Publication Search

Ikan asin adalah metode untuk pengawetan makanan menggunakan kombinasi penggaraman dan pengeringan matahari. Di kalangan masyarakat, pembuatan ikan asin banyak menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya seperti formalin. Penambahan bahan berbahaya mempengaruhi kualitas terutama keamanan. Makanan yang aman didefinisikan sebagai makanan yang terbebas dari cemaran biologi, kimia, mikrobiologi, yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan. Karbon aktif diduga bersifat polar yang mampu mengadsorpsi formalin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian karbon aktif dalam mengurangi cemaran formalin pada “jambal roti”. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk percobaan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial, dengan faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi karbon aktif 0, 3, dan 6% serta perlakuan kedua yaitu lama perebusan selama 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan “jambal roti” dengan penambahan formalin dan perebusan dengan karbon aktif kemudian dianalisis uji kadar formalin, NaCl, protein, dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kualitas jambal roti. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi karbon aktif dan lama perebusan maka semakin berkurangnya kadar formalin pada jambal roti. Hasil terbaik penelitian ini adalah karbon aktif 6% dan lama perebusan 15 menit. Menghasilkan formalin 3.21 ppm, NaCl 9.40%, protein 42.00%, dan air 30.02%. Kata kunci: Karbon Aktif, Formalin, Jambal Roti, Lama Perebusan. ABSTRACT                 Salted fish was a method for food preservation using combination of salting and sun drying. Among the people, the manufacture of salted fish use hazardous chemical material such as formaldehyde. The addition of hazardous substances affects the quality especially the safety. Safe food define as food that free from biological, chemical, microbiological contaminants that can affect health. Active carbon suspected to be polar which able to adsorb formaldehyde. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of active carbon in reducing formaldehyde in salted fish “jambal roti”. The research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, the first factor was the concentration of active carbon 0, 3, and 6% and the second was the boiling time (for 5, 10, and 15 min). This research was started from making “jambal roti” with the addition of formaldehyde and boiling with active carbon then analyzed for formaldehyde content, NaCl, protein, and moisture. The result showed that the concentration of active carbon and boiling time had a significant effect in quality salted fish “jambal roti”. The higher the concentration of active carbon and boiling time the more formaldehyde in “jambal roti” were removed. The best results of the research was 6% active carbon and 15 min of boiling time. Resulting 3.21 ppm of formaldehyde, 9.40% of NaCl, 42.00% of protein, and 30.02% of moisture. Keywords: Active Carbon, Formaldehyde, Jambal Roti, Boiling Time

