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This research aims to describe the role of teachers in 21st century learning for elementary school students in the independent curriculum.  In this research, the method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with a library research approach, namely an approach that focuses on literature analysis.  Researchers collect data from various written sources such as books, journals and other references.  Based on the research results, it shows that in 21st century learning teachers have a very important and crucial role in the learning process and development of students' skills based on 4C skills (communication, critical thinking, collaboration and creativity).  It is hoped that 21st century learning for elementary school students through the independent curriculum can develop students' potential and skills to compete with developments that are increasingly developing day by day.  The implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools also plays a role in creating empowered students, able to adapt to current developments through a project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students.  Therefore, it is hoped that there will be collaboration and support from parents, school principals and the government so as to produce a young generation who are intelligent, have character and are ready to face the future. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana peran guru dalam pembelajaran abad-21 pada siswa sekolah dasar di kurikulum merdeka. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research, yaitu pendekatan yang berfokus pada analisis literatur. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber tertulis seperti buku, jurnal, dan referensi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembelajaran abad-21 guru memiliki peran yang sangat penting dan krusial dalam proses pembelajaran dan pengembangan keterampilan siswa berdasarkan keterampilan 4C (communication, critical thinking, collaboration, dan creativity). Pembelajaran abad-21 pada siswa sekolah dasar melalui kurikulum merdeka diharapkan dapat mengembangkan potensi dan keterampilan siswa untuk bersaing dengan perkembangan zaman yang kian hari makin berkembang. Implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar juga berperan untuk menciptakan siswa yang berdaya, mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman melalui projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila. Oleh karena itu diharapkan adanya kolaborasi dan dukungan  dari orang tua, kepala sekolah dan pemerintah sehingga menghasilkan generasi muda yang cerdas, berkarakter, dan siap menghadapi masa depan.

UKM Wintolo is a small and medium business that produces molds using liquid aluminum as the base material. UKM Wintolo has 3 workers with different age ranges. When initial observations were made, it was seen that the position and posture of workers when working were not neutral and not ergonomic, so community service activities were carried out at UKM Wintolo with the theme of improving processes and work environments in accordance with ergonomics rules at UKM Wintolo. This activity was carried out for 2 days, namely the first day was carried out by providing socialization material according to the theme of the activity, and taking measurements using the anthropometric method in making work facilities. The work facilities that have been refurbished include work chairs that are used for the mold preparation process and the process of taking mold results. On the second day, the products that had been made for these two activities were handed over. Community service activities are carried out to avoid musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) complaints and this will subsequently have an impact on increasing worker productivity. Through this activity, it can be seen that there is a change in the position and posture of workers while working.

Method is the most important element in the Islamic education learning process. Because methods are among the determining factors for the success or failure of education and learning. And it would be good if the learning methods were appropriate and relevant to the needs and conditions of students in the learning process. The output in Islamic education is the confirmation that students must have the ability to understand, believe and practice Islamic teachings as a concrete result of the learning process. And to make this happen, learning methods in Islamic education must be based on primary sources, namely the Koran and the Hadith of the Prophet SAW which have been tested for validity with current developments. Islamic education learning methods that can be applied according to the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith include: the method of bil hikmah, example, stories, ibrah or mau'izah, habituation or habituation, parables, punishment and reward, lectures, discussions or dialogue and jidal or debate, question and answer, demonstration, and practice or repetition. In essence, the Qur'an or Hadith is a solution in the process of human life that must be studied and understood in order to achieve its essence in living human nature as a servant of Allah SWT.

This study aims to determine the effect of online shopping experience on consumer loyalty in Shopee e-commerce. This type of research uses quantitative research and variable measurement is carried out using a Likert scale. The sample in this study uses a questionnaire method. The population in this study are consumers who use and shop on the Shopee application. The sample taken in this study was 100 respondents. The analysis methods used in this study are validity tests, reliability tests, simple linear regression tests, partial tests (T tests), and determinant coefficient tests (R2). Based on what the researchers have tested, the results of this study indicate that online shopping experience has a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty. The better the online shopping experience felt by consumers, the more it can increase consumer loyalty.

This research is motivated by the results of preliminary observations that there are still service programs that have not been realized according to the specified time. Most people feel that the services provided by the village head and his staff have not yet touched the real needs of the community. Lack of awareness from local village government officials in the service process. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research method. The population in this study was 8 people. The sampling technique used the total sample technique, thus the sample in this study was 8 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results of the study are as follows: The Leadership of the Head of Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency in Activities So far, it has been in accordance with the main function of the leader by carrying out his leadership properly and correctly, meaning, based on the rules of the game that have been agreed upon and determined by the organization. such as the preparation of the vision and mission and goals of the organization, so that from planning to accountability is directed at the goals that have been set, becoming a motivator, decision maker, performance assessment, dynamic and catalyst for the organization, stabilizer and supervisor. The implementation of public services in Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency, has been in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 63 of 2004 concerning Minimum Service Standards, such as in terms of transparency, accountability, conditional, participatory, equal rights, and balance of rights and obligations. The obstacles faced by the village head in improving public services in Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency, are human resources, facilities and infrastructure, education and human resources skills. Efforts that have been made by the Village Head in Improving Public Services in Cikunir Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency, are improving the quality of human resources through education and training; adding/completing service facilities and infrastructure; and improving employee skills through on the job training.

  The effectiveness and  efficiency of the production administration at  MSMEs MAMIN Pakis process needs to be supported by competent human resources.  The reason for the dedication is because the production administration system is not yet perfect. The aim is to provide practical knowledge of strategy and application of performance evaluation in a continuous improvement manner. Targets of a continuous structured work evaluation system and employee motivation in improving performance. The training process carried out, namely manual data collection, structured recording of integrated production application program input for each department, provides important insight and becomes the basis for progress so that the discipline of manual data input and programs becomes an error controller.  Activities processed from analysis of errors in inputting service release materials increase success and insight into production administration performance in a sustaainable manner.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of tax aggressiveness, profitability, leverage, and an independent board of commissioners on corporate social responsibility disclosure with company size as a moderating variable in infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The period used in this research is 4 years, starting from 2018-2021. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 67 infrastructure companies that were still listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and a sample of 13 companies was obtained. The data analysis technique used is moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of the research show that partially tax aggressiveness, company size has a positive effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure, profitability, leverage, an independent board of commissioners has no effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure, company size is able to moderate tax aggressiveness towards corporate social responsibility disclosure, and company size does not. able to moderate profitability, leverage, independent board of commissioners on corporate social responsibility disclosure. Simultaneously, tax aggressiveness, profitability, leverage, independent board of commissioners, and company size have a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure. The ability of the variables tax aggressiveness, profitability, leverage, board of commissioners and company size to explain Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure is 21% as shown by the large adjusted R square value. Meanwhile, the remaining 79% is influenced by other variables.

This research was motivated by the discovery of problems related to promotion via social media Instagram and electric word of mouth (ewom) on the decision to visit the documentation center. The aim of this research is to find out and describe the influence of promotion via social media Instagram and electric word of mouth (ewom) on the decision to visit the documentation center. The type of research used is quantitative with a causal associative approach. The type of data used in this research is primary and secondary data. The population of this research is visitors to the Minangkabau culture of PDIKM Padang City. The research sample consisted of 103 consumers with a sampling technique using non-probability sampling using purposive sampling. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire with a Likert scale which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data from this research were processed using SPSS 25.00. The results of this research show that promotion via social media Instagram is in the sufficient category with a value of 3.40, then the electric word of mouth (ewom) variable is in the sufficient category with a value of 3.40, and the decision variable to visit the documentation center is in the sufficient category with a value of 3.40. value of 3.40. The influence of promotion via social media, Instagram and electric word of mouth (ewom) on the decision to visit the documentation center with an adjusted R Square of 49.3% and 50.7% influenced by other factors.

An experiment examined micrometer shifts in optical fibers to understand sensor characteristics: range, linearity, sensitivity, and resolution. Findings showed voltage output decreases with fiber length. The fiber coupler sensor's range was 2 mm, and the fiber bundle sensor's was 25 mm.While not perfectly linear, the study identified operational ranges using y = ax + n. The fiber bundle had two linear regions: Front Linear (0.2-1.6 mm) with R² = 0.9918 and Rear Linear (2.3-8.3 mm) with R² = 0.977. The fiber coupler's linear trend spanned 0.3-2.1 mm with an R² of 0.944. Sensitivity was 4668.5 V/mm (front) and 780.91 V/mm (rear) for the fiber bundle, and 215.79 V/mm for the fiber coupler. Resolution was 0.0107 µm (front), 0.0640 µm (rear) for the fiber bundle, and 0.2317 µm for the fiber coupler. These findings shed light on optical fiber shift sensor parameters.

. This study aims to analyze the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cibeber Sub-district, Cilegon City, in increasing the income and welfare of the actors. MSMEs play an important role in the local economy, creating jobs and improving community welfare. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study collected data from MSME players in Cibeber to evaluate their economic impact. The results show that MSMEs contribute significantly to income generation, which in turn improves the welfare of business owners in terms of economy, education, health and quality of life. Factors such as access to capital, entrepreneurship training and government support play a key role in the success of MSMEs

Population growth continues to increase, making the need for clean water increasingly increasing. The quality of raw water needed as a source of clean water also requires further processing to ensure it meets quality standards. To make clean water and drinking water suitable for consumption by the community, the role of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) is needed. PT Hanarida Tirta Birawa is one of the companies that serves clean water needs in Sidoarjo Regency. Clean Water Treatment Plants will have a big impact on environmental quality, especially water. The parameters that have the greatest influence on the content of raw water that will be processed into clean water are Fe (Ferrom/Iron) and Mn (Manganese) contained in raw water. At PT Hanarida Tirta Birawa, the manganese (Mn) content ranges from 0.04 to 0.13 mg/l and iron (Fe) ranges from 0.11 to 0.17 mg/l and meets the quality standards of RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010. The reduction in processed water reached 87.23% for manganese and 93.29% for iron.

Humans have a basic desire to be accepted, appreciated and wanted by others, in short humans wants to love and be loved by the others. The desire to have intimacy is considered as the basic human desire and can explain the behavior of individuals in relationship (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Intimacy sometimes influenced by emotional and sexual relationship conditioned by one or both parties. One of the variation and the dynamic of sex that became popular was BDSM. BDSM is an acronym of B which means Bondage, D which means Discipline and also Domination, S which means Submission and also Sadism, and M which means Masochism. BDSM is a sexual practice that has the character of: power exchange where there are inequalities in degree of relationship, suppression, physical restraint and exploration around the pain. The aim of this study was to find the intimacy of the BDSM perpetrators in the IBS community and to see if intimacy in relationships can arise in couples who practice BDSM in their relationships. This study uses descriptive study, and the sample in this study using snowball sampling technique. It is known that there is a picture of intimacy of relationship owned by BDSM partner and partner in IBS community that is high of Knowledge, high of Caring, High of Interdependence, High Mutualitu, High of Trust and High of Commitmen`

           The purpose of this research is to find out the steps used by PPKn teachers in dealing with juvenile delinquency among students at SMPN 27 Serang City, because what we already know is that juvenile delinquency in Indonesia often occurs, such as bullying, skipping school which has become a habit, smoking and even smoking. There are minors who are involved in brawls and even use illegal drugs or narcotics, in this case there is a need for teacher involvement in correcting juvenile delinquency among students, in overcoming this, especially civics teachers to help students overcome this by teaching them about morality, standars, and good behavior. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design through observation, interviews, documentation and literature review to support the data obtained.  The research finding the show that juvenile delinquency among students at SMPN 27 Serang City is a minor offense such as children not tucking in their clothes, playing truant or one of them teasing their friends and breaking the bathroom door. PPKn teachers are also responsible for being role models and facilitators, usually PPKn teachers.  Every time you enter the classroom, teach students to accustom themselves to dress neatly, then instill an attitude of respect, tolerance, then look after the belongings of their classmates and the teacher also does not discriminate between smart and mediocre students, all are equal in accordance with the vision and mission at SMPN 27, Serang City, making the school a reality. Civilized, Creative, Active and Religious or abbreviated as BERKIBAR.     

Mathematics education student learning difficultis ar influenced bye several factors, both internal ands external. This research aims to identify and analyze they learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education study program students. The methods used as Systematic Literature Review (SLR) bye collecting and analyzis scientific articles related to student learning difficulties published in the last 10 years.

The aim of this research is to understand and analyze partially and simultaneously the impact of service quality and price perception on consumer purchasing decisions at the Yamaha Jayamandiri Gemaasejati Tasikmalaya dealer. A quantitative method was applied in this study involving 100 respondents as a consumer survey approach. Data was collected using a questionnaire method. This research applies multiple regression analysis, correlation coefficient, and also uses the coefficient of determination using the SPSS application as data processing. The results of the research show that service quality and price perceptions have an influence on purchasing decisions simultaneously or partially.    

The ability to think critically is an important skill in the 21st century. The Mathway application offers various features that can help students learn mathematics. This research aims to systematically review the literature on the use of the Mathway application on students' critical thinking abilities. This research uses a literature review method by searching for relevant scientific articles in various databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ERIC. The research results show that using the Mathway application can help improve students' critical thinking skills. This is proven by several studies which show that students who use Mathway in their learning have higher scores on critical thinking ability tests compared to students who do not use Mathway.

Community service in the form of workshop on digital literacy at Rahmatullah Al-Ma'arif Darek Junior High School in Central Lombok aimed to improve students' understanding of digital literacy through a systematic evaluation process. The pre-test showed a low initial level of understanding, which significantly improved after the workshop. Statistical analysis using a t-test showed the effectiveness of the workshop in improving students' digital literacy. This research underscores the importance of ICT education and the need to include digital literacy initiatives in basic education. The findings provided additional insights for educators and policy makers in promoting digital skills among students, especially in rural areas.

Grants are a form of financial assistance provided by individuals, organizations, or governments to recipients without repayment obligations. Grants play a significant role in social and economic development, including improving community welfare, strengthening economic capacity, and supporting infrastructure development. This study aims to analyze how grants contribute to community empowerment and economic growth while identifying challenges in their management. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study finds that well-managed grants can enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), accelerate regional development, and support social sectors such as education and health. However, issues such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and potential dependency among grant recipients remain significant challenges. Strengthening regulations, implementing monitoring systems, and ensuring impact-based grant distribution are recommended to improve grant effectiveness and maximize benefits for recipients.

Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia memiliki lima dasar yang mencakup ketuhanan yang masa esa, kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, persatuan indonesia, kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/ perwakilan, dan keadilan sosaial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan penetrasi media sosial, seperti Telegram, peran dan pengaruhnya terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila menjadi subjek analisis yang penting. Salah satu fenomena yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah dampak negatif dari praktik role play di platform tersebut terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila oleh penggunanya. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis akan menjelajahi bagaimana praktik role play di Telegram dapat memengaruhi pemahaman dan penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila serta implikasinya terhadap identitas dan keberagaman budaya Indonesia.

Advances in digital technology in the current Industry 4.0 era have changed and influenced several aspects of human life. Suppose the Indonesian people do not want the identity and character of their community and their cultural riches to be lost at the hands of globalization. In that case, the community must have a robust defence mechanism. One way to build a defense system is through education. Technology and education are two things that cannot be separated. Pesantren is the oldest Islamic education and broadcasting institution in Indonesia. This research aims to examine and formulate the implications of the shift in orientation and value systems of Islamic boarding schools at the modern Islamic boarding school Nurussalam Sidogede (South Sumatra), the modern Islamic boarding school Darul A'mal (Metro Lampung), the Al-Hikmah Islamic boarding school (Bandar Lampung) and the modern Islamic boarding school Al -Muhajirin (Cikarang Bekasi) with an AGIL approach. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data used in this research is sourced from the author's interviews with the Islamic boarding school. The results show that there are several similarity and differences between the transformative Islamic boarding school and non-transformative Islamic boarding school groups in terms of variables or indicators, namely Adaptation (A), Integration (I), Goal (G), and Latent Patten (L).