for Wedding Organizer Rahwana. A Wedding Organizer is a service-oriented business that plans and manages all aspects of a wedding event. In this case, Rahwana WO is still facing difficulties in selecting potential crew members. The implemented Decision Support System will use the MOORA method, a multi-objective optimization technique that has been successfully applied to solving various complex decision-making problems. The system’s performance was evaluated using the SUS method, and the implementation of this approach for Rahwana WO’s crew selection received a good rating, categorized as GOOD, with a score of 78.6.

Strengthening peer counseling is an effective approach in supporting mental health and psychosocial well-being of adolescents. Peer counseling allows individuals with similar backgrounds to share experiences, provide emotional support, and improve problem-solving skills. This study aims to see the effectiveness of peer counseling empowerment programs in improving psychological well-being and social skills of participants. The method used in this study was a literature study and an experiment with a control group of 32 participants. The results of this study were P <0.05, namely P = 0.028 with an average effectiveness result of 5.51%. which confirms that strengthening peer counseling is a strategy that can be applied in educational and community environments to improve adolescent mental well-being.  

The 21st century is marked by the advancement of science and technology, driving increasingly complex changes in life. In the context of education, a multidisciplinary learning approach has become relevant in enhancing students' complex thinking abilities. This approach allows students to integrate various disciplines in solving existing problems, thereby improving their critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills. This study explores the relationship between multidisciplinary learning and students' complex thinking abilities, the factors influencing its implementation effectiveness, and effective multidisciplinary learning strategies. Based on previous research, multidisciplinary learning has been proven to enhance complex thinking skills by up to 35% compared to conventional learning methods. However, its implementation faces several challenges, including a lack of teacher readiness, limited resources, and a learning culture that still emphasizes rote memorization. Therefore, problem-based learning strategies, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and the use of technology are recommended to improve the effectiveness of this approach.

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of sixth-grade students at SDN 104202 Bandar Setia Medan in solving fraction problems through the application of the STAD learning model. This research is classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were 25 sixth-grade students at SDN 104202 Bandar Setia Medan. Data collection instruments included student learning outcome tests and observations of student learning activities. The results showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the STAD learning model. In cycle I, the average student score was 65, increasing to 78 in cycle II. Student learning activities also increased, as indicated by the increased participation of students in group discussions and presentations of group work. The application of the STAD learning model proved effective in improving student learning outcomes in solving fraction problems. This is because the STAD learning model encourages students to collaborate, discuss, and help each other in understanding the concept of fractions. In addition, the element of competition between groups also motivates students to study harder. This research recommends that the STAD learning model can be applied in mathematics learning in elementary schools to improve student learning outcomes, especially in fraction materials. Further research can investigate the application of the STAD learning model on other mathematics materials or at different educational levels.

Critical thinking skills are crucial for preparing students to face complex real-world problems and are a key component of 21st-century learning. This study aims to identify the critical thinking skill profile of 5th-grade elementary school students on the respiratory system material. Critical thinking is an essential skill in 21st-century education, particularly for developing students' abilities in analysis, evaluation, and argumentation. However, it is often neglected in science education at the elementary level. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with survey techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations to assess students' critical thinking skills. The results indicate that among the 30 students tested, 15 were categorized as Fair, 12 as Low, and only 3 as Good. No student achieved the Very Good or Very Low category. The analysis of critical thinking indicators including analyzing, evaluating, composing arguments, and problem-solving reveals that while students possess a basic understanding, they struggle with more advanced critical thinking tasks. The study concludes that students' critical thinking skills remain limited to basic comprehension. This limitation is attributed to the dominance of rote learning methods and the lack of interactive and problem-solving-based instructional strategies. Future teaching approaches should prioritize active learning and the integration of critical thinking practices to enhance students' higher-order thinking skills.

