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Speaking is an essential skill for learners of any foreign language, and English is no exception. However, many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners experience significant challenges when it comes to speaking skills. This study aims to explore the views of students regarding the difficulties they face in speaking English and to identify potential solutions to these challenges. A case study method was employed, involving twenty-seven university students from Indonesia. The data were collected using questionnaires, which allowed the researchers to gather insights into students' perceptions and experiences with speaking English. The results revealed that the majority of participants, 71.6%, reported facing common difficulties such as the fear of making mistakes, fear of criticism, and general shyness. These emotional barriers significantly hindered their ability to speak confidently in class. Additionally, only 18.5% of the students actively participated in speaking activities during lessons, indicating a lack of engagement in oral communication. A significant number of students (96.3%) felt that they lacked sufficient knowledge of the subject matter, further impeding their ability to speak effectively. Moreover, 81.5% of the students admitted that they preferred to use their mother tongue, which they often spoke during English classes, as it was easier for them. These findings suggest that both emotional and knowledge-related issues play a crucial role in shaping the speaking abilities of EFL learners. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions that address both the emotional barriers and knowledge gaps in order to improve the speaking skills of EFL students.

The purpose of this study is to analyze teachers’ understanding of authentic assessment. The assessment process seeks to evaluate whether educational goals have been met, thus highlighting the important role of evaluation in the education sector. Effective and comprehensive evaluation is conducted on an ongoing basis, providing educators with a comprehensive view of student learning achievement and progress. Each subject emphasizes the importance of ongoing assessment, which is aligned with broader educational goals and outcomes. This article serves as a literature review intended to explore the features of 21st century learning and their implications for assessment, specifically authentic assessment. Given globalization and rapid technological advancements, the educational paradigm has shifted from a teacher-centered approach to a student-centered approach. Learning in the 21st century prioritizes the enhancement of critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills (often referred to as the 4Cs). Therefore, conventional assessment is considered inadequate to measure learning outcomes that are complex and contextual. This study explores various relevant scientific sources to formulate a comprehensive understanding of authentic assessment as an approach that is in line with the characteristics of 21st century learning. Authentic assessment emphasizes real, contextual processes and products, and provides meaningful learning experiences. The findings of this study recommend that teachers need to design assessments that are integrated with the learning process, encourage active student involvement, and assess abilities holistically. This study is expected to be a guide for education professionals in creating assessment methods that are in line with 21st century requirements.

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, with individual entrepreneurial intentions serving as a key supporting factor. Despite this, student involvement in entrepreneurial endeavors remains relatively low. This research seeks to examine how emotional intelligence and self-leadership influence entrepreneurial intentions among students at the University of Lampung. Employing a quantitative method with a causal approach, the study gathered primary data through questionnaires distributed to 183 sixth-semester students across various faculties. The research instruments underwent validity, reliability, and normality testing, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings confirmed the proposed hypotheses. Based on these results, the study recommends that higher education institutions, particularly the University of Lampung, implement character development initiatives and foster a positive student mindset. It also suggests creating more opportunities for reflection and open dialogue, incorporating problem-based learning models, and providing training in persuasive communication and soft skills. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of enhancing entrepreneurship curricula with practical experiences such as business incubators and simulations, while also improving student access to entrepreneurial support systems, including funding, mentoring, and market networks. These measures aim to boost student confidence in launching businesses and to strengthen the campus entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Assertive is a form of learning that forms the identity of an individual. Assertive ability can also bring up communication skills that can assist individuals in carrying out their social demands. Assertive behavior is important for children to have to prevent sexual violence, bullying and communication difficulties in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pop up books in increasing assertiveness in children. The method used in this study is an experimental research method which uses a pre-test post-test control group design. Data collection was carried out through observation with the checklist recording technique. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The subjects in this study were class II children of SD Negeri Padang Lua for the 2022/2023 academic year, aged 8-9 years. Based on the results of the pre-post test analysis, there was a significant difference in the form of an increase in assertive behavior in the experimental group. This proves that the use of pop up books is effective in increasing assertiveness in children. It is hoped that future researchers will implement this research in a more conducive environment and with a longer intervention time.