Tempe merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi kedelai tradisional yang cukup terkenal, dengan menggunakan jamur Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempe mempunyai berbagai macam manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Demikian juga dengan bekatul beras merah yang memiliki berbagai nutrisi yaitu kandungan antioksidan dan serat yang tinggi, mengandung banyak mineral. Di kalangan masyarakat, bekatul beras merah belum banyak dimanfaatkan terutama sebagai produk olahan yang memiliki nilai fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik kimia dan sensori tempe kedelai yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah dan lama fermentasi, menentukan formulasi yang tepat dari tempe kedelai yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah dengan lama fermentasi sehingga diperoleh tempe dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan serat yang tinggi serta disukai konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah rasio kedelai dan bekatul beras merah (80:20; 70:30; 60;40), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lama fermentasi (24, 36, 48 jam). Penelitian dimulai dari pembuatan tempe yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar serat, dan analisis uji organoleptik meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, kekompakan, dan kesukaan keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian yang terbaik adalah pada rasio kedelai dan bekatul beras merah 60:40 dengan lama fermentasi 48 jam didasarkan pada hasil pengujian kimia antioksidan dan serat terbaik. Pada perlakuan ini dihasilkan kadar air 51,34%, kadar abu 8,90%, kadar protein 21,62%, aktivitas antioksidan 72,03%, dan kadar serat 23,44%, sedangkan untuk pengujian organoleptik yang meliputi warna 3,66(merah bata); aroma 3,24 (aroma bekatul beras merah kuat); rasa 3,54 (rasa bekatul beras merah sangat kuat); kekompakan 3,73(kekompakan tempe sangat kuat); dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3,35 (suka). Kata kunci: Tempe, bekatul beras merah, antioksidan, serat, lama fermentasi.ABSTRACTTempeh is one of the well-known traditional soybean fermentation products, using the mushroom Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempeh has a variety of health benefits. Moreover, red rice bran which has a variety of nutrients that contain antioxidants and high fiber, and contain lot of minerals. Among the people, red rice bran has not been widely used, especially as a processed product that has functional value. This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics and sensory of soybean tempeh fortified with red rice bran and fermentation duration, to determine the appropriate formulation of soybean fortified soybean rice bran with fermentation duration so that tempe is obtained with antioxidant activity and high fiber as well as consumer preference. This research was conducted using two factorials Completely Randomized Design (CRD) The first factor was the ratio of soybean and rice bran (80:20; 70:30; 60:40), while the second factor was the duration of fermentation (24, 36, 48 hours). The study began with the making of tempeh fortified with red rice bran and then analyzed for water content analysis, ash content, protein content, antioxidant activity, fiber content, organoleptic test analysis including color, taste, aroma, compactness, and overall preference. The best results was at the ratio of 60:40 soybean and rice bran with fermentation duration 48 hour based on the results of testing the best chemical antioxidants and fiber. At this treatment produced 51,34% water content, 8,90% ash content, 21,62% protein content 72,03% antioxidant activity, and 23,44% fiber content, while for organoleptic testing which includes the color of 3,66 (brick red); aroma 3,24 (strong red rice bran aroma); flavor 3,54(flavor red rice bran very strong); compactness 3,73(compactness of tempeh is very strong); and overall preference 3,35 (likes). Keywords: Tempeh, red rice bran, antioxidant, fiber, long fermentation.

Black garlic adalah produk fermentasi dari bawang putih yang dipanaskan dengan suhu antara 65 – 80ºC dan kelembapan 70 – 80% dari suhu kamar selama satu bulan. Black garlic  telah diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang cukup tinggi sehingga bisa menjadi produk baru dari jenis bawang putih yang berfungsi menghambat radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Menentukan jenis bawang yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi setelah melalui proes pemanasan black garlic. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap 2 faktorial, dengan faktor pertama adalah waktu perlakuan pemanasan dengan suhu 65-850C, selama 8 hari, 12 hari, 16 hari dan faktor kedua variasi jenis bawang, bawang garlic, bawang kating, bawang lanang. Analisis kimia yaitu aktivitas antioksidan, kadar air, total fenol, gula total dan uji sensoris yaitu tekstur lembut, rasa manis, rasa pahit, flavour bawang, after taste rasa pahit, serta kesukaan keseluruhan. Black garlic yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada perlakuan lama pemeraman 16 hari dengan variasi bawang garlic yaitu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan 69,87%, kadar air sebesar 19,61%, kadar total fenol sebesar 2,67%, kadar gula total sebesar 19,58%, dan dengan uji sensoris tekstur lembut memiliki nilai 2,80, rasa manis 1,96, rasa pahit 2,39, flavour bawang 2,25, serta after taste rasa pahit 1,96, hasil yang banyak disukai oleh konsumen yaitu pada perlakuan lama pemeraman 8 hari menggunakan variasi jenis bawang lanang dengan nilai 2,13.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, black garlic, bawang. ABSTRACT Black garlic to research this alleged to have antioxidant content a high so that it can become new product of a kind of garlic that serves hinder free radicals in the body. Determine kinds of onion that produces antioxidant activity higher after going through proes warming black garlic. This study design random use of complete two factorials, by a factor first long warming 65-850c, with the temperature treatment as long as 8, 12, 16 day and the second variation kinds of onion, onions garlic, onions kating, whole onions. Chemical analysis, the antioxidant activity, water level, total phenol, sugar total and the sensory a creamy texture, sweet taste, bitter taste, berlainan onions, after taste bitter, and the favorite. The yield black garlic of the study these that have the highest antioxidant activity obtained from old treatment being handed out warm 16 day with the variation of onions garlic having the same antioxidant activity 69,87% , the moisture content of as much as 19,61% , the nature of all that the total phenol as much as 2,67 % , the action of sugar the total as much as 19,58 % , and by test sensory a creamy texture having the value of the 2,80, a sweet taste 1,96 , a bitter taste 2,39 , flavour onions 2,25 , as well as after taste was a bitter taste 1,96 , a series of poor results much liked by the consumer such it will be on a treatment long warm 8 day employing variations kinds of whole onion with a value of up 2,13.Keywords: Antioxidant, black garlic, onions

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life

Roti mocaf merupakan  produk roti yang menggunakan  mocaf (modified cassava flour) sebagai substitusi  tepung terigu. Penggunaan mocaf  dimaksudkan sebagai salah satu diversifikasi pangan. Salah satu tahapan penting pada pembuatan roti ini adalah proofing. Proofing merupakan waktu istirahat yang diperlukan adonan untuk mengembang, yang dapat dilakukan dengan cara menutup dengan plastik atau dengan memberikan uap air dalam alat rak pengistirahatan. Penelitian pendahuluan telah dilakukan terhadap lama waktu proofing (10, 15  dan 20 menit) yang diperlukan hingga roti dapat mengembang sempurna. Dari penelitian pendahuluan didapatkan bahwa  proofing optimum dilakukan  selama 20 menit. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktorial, Faktor pertama penggunaan tepung mocaf sebesar 10 ; 20  dan 30 % , faktor  kedua adalah perlakuan  proofing, yaitu  menggunakan uap air  dan  menggunakan plastik.  Roti mocaf yang dihasilkan dilakukan pengujian terhadap warna, rasa,tektur dan kesukaan secara keseluruhan roti  baik menggunakan panelis maupun menggunakan alat. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan Anova dengan taraf perbedaan 5%. Apabila di antara perlakuan berbeda nyata maka pengujian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test  (DMRT).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa   perlakuan proofing dengan cara uap air  dan cara ditutup plastik  pada pembuatan roti mocaf tidak berbeda nyata pada rasa, tekstur, warna dan kesukaan secara keseluruhan baik secara uji inderawi maupun dengan menggunakan alat.Kata Kunci :  Roti mocaf ; proofing ;  cara uap air ABSTRACT Mocaf bread is a bread product that uses mocaf as a substitute for wheat flour. The use of mocaf is intended as one of food diversification. One of the important steps in making bread is proofing. Proofing is the time needed for the mixture to expand, which can be done by covering with plastic or by providing water vapor in the resting shelves.Preliminary research has been carried out on the length of proofing time (10, 15 and 20 minute), which was needed until the bread can expand perfectly. From preliminary research it was found that the optimum proofing was carried out for 20 minutes. This research was conducted using a randomized complete design with 2 factors,  first factor was  the  use of  mocaf flour with ratio of 10: 20 and 30 precent, second factor was proofing treatment, that was using water vapor method and using covering plastic method.Mocaf bread produced  was tested for color, taste, texture and overall preference for bread both using panelists and using equipment. Data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variances with significance of 5%. If there is a significance difference then it was analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).Results of research showed that proofing treatment by water vapor method and plastic cover did not significantly affect on taste, texture, color and overall preference of mocaf bread, as evaluated by sensory and physical test.   Keywords : Mocaf bread ; proofing ;  steam methode

The quality of health services shows the level of perfection of health services in creating a sense of satisfaction in patients.In this study, researchers used a purposive sampling type of research, namely sampling with special criteria, namely inclusion and exclusion criteria with a cross sectional approach, namely research that explores, analyzes and explains the relationship between the quality of health services and patient satisfaction at the Ridge Health Center. The data needed comes from filling out questionnaires by patients or families of patients seeking treatment at the Ridge Health Center.The sample in this study used 44 respondents who received treatment at the Ridge Health Center. And in this research, the instrument used was a questionnaire with a total of 40 questions.The results of this study show that there is a relationship between the quality of health services, reliability (0.038<0.05), assurance (0.000<0.05), tangibility (0.002<0.05), empathy (0.000<0.05), and responsiveness (0.000 <0.05) with patient satisfaction. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between the quality of health services (reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness) with patient satisfaction at the Ridge Community Health Center. The advice that researchers can give is that they can evaluate and improve management to improve the quality of service so that patient satisfaction is related to research results, namely the components of speed of administration, patient comfort as well as completeness of medical equipment and accuracy of information so that it is hoped that it can increase patient satisfaction.    

In the daily use of technology, humans cannot be separated from the internet as a need to exchange information. People at this time spend more time in front of computer screens, laptops, even smartphones to find out information, send data to some of their friends. One of the information that is often sought or sent is a file. Apart from that, image files are files that are much searched for and sent, and many also contain important information in them. Image file security is of course very important so that unauthorized parties do not hack or manipulate information from the image. There is a way to secure information so that it does not leak to unauthorized parties, namely by using cryptography and steganography. By combining these two methods, you can maintain the confidentiality and security of a file, especially image files. In this study the algorithm and method used is the AES cryptographic algorithm (Advanced Encryption Standard) 256 and the LSB (Least Significant Bit) steganography method. Data integrity needs to be tested to ensure that the encryption and decryption processes are running properly. Data integrity testing uses the SHA-1 method. Likewise, the image quality after insertion will experience a decrease in quality. To evaluate this, it is necessary to test using the PSNR method. From the results of data integrity testing by comparing the hash value of the decrypted image file with the original image file, there is no difference. So this shows that the encryption and decryption process was successful. While in testing using the PSNR method, the average PSNR value is 44.14086 dB and with an average error value of 2.830403 dB, which means there is a small decrease in quality. From the implementation and testing results, it can be concluded that the AES 256 cryptographic algorithm and the steganography method LSB can be implemented in maintaining the confidentiality and security of secret messages.    

Clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum. L) Is one of the plants known by the people in Bula village as a traditional medicine the leaves of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum folium) are often used as an alternative to cure stiff and rheumatic diseases such as causing pain due to excessive activity, so that it can be used as an active ingredient in making ointments The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical content of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum folium) from Bula village and to formulate a good and stable clove leaf ethanol extract ointment (Syzygium aromaticum folium) using a ratio of variations in the concentration of the Hydrocarbon Base. This research method is experimental which was carried out using a combination base of vaseline album: cera alba from three different formulations with a concentration ratio of F1 (76%: 10 %), F2 (71%: 15%), F3 (66%: 20%), each formulation contains 10% ethanol extract of clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum folium). Evaluation of ointment preparations was carried out after 1 week of storage; evaluation tests included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests and pH tests. The results showed that the ointment preparations F1 (76%: 10%) met the requirements for a good and stable ointment, while F2 (71%: 15%), and F3 (66%: 20%) did not meet the requirements for a good and stable ointment.

Nutmeg is known as a spice plant that has economic value and multipurpose because every part of the plant can be used in various industries. Compounds contained in nutmeg seeds include essential oils, a-pinene, b-pinene, limonene, myristicin, safrole, and methyl eugenol. Nutmeg plant nutritious as antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to make a formulation of rubbing oil and to determine the bacteriostatic activity of nutmeg seed oil on staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used three formulations, namely the provision of distilled water as a negative control, chloramphenicol as a positive control. The method used in this research is the well method. Bacteria that were incubated for 24 hours in the fastest concentration inhibition research were at 50% concentration because of bacterial growth which showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the inhibitory power and at 20% concentration the results were resistant, because the amount of solvent used was higher. low and can not inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Setiap orang yang sakit pasti sangat membutuhkan dukungan dari keluarga mereka agar bisa memotivasinya untuk sembuh, masih ada juga yang memiliki dukugan keluarga yang kurang tetapi dia memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan perawatan dirinya sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga, Pengetahuan, terhadap Perawatan Diri Penderita Kusta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasional dengan pendekatan Cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel diambil menggunakan tekhnik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 27 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden serta wawancara yang menggunakan metode cek list dan analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak keluarga yang mendukung maka akan semakin baik pula penderita kusta melakukan perawatan diri, dan semakin tinggi pengetahuan seseorang akan semakin baik pula sesseorang melakukan perawatan diri dengan hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p=0,05 (p<0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga, penegetahuan terