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This study investigates the effect of the Team Word-Webbing technique on reading comprehension among tenth-grade students at MAN Koto Baru, Dharmasraya. Reading comprehension is critical for language acquisition and academic success, as it encompasses the ability to extract and interpret meaning from text. Despite its importance, many students struggle with reading comprehension due to various factors including limited vocabulary and insufficient engagement. To address these issues, the study employed a quantitative experimental design, using a quasi-experimental approach with an experimental group and a control group. The research involved a pre-test and post-test assessment to measure reading comprehension levels before and after the implementation of the Team Word-Webbing technique. The experimental group was taught using this technique, which involves organizing ideas visually to enhance understanding, while the control group received traditional instruction. The sample consisted of two classes selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using t-tests to compare outcomes. Results indicated that the Team Word-Webbing technique significantly improved reading comprehension compared to conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated higher post-test scores, with statistical analysis revealing a significant difference (p < 0.05). This suggests that Team Word-Webbing enhances students' ability to understand and retain reading material by facilitating better organization of ideas and active engagement. In conclusion, the study supports the effectiveness of Team Word-Webbing as an instructional strategy to improve reading comprehension. This technique not only aids in comprehension but also promotes active learning and student interaction, making it a valuable tool for educators aiming to enhance reading skills in the classroom.

mining activities are an important sector in the extractive industry which has the potential to make a significant economic contribution. However, in Gondang sub-district, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, C excavation mining activities also face challenges in terms of legal accountability. This research aims to analyze legal aspects related to the accountability of C excavation mining business actors in the area. The research methods used are literature studies and interviews with related parties, such as local government, business actors and the community. The research results show that there are a number of legal problems related to licensing, implementation of activities, and environmental impacts. Business actors often ignore legal obligations related to business permits, environmental protection and corporate social responsibility. The monitoring and law enforcement system at the local level also still experiences obstacles which result in a lack of effective sanctions for violations. Recommendations from this research include increasing coordination between relevant parties, implementing stricter environmental audits, and stricter law enforcement to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. With these steps, it is hoped that excavation C mining activities in Gondang District can take place sustainably and provide optimal benefits without harming the environment and society.

The activity of introducing the website as a medium for village information and promotion was carried out on August 24 2024 at the RW 01 Kalibaru Office Hall, targeting participants as residents of RW 01. Various objectives of this activity were the reason for this activity, but the main objective of this activity was to increase public awareness of the importance of promoting villages through digital platforms, especially in introducing the village's tourism, arts and cultural potential to a wider audience. Regarding the method used in this activity, the activity of introducing this website includes socialization, scanning barcodes to access the website, as well as extracting information related to village potential that is not widely known. Resource persons and moderators or guides involved in this activity include Panji Wijonarko M.Kom, Rohmad Dwi Cahya, Bimbang Agus Purnomo, Wawan Iswanto, Burhanudin, and Rasyan Akbar. As expected, the results of this activity show that village residents are able to accept and understand the importance of using websites as an effective promotional tool. As a result, this activity succeeded in introducing the concept of village promotion via the internet, which is expected to not only increase the number of tourists visiting, but also strengthen residents' awareness of the importance of digital promotion strategies in village development.

Galangal (Kaempferia galanga L) is a plant in the Zingiberaceae family. Galangal is known as a famous traditional medicine in ancient times, kencur is generally used as a medicine for sore throats. Galangal can also be used as a medicine for bloating which can be used by pounding it first or can be consumed directly by chewing. Galangal can be processed first into traditional herbal medicine (kencur rice), processing kencur into traditional herbal medicine itself requires several other additional ingredients, as for the processing method, the galangal rhizome and ginger are washed first, then ground until soft and smooth. Then roast the rice flour and cinnamon, and wash the cardamom and then mash it until smooth, then squeeze it and then extract the juice. Majakerta is a sub-district located in Majalaya sub-district, apart from Majakerta in Majalaya there are also several other sub-districts, namely Biru, Bojong, Majasetra, Neglasari, Padamulya, Padaulu, Sukamaju, Sukamukti, Wangisagara, Cipaku, Rajadesa, and Drawati.  

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish that is in great demand by the public because it has a thick meat texture and an affordable price. The problems faced in aquaculture activities are the high cost of feed and the length of cultivation time. Feed is a vital component in aquaculture activities, therefore feed efficiency is needed to minimize production costs. The addition of fermented moringa leaf extract in pellets is expected to accelerate the growth period. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of fermented moringa leaf extract on tilapia growth rate. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatments, namely the addition of moringa leaf extract to pellets with concentrations of 0%, 25%, 30%, 35%. The treatment was carried out for 28 days. Parameters observed in this study were fish growth including fish length, fish weight, survival rate (SR), food conversion rate (FCR) and water quality in the form of temperature, pH and DO. The data were analyzed using anova and SPSS application. The results showed that the addition of fermented moringa leaf extract with concentrations of 0%, 25%, 30% and 35% in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed for 28 days had a significant effect on tilapia growth.  

The Community Service Program, which is being carried out by KKN students from the National Development University "Veteran" East Java, aims to provide knowledge and practical skills to the community, particularly PKK mothers RW 03 Babatan Jati Village, Sidoarjo, in processing traditional medicinal plants, ginger, into high-value products, namely gummy candy. This session included a firsthand demonstration of the gummy candy-making process, with ginger extract as the key ingredient. The outcomes of this exercise demonstrated that the participants were quite enthusiastic, as seen by their active engagement in discussions and activities. The finished product was gummy candy with a unique ginger scent and a chewy texture, which is expected to generate new economic prospects in the local community. This initiative is also designed to increase community welfare and develop relationships between students and the local population.

Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Medina, Saudi Arabia, contains a high carbohydrate content. Dates are commonly recognized to be available in two forms: dried fruit that may be consumed directly and concentrated date juice. Concentrated date juice usually gives an unpleasant taste when consumed and requires a large container for storage. This study aims to formulate the effervescent granules using two combinations of acids, namely citric acid and malic acid as a source of acid and sodium bicarbonate as a source of base. The research process was began with macerating dates with 96% ethanol solvent and making a dry extract. Furthermore, effervescent granule preparations were made in three formulations with the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and acid (citric acid : malic acid) as follows: formulation I = 2.5: (2:1), formulation II = 3: (2:1), formulation III = 3.5: (2:1). The results showed that, each 5g serving size contained 84.41 g of carbohydrate in the form of effervescent granules. In formula I, the test results obtained were pH 4.82, water content 4.14%, flow speed 11.58 g/second, angle of repose 25.36o, and dispersion time 28.91 seconds. Then, in formula II, the test resultedin pH 5.27, water content 3.80%, flow speed 12.39 g/second, angle of repose 26.69o and dispersion time 26.19 seconds. Moreover, the test findings for formula III, were pH 5.76, water content 3.86%, flow speed 11.83 g/second, angle of repose 26.63o and dispersion time 29.55 seconds. The differences between acid and base concentration ratio in the three formulas above affect the physical properties of effervescent granule preparations, with formula II producing the best carbonation of the three.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative technology that makes our environment smarter, with IoT devices as an integral part of home automation. Smart home systems are becoming increasingly popular as an IoT service in the home that connects via a network. Due to the security weakness of many devices, the malware is targeting IoT devices. After being infected with malicious attacks on smart devices, they act like bots that the intruders can control. Machine learning methods can assist in improving the attack detection process for these devices. However, the irrelevant features raise the computation time as well as affect the detection accuracy in the processing with many features. We proposed a machine learning-based IoT security framework using feature correlation. The feature extraction scheme, one-hot feature encoding, correlation feature selection, and attack detection implement an active detection mechanism. The results show that the implemented framework is not only for effective detection but also for lightweight performance. The proposed system outperforms the results with the selected features, which have almost 100% detection accuracy. It is also approved that the proposed system using CART is more suitable in terms of processing time and detection accuracy.

Centella asiatica leaves contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are secondary metabolites. A sheet mask is a practical cosmetic facial treatment that does not require rinsing and is effective in moisturizing the skin. This study aims to determine the formulation of a sheet mask preparation. The ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves meets the physical quality evaluation criteria for the preparation. The experimental formulation method involves creating a sheet mask composed of various components including Centella asiatica leaf extract, glycerin, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, nipagin, 96% ethanol, fragrance (Green tea), aquadest, sheet mask base, and foil bag. The research includes the characterization of the raw material, phytochemical screening of the extract, and formulation into sheet masks with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, followed by moisturizing testing using a skin analyzer. The evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, physical stability, viscosity, pH value, irritation testing, and hedonic testing. The characterization results show a water content of 3.46%, water-soluble extract content of 31.38%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 11.96%, total ash content of 8.41%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 1.09%. Phytochemical screening results show positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The study indicates that the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica can be formulated into a homogeneous and stable sheet mask preparation. The pH of the preparation meets the requirement with a value of 4.5-6.5, which is relatively safe for facial skin. The preparation does not cause irritation, with viscosity testing meeting the requirement of 250-1150 cp. The moisturizing test shows that a 6% Centella asiatica extract concentration provides the best moisturizing effect, and the most preferred formulation is F3 with a preference percentage of 38.12%. The average moisture values are F0 (Blank) 25.64%, F1 (2%) 33.26%, F2 (4%) 39.18%, and F3 (6%) 38.12%. Overall, it can be concluded that Centella asiatica extract can be formulated into a sheet mask with effective moisturizing capability for the facial skin.  

Using lip balm is very easy to apply to the lips and lip balm can also moisturize and brighten the lips. Lip balm is resistant to body temperature, and is harmless and smooth when applied so that the lips are cared for and healthy. The anthocyanin contained in mulberry fruit has the potential to act as a purplish red natural dye depending on the presentation of the mulberry fruit extract used, which has the positive side of being an antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the formulation and stability of the lip balm preparation formula using mulberry fruit extract (Morus alba L.) as a natural coloring with an accelerated stability test using 4 cycles. Using this research method, material testing includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, melting point tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, spreadability tests, stability tests, and hedonic tests, as well as preparation irritation tests. Based on the results of research on making lip balm from mulberry fruit extract as a natural coloring, it can be formulated in lip balm preparations, however if 20% extract is used it can affect the physical properties of the lip balm preparation, neither the 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% formulas. irritation was found.

Jackfruit seeds contain several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. The jackfruit tree is a tropical plant commonly found in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine whether extracts from jackfruit seeds have antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity was tested using the discdiffusion method with concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%.The research results indicated that the diameter of the inhibition zone against Shigella dysenteriae at 10% concentration was 13.15 mm, at 15% concentration was 15.9 mm, and at 20% concentration was 19.08 mm. For Staphylococcus epidermidis, the inhibition zone diameters were 10.5 mm at 10% concentration, 13.1 mm at 15% concentration, and 13.7 mm at 20% concentration. The results demonstrated that as the concentration of ethanol extract from jackfruit seeds increased, the inhibition zones around the discs also increased. This was attributed to the varying volumes of ethanol extract present at each concentration level.It was found that the ethanol extract from jackfruit seeds exhibited strong inhibitory effects against both Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.

Dandruff is an anomalous state of the scalp one of the causes is the fungus Candida albicans. Ant nest (Mrymecodia pendens) is a natural material containing antifungal compounds namely flavanoid and tannin. The aim of this research is to make anti dandruff shampoo preparation form extract of ant nest (Myrmecodia pendens) with five variation concentration of 0%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5% and 3%. The results show that ant nest extract (Myrmecodia pendens) can be formulated as an anti-dandruff shampoo that meets requirements such as organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, high foam, and foam stability.  

Perennial rupture is an injury to the birth canal that occurs during the birth of a baby, whether using tools or not using tools. Perineal rupture is caused by parity, gestational spacing, maternal age, perineal stiffness, birth position. baby's weight, vacuum extraction, instrument trauma, episiotomy and wrong bowel movements. Perineal rupture if not treated immediately will cause bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between birth weight of babies and the incidence of perineal rupture in mothers giving birth in the Sei Langkai Community Health Center working area, Batam City in 2023. This research design used cross sectional, the sample taken in this study was 30 people. The processing technique uses the Fisher Exact Test. The data obtained from the results of statistical tests is p-value = 0.037. The conclusion of the research is that the characteristics of the mothers giving birth are mostly aged 20-35 years with most parity being multiparous. Most babies are born with a weight that is not at risk (< 4,000 gr). There is a relationship between the birth weight of the baby and the incidence of perineal rupture in the Sei Health Center Working Area. Langkai with a p-value of 0.037 so that the p-value < α (0.05). It is hoped that this research can be used as input and consideration in further research.

The problem that occurs to the customer service officer at the time of location is when the customer service officer handles passengers who come to ask for information related to the flight or a problem at the airport and so on. This research aims to find out how the effective kuminukasi strategy by customer service officers in improving service to passengers at PT. Angkasa Pura I at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport. This research was conducted in 2023 at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport using a qualitative method and the data collection was sourced from passengers experiencing communication problems. The next source comes from extracting data sources through online interviews with customer service officers about effective kuminukasi strategies for passengers, observations or direct observations on related objects. The results of research that has been carried out by researchers regarding how the effective form of communication of customer service officers in improving services to passengers related to flight information to passengers and others. In addition, there are also factors that can affect effective communication with passengers, namely knowledge, perception, emotional, and a Clear and Simple Language environment in terms of the use of easy-to-understand language and the avoidance of complex technical terms to ensure that all passengers can understand the information conveyed well.  

        Tribulus terrestris L.,Gokshur in Sanskt,  is an annual herbaceous, little prostrate, silky from the Zygophyllaceae family. It is found in extensive, arid, and scorching regions of India. is used in traditional folk medicines as an aphrodisiac, astringent, lithotriptic, diuretic, and urinary disinfectant.     however, uneven, pinnae, elliptical leaves. Sprinkled, round, compressed, five-cornered, transverse partitioned carpel fruits with many seeds ripen in July. Pieces of the cylindrical-fibrous root are 7-18 cm and 0.3-0.7 cm wide. According to reported studies, the investigations indicated the presence of the saponins ;gitogenin, tigogenin, neogitogenin, hecogenin, and flavonoid tribuloside was kaempferol-3-glucoside. Furthermore, Tribulus terrestris plays a vital role in hepatotoxicity and is greatly reduced by Tribulus extracts. Similarly, T.terrestris plays a remarkable role in reducing the elevated level of serum glucose, triglycerides, VLDL, and cholesterol. This study aims to conduct a preliminary analysis of the phytochemicals of Tribulus leaves cultivated in Iraq and to determine the active constituent of the ethanolic extract of the leaves using Gc-Mass. Qualitative detection of herbal leaves in Iraqi soil, investigated by GC-MASS revealed important constituents. The funding shows a new compound; dihydrocoumarin and other major constituents neophytadiene and alpha-tocopherol.

Determination of total flavonoid levels is calculated based on the linear regression equation based on the calibration curve of the quercetin standard solution from the reading results of the UV-Vis spectrophotometry tool. The absorbance value (ppm) is entered into the linear regression formula as the y value, while the x value is the concentration of flavonoids in the working sample solution. The results are stated in triplicate and the flavonoid content is stated with the equivalence of flavonoid standards using quercetin standard standards, qualitative and quantitative research methods to determine metabolite compounds and determination of levels using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Qualitative testing is carried out by taking a thick extract and adding reagents according to the identified compounds. Based on the results of the tests carried out, it shows that alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, tannin, and saponin compounds show positive results while quinone compounds show negative results. Quantitative testing From the results of this study, the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of itching leaves (Laportea stimulans) was 175.961%. Based on the results of qualitative tests, it shows that the ethanol extract of itchy leaves (Laportea stimulants) positively contains several compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins which are indicated by changes in color. Based on the results of quantitative tests, it shows that the determination of the content of 95% ethanol extract of itchy leaves (Laportea stimulants) spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 430 nm has an average total flavonoid content of 0.2999%.  

Caries is caused by microbial activity of a fermented carbohydrate. The results of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) state that the largest proportion of dental problems in Indonesia are damaged/cavities/sick teeth (45.3%). Preventive efforts gargling mouthwash contains antibacterial, long-term use has side effects, so we need herbal ingredients that have antibacterial properties, one of which is celery leaves. This study aims to prove the potential of celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) as a mouthwash ingredient in inhibiting the growth of caries-causing bacteria and being able to reduce the number of bacterial colonies compared to formulary controls without active ingredients. This type of research used laboratory and field experiments with pretest-posttest consisting of the intervention group of celery leaf extract mouthwash formulation concentrations of 30%, 15% and control formulary without active ingredients, the sample consisted of 39 people, the sample was rinsed for 1 minute. Saliva collection before and after gargling. The variables studied the inhibition of bacteria. The results of the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans bacteria carried out by the ANOVA test at a concentration of 15% showed a mean of 5 mm and a concentration of 30% with a mean of 6.2 mm with a p-value of 0.000 which means that there was a significant difference in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria, while the control had a mean of 0. 0 mm which means there is no resistance formed. The conclusion of this study is that giving celery leaf extract mouthwash Calculate the inhibition zone with a concentration of 15%, 30% being able to inhibit bacteria while the control has no inhibition on Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

The increasing use of conventional medical supplies has led to significant environmental challenges due to waste accumulation and the chemical exposure risks faced by healthcare workers. Despite ongoing efforts to adopt environmentally friendly materials, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that combine Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) with direct monitoring of worker exposure. This study aims to compare the environmental and health impacts of biodegradable versus conventional medical supplies by assessing their life-cycle stages, energy consumption, carbon footprint, and hazardous exposure risks. A novel comparative approach was adopted, integrating LCA to evaluate raw material extraction, production, usage, and disposal processes, alongside monitoring the occupational exposure to chemical residues from medical supplies. The results indicate that biodegradable medical supplies reduce environmental footprint by approximately 40%, lower energy consumption, and generate less waste compared to conventional plastics. Additionally, the study shows that biodegradable materials pose a significantly reduced risk of chemical exposure to healthcare workers, offering a safer alternative. However, biodegradable materials present limitations, such as availability, durability, and higher initial costs, which need to be addressed for widespread implementation. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating sustainable practices in healthcare settings, offering actionable insights for hospital management and regulatory bodies. Future research is recommended to further explore the cost-effectiveness of biodegradable materials, conduct large-scale trials, and investigate alternative material types. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on environmental sustainability and occupational safety in healthcare, providing a valuable framework for future policy and operational decisions.

Ekstraksi fitur, juga dikenal sebagai ekstraksi fitur, adalah proses mengubah data mentah menjadi representasi yang lebih ringkas dan berguna yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis atau pemodelan lebih lanjut. Ini dilakukan pada tahap preprocessing sebelum masuk ke tahap analisis atau pemodelan. Pewarnaan alami dari berbagai tanaman yang menghasilkan warna tanin setelah pencelupan dikumpulkan menjadi satu alur gradasi warna yang berkaitan dengan susunan derajat atau peningkatan, peralihan warna dari satu warna ke warna lain. Variasi dalam alur ini dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanaman, lama pencelupan, jenis fiksasi yang digunakan, jenis kain, dan lokasi tanaman yang dijadikan sampel.Metode ekstraksi fitur dengan Matriks Co-Occurrence Level Gray (GLCM) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi gradasi warna yang dihasilkan oleh pewarnaan pada daun Ketapang. Proses ekstraksi fitur tekstur dari gambar tanaman Ketapang menggunakan matriks GLCM digunakan untuk menganalisis dan memahami pola warna alami tanaman Ketapang di berbagai lokasi geografis. Untuk menggambarkan dan mengukur pola warna alami tanaman Ketapang, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) adalah representasi statistik dari distribusi spasial intensitas piksel dalam citra, yang mengukur frekuensi kemunculan pasangan intensitas piksel yang berdekatan dan memberikan informasi tentang tekstur citra

Pear skin contains flavonoids which have potential as antioxidants. Considering the existence of humans as social creatures, interacting with each other requires self-confidence to be well accepted. For this reason, humans need self-care to appear charming, attractive and full of self-confidence. Masks are a type of cosmetic treatment that is well known and widely used. The mask works deeply to remove dead horn cells on the skin. This research aimed to determine the potential antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of pear peel (Pyrus bretschneideri) which was formulated as a sheet mask preparation. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol to obtain pear peel extract. The antioxidant activity test method was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results obtained from the concentration of the sheet mask preparation of pear peel extract (Phyrus bretschneideri) were homogeneous and stable. The pH results obtained from F0 (5,1), F1 (5,4), F2 (5,5), F3 (5,6), are still within the safe range of facial skin pH. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the IC50 value for F1 was 84.58 ppm with intensity (Strong), F2 69.96 ppm with intensity (Strong), and F3 63.79 ppm with intensity (Strong).