In the era of globalization, the tourism sector is experiencing rapid growth and requires a workforce that not only has technical skills, but also intercultural communication abilities. The ability to master more than one language or multilingualism is a crucial skill for tourism students to compete in an increasingly competitive job market. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of multilingualism in expanding career opportunities for tourism students at STIEPAR. The method applied was a survey using a questionnaire addressed to tourism students. The results of the study showed that all respondents (100%) considered the importance of foreign language skills in the world of tourism. Many students believe that their multilingual ability increases their competitiveness and helps prepare them to face the work challenges that exist in the global industry. However, there are challenges such as lack of opportunities for hands-on practice and adequate language learning facilities. The results of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening the foreign language curriculum in tourism education institutions, as well as the need for policy support and external collaboration to create a learning atmosphere that is active, relevant, and in line with industry demands.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045 demands the readiness of superior, creative, and adaptive human resources in the face of rapid digital technological advancements. Digital literacy is one of the primary foundations that must be instilled from an early age, particularly at the elementary school level. This article aims to comprehensively examine the importance of digital literacy at the elementary school level, its role in shaping 21st-century character and skills, and the challenges and strategies for its implementation in elementary education. Through a literature review method, this article analyzes various research findings and best practices related to strengthening digital literacy in elementary school-aged children.The results show that digital literacy not only enhances students' technical skills in operating digital devices but also fosters critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and effective communication. Additionally, digital literacy plays a crucial role in building digital ethics awareness and cybersecurity, as well as promoting reading interest through interactive learning media. However, challenges persist, including limited facilities, uneven teacher competence, and a lack of integration of digital literacy in the curriculum. To overcome these obstacles, synergy is needed between schools, governments, and communities in providing infrastructure, teacher training, and developing relevant curricula.Thus, strengthening digital literacy from elementary school is a strategic step in preparing a smart, critical, and competitive generation, while supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045.

The purpose of Community Service (PKM) is to improve the understanding and ability of business owners and crew members (ABK) in conducting simple and applicable financial analysis. This activity will be carried out in Laha Village, Ambon City, in May 2025 with the main target of the Arumbae ship fishing business actors and their crews. This PKM is carried out in three main stages, namely: the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. In the preparation stage, an initial approach is made to ship owners and crew members to establish communication and identify specific needs related to understanding and skills in financial analysis. The implementation phase includes training activities that are designed in a participatory and applicable manner, using Microsoft Excel software as the main tool in calculating and analyzing the feasibility of the business. The training material includes business feasibility analysis techniques, cash management, simple financial recording, and profit and loss projections. The benefits felt by the participants were very significant. Business owners now have a better understanding of the importance of financial management, and can prepare a business feasibility analysis independently. They also show an improvement in the ability to prepare simple financial statements, as well as being motivated to develop fishing ventures to a larger and more sustainable scale. Monitoring shows a noticeable increase in understanding and skills after training. This activity also has a positive impact on building an orderly and disciplined financial recording culture, which has not previously been a habit among fishermen. In the future, it is hoped that this training can be replicated to other fishermen groups in the coastal area of Maluku to expand the impact. The conclusion of this activity shows that an educational and practical approach is able to encourage the increase of fishermen's capacity in the financial aspect of business. This activity also opens up opportunities for the development of fishing businesses professionally and oriented towards the sustainability of the local economy.

This study aims to explore how employee skills contribute to the quality of service at beauty salons in North Padang. A quantitative method was used, with questionnaires distributed to 60 customers. The employee skills examined include basic abilities, technical know-how, interpersonal communication, and problem-solving. Service quality was assessed through five key indicators: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical appearance. The findings reveal a clear connection between employee skills and the service quality experienced by customers. In short, the more capable the staff, the more satisfied the customers tend to be. This highlights the importance of skill development and continuous training for employees in the beauty service industry

Information technology changes the order of information retrieval. Librarians in the era of disruption are no longer limited to managing collections and technical services, but have developed into facilitators, companions for personal development of users. Librarians as counselors must have interpersonal and communication skills, as well as a basic understanding of counseling to help users solve problems of fulfilling information, academic, social, and emotional needs. This study aims to explore the role of librarians as counselors. Literature studies are used for this research method. The results of this study indicate that librarians as counselors help users in fulfilling information, building emotional bonds. So that users are able to become independent people in retrieving information in the future.  

The effectiveness of the Windows Shopping strategy in enhancing the speech writing abilities of eighth-grade students at four government junior high schools in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia, is examined in this study. The study is based on the demand for novel instructional methods that assist students with the challenges of arranging thoughts, choosing the right vocabulary, and creating well-written sentences while writing speeches. The study used a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, consisting of pretests and posttests administered to 128 pupils, along with qualitative data from observations, interviews, and reflections. With average scores rising from 61. 63 (pretest) to 81. 97 (posttest), the results showed a notable improvement in students' performance. The statistical significance was confirmed by a paired sample t-test (t = 11. 52, p = 9. 83 × 10⁻¹³). Qualitative data also showed that students were more engaged, creative, and confident during group learning sessions. The Windows Shopping method, in accordance with social constructivist learning principles, encouraged students to actively explore, present, and reconstruct information through group interaction. This approach, according to the study, is effective in improving students' speech writing abilities and promoting essential 21st century skills such as creativity, collaboration, and communication. It should be used more widely in other text-based language instruction as well.

This study analyzes the relationship between intercultural communication competence and cultural empathy in Madura ethnic nomadic students. As a group that often faces challenges in cross-cultural communication, migrant students need to have high adaptability in order to interact effectively in diverse academic and social environments. This study aims to understand how the process of cross-cultural communication can shape the cultural empathy of Madura ethnic nomadic students, as well as how factors such as cross-cultural awareness, ease of perspective, feelings of empathy, and expressions of empathy contribute to their adaptation. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method of Madurese ethnic nomadic students spread across several provinces in Indonesia. The results of the study show that effective cross-cultural communication can help students in adjusting to a new environment, increasing comfort in interacting, and strengthening cultural empathy. Key factors contributing to this process include the ability to understand cultural differences, language skills, as well as a willingness to participate in the local culture.

The rapid development of technology and social media has significantly changed how teenagers communicate, including the emergence of the “alay” language phenomenon. Alay language is a form of non-standard communication widely used among teenagers, especially on social media platforms like Facebook. This study aims to identify the forms of alay language used by teenagers and analyze its impact on the proper use of the Indonesian language. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observations on social media. The results show that common forms of alay language include random capitalization, letter-to-number substitutions, excessive or reduced letter use, and the use of informal vocabulary. While this phenomenon reflects teenagers’ creative linguistic expression, it also poses negative implications for their proficiency in formal Indonesian. Overuse of alay language can lead to structural and semantic deterioration in language skills. Although it may be perceived as a part of youth identity and cultural expression, the use of alay language should be limited in formal communication settings. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of youth linguistic behavior and emphasizes the importance of preserving the quality of the national language.

The scientific approach is an approach that conveys students' understanding of knowledge and uses a scientific approach to understand the scientific approach that does not depend on direct information from the teacher, anytime, anywhere, anytime (Daryanto, 2015). Through this approach, learning is aimed at students who are centered on interactive, encouraging students to improve their thinking skills. According to Permendikbud (2013), students carry out five main activities to learn: observation, questioning, gathering information, connection and communication. When using a scientific approach, the question aspect is the most difficult aspect. Many students have low enthusiasm, curiosity, and motivation to follow the PPKN compartment. The area of ​​study is considered boring and student life is lost. Low skills in critical thinking, problem solving and decision making also interfere with the learning process (Fischer et al 2012 Murawski 2012 Wang & Zheng, 2016). To answer or ask questions, students must have the ability to analyze, evaluate, integrate, and apply acquaintances.

The rapid development of social media has changed the learning patterns of the digital generation, including in learning Japanese. This study examines the effectiveness of short videos based on social media such as YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Instagram Reels as a medium for learning Japanese. The study used a quantitative approach through a descriptive survey with a Likert scale instrument, involving 61 respondents who had experience teaching Japanese using short videos. The findings showed that this media effectively improved vocabulary and phrase understanding, practised pronunciation, and built learning motivation. However, its effectiveness in developing productive skills such as speaking and writing is still limited. Most respondents also stated the need for longer content to deepen mastery of the material. These findings indicate that short videos have the potential to be an interesting, practical, and easily accessible learning medium. However, the development of learning content should be directed at combining the visual appeal of short videos and communication practice-oriented materials to achieve more optimal and sustainable learning outcomes.

Perception refers Perception is an individual's way of viewing a situation, shaped by their experiences, environment, and values. Communication strategy is the planning and management done to achieve a particular goal. This study focuses on three research questions: 1. What is the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 2. What is the strategy of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 3. What are the opportunities and challenges faced by outstanding students in building communication skills? The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques employed include interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills includes: 1. Learning through practice, and 2. Having both introverted and extroverted traits. The strategies of outstanding students in developing communication skills include: 1. Recognizing the audience, 2. Non-verbal communication, 3. Joining interest groups, 4. Applying the "rule of three" technique, 5. Participating in public speaking activities, 6. Finding examples of communication from great figures, 7. Communicating every day and evaluating. The opportunities and challenges of outstanding students in building communication skills include: 1. Group communication, and the challenge of adapting (both internal and external)

This study investigates the effect of emotional intelligence on conflict management with interpersonal communication as a mediating variable. The research was conducted on students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Nusa Nipa, who attended the Conflict and Negotiation Management course during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. A quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the relationships among variables. The results show that emotional intelligence significantly influences interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication, in turn, significantly influences conflict management. However, the direct effect of emotional intelligence on conflict management was not significant. Mediation analysis reveals that interpersonal communication significantly mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management. These findings highlight the importance of communication skills in translating emotional capacity into effective conflict resolution strategies. Practically, the study recommends that emotional intelligence training be accompanied by structured development of interpersonal communication skills in university curricula.

This community service activity aims to optimize the strengthening of teachers' soft skills through the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on scientific literacy. Soft skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and leadership are essential competencies for teachers in creating meaningful and transformative learning. This activity was carried out in several public elementary schools in Bekasi City with a participatory training approach and direct practice-based mentoring. The training materials were designed to integrate scientific literacy with Pancasila values ​​in the context of thematic learning. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in communication skills, collaboration skills, and teacher understanding in applying the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile into the learning process. In addition, this program also had a positive impact on shaping the professional behavior of teachers who were more reflective, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening student character. These findings indicate that the integration of scientific literacy within the P5 framework can be an effective strategy in developing teachers' pedagogical competence.

This community service activity aims to optimize the strengthening of teachers' soft skills through the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on scientific literacy. Soft skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and leadership are essential competencies for teachers in creating meaningful and transformative learning. This activity was carried out in several public elementary schools in Bekasi City with a participatory training approach and direct practice-based mentoring. The training materials were designed to integrate scientific literacy with Pancasila values ​​in the context of thematic learning. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in communication skills, collaboration skills, and teacher understanding in applying the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile into the learning process. In addition, this program also had a positive impact on shaping the professional behavior of teachers who were more reflective, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening student character. These findings indicate that the integration of scientific literacy within the P5 framework can be an effective strategy in developing teachers' pedagogical competence.

This research explores the impact of bracelet-making activities on children's development at the Subang Mewah Children’s Center, Malaysia. The study focuses on the development of creativity, fine motor skills, social interaction, and self-confidence among children, particularly those from migrant communities. The research aims to understand how these activities contribute to children's cognitive and emotional growth. Using qualitative methods, including observation and interviews with teachers and children, the study evaluates the effectiveness of bracelet-making as a tool for development. The main findings reveal that bracelet-making allows children to express creativity through design, improves fine motor coordination, fosters collaboration and communication, and enhances self-esteem. Children not only learn technical skills but also develop social abilities by working together and helping each other. Completing a creative project boosts their confidence, encouraging them to face new challenges. The research concludes that creative activities like bracelet-making are valuable tools in non-formal educational settings, promoting holistic development in children. The study suggests that integrating such activities can be an effective way to support migrant children’s growth and social integration. Future studies could explore incorporating digital tools into these activities to further enhance learning experiences.