The large percentage of waste is a problem and an opportunity in solving waste problems. Waste management is a systematic, comprehensive, and continuous activity that includes waste reduction and handling. What can be done is by involving and providing education to the community that produces waste. Community participation in waste management is basically interpreted as actively participating in a series of waste management, transportation, and disposal activities based on self-awareness and responsibility to achieve targets in creating a clean and healthy environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe waste management, stages of participation, types of participation, and levels of community participation in waste management in 3 case studies, namely the Margaluyu Environment, Bone Puteh Hamlet and Palattae Village.

Nongkosawit Village, which is located in Gunung Patti District, Semarang City, aims to improve the quality of services to the local community by implementing an optimal management system. This research aims to understand and analyze key factors that influence community satisfaction with Nongkosawit Village services, such as management, service quality, and the village's important role as a public service provider. This research identifies several problems that influence service quality in Nongkosawit District and investigates the impact of service quality on community satisfaction. A comprehensive problem-solving approach is applied, emphasizing the impact of employee competency and service facilities. Furthermore, this research explores the novelty in implementing modern management practices related to the characteristics of Nongkosawit Village. The research roadmap for the next five years is designed to implement concrete steps such as improving workforce skills, upgrading service facilities, and integrating information technology. This phase includes needs analysis and service quality assessment, improving employee skills, updating service facilities, integrating information technology, as well as ongoing evaluation and maintenance. It is hoped that the results of this research will make a major contribution to improving the quality of services in Nongkosawit Village and provide a theoretical and practical basis for further research and development. Therefore, it is hoped that this research will be able to formulate innovative solutions to support community satisfaction through improving the quality of public services in Nongkosawit Village.  

The application of algorithms in the mentoring activity scheduling system is an innovative solution to overcome the complexity of time and resource management. This study aims to develop a mentoring activity scheduling system for Reading and Writing the Qur'an (BTQ) using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm was chosen because of its ability to find optimal solutions efficiently through a particle population approach. This system is designed to meet the schedule preferences of students and supervisors, taking into account the limited time available and the interrelationships between schedules. This study makes a significant contribution to improving the efficiency of BTQ mentoring activity scheduling, as well as demonstrating the potential of PSO in solving other scheduling problems.

The Primaku application was introduced and launched by the Indonesian Pediatric Association to facilitate early and continuous monitoring of children's growth and development. However, there are still many people who do not understand how to use this technology-based Primaku application. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of the community, especially Posyandu cadres and mothers of toddlers, in monitoring the growth and development of infants and young children to prevent stunting. The problem-solving method is carried out by providing training on how to use the Primaku application and demonstrating how to assess children's growth and development using the Primaku application. Based on the results of the activity, it shows that the participants have good knowledge in understanding and using the Primaku application as a tool to monitor children's growth and development. with this activity, Posyandu cadres and mothers toddler can continue to update the latest information on children's growth and development.

Education plays a strategic role as a tool for social transformation capable of shaping individual character, addressing social inequality, and driving societal change. In the Indonesian context, character education has become a central issue in building a generation that is faithful, pious, morally upright, and responsible in accordance with the values of Pancasila. Through a holistic approach, character education integrates spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and social aspects to create quality individuals. Furthermore, learning methods that involve role modeling, habituation, and community participation emphasize the importance of collaboration between schools, families, and communities. As an agent of change, education also aims to create a knowledge-based society where science, innovation, and problem-solving serve as key pillars. Through lifelong learning, problem-based learning, and collaborative approaches, education provides space for the development of human potential relevant to global challenges. However, challenges such as educational disparities, curriculum relevance, and teacher capacity remain obstacles that need to be addressed through inclusive policies, continuous training, and improvements in educational infrastructure. By adopting an integrated approach, education can serve as a solid foundation for building a just, inclusive, and adaptive society in response to social changes.

This research aims to see whether group guidance using problem solving techniques can improve students' learning skills at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 3 Medan. This research uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental approach, non-equivalent control group design. In this design, both groups (experimental and control) underwent an initial test (pre-test) and a final test (post-test), but only the experimental group was given treatment, while the control group was not given treatment. The research population consisted of students in class X-1 (30 students) and X-2 (30 students). The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, with a total of 16 students who had low learning skills, namely 8 students from the experimental group (class X-2) and 8 students from the control group (class X-1). The research instrument is a learning skills questionnaire with 26 statements whose validity and reliability have been tested. Data were analyzed using the T-test. The T-test results showed that the experimental group experienced an increase in learning skills, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This means that problem solving techniques are effective in improving students' learning skills. In contrast, the control group did not show a significant increase in learning skills, with a significance value of 0.022 > 0.05. The results of the independent sample t-test show a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05, which means there are differences in students' learning skills before and after being given services in the experimental group.

This study aims to describe the visual thinking of high school students in understanding three-dimensional problems. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Two students with medium and high mathematical skills of the female gender were selected as research subjects. Data was collected by giving three-dimensional problem-solving tasks according to Polya's steps and interviews. Students' visual thinking is described based on seeing, recognizing, imagining, and showing. The results of the study show that at the comprehension stage, students with medium and high mathematical skills do looking and seeing, recognizing and imagining at the planning stage, and showing the steps to implement the problem-solving plan appropriately but in a different way, students with medium ability use more concise steps and vice versa for high-ability students; At the re-examination stage, the two subjects showed (showing) the conclusion of the solution solution, but did not show (showing) re-checking.

Task scheduling in cloud computing environments is a crucial aspect in optimizing resource allocation and improving system efficiency. This research aims to analyze trends in task scheduling algorithms in cloud computing using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach on various scientific publications published between 2018 and 2025. The results of the study show that Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) algorithms are the most commonly used methods in solving task scheduling problems. PSO stands out as an effective algorithm due to its ability to find global optimal solutions, handle non-linear and multimodal problems, and its efficiency in managing computational resources. Additionally, various studies have shown that optimization of scheduling algorithms can be achieved through a combination or modification of existing methods to improve system performance. This study provides in-depth insights into the development of scheduling algorithms in cloud computing and opens up opportunities for further research in developing more innovative and adaptive approaches.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Quiz application as an interactive learning medium to enhance cooperation, creativity, and critical thinking skills among fourth-grade elementary school students (SD/MI). The Classroom Action Research (CAR) method was employed to analyze the impact of digital quiz-based learning on students. The study was conducted over two cycles, which included planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results indicated that the use of the Quiz application could improve student cooperation through interaction and group collaboration, foster creativity through innovative problem-solving, and enhance critical thinking skills through analysis and evaluation of issues. Improvement was reflected in the average achievement scores for indicators of cooperation, creativity, and critical thinking, which reached 85%, 82%, and 80% respectively in the second cycle. This research concludes that the Quiz application, as an interactive learning medium, can create a dynamic, enjoyable, and meaningful learning atmosphere, and is relevant to the needs of today's digital generation.

Indonesia is known for its diversity of culture, ethnicity, religion and customs. One of the noble values ​​contained in Indonesian culture is the spirit of mutual cooperation. Mutual cooperation is a form of cooperation between individuals or groups in solving work or problems together, regardless of social status, background or personal interests. In the history of the Indonesian nation, this spirit has proven to be a solid foundation in building social solidarity, strengthening unity, and supporting the sustainability of social life. However, along with the times and rapid advances in technology, the value of mutual cooperation has begun to be replaced by the values ​​of more individualism. emphasizes personal interests and individual achievements. The modern era, with all the dynamics and influence of globalization, has caused many people to focus more on personal success without considering collective interests. This aims to re-explore the spirit of mutual cooperation in the modern era with an approach that is relevant to current developments, as well as finding ways to restore the value of togetherness which is increasingly being eroded by individualism.

One essential component of human life is education,resource development, and mathematics plays an essential role in developing logic and problem-solving skills among students. However, many elementary school students find mathematics to be difficult and boring, resulting in a lack of interest in the subject. One solution to enhance interest in learning is through the use of educational games. This study aims to analyze the role of educational games in improving elementary school students' interest in learning mathematics. The method employed is a literature review, collecting and analyzing related references. The findings suggest that the use of educational games can increase student motivation and learning outcomes by creating an enjoyable and interactive learning environment.

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills. 

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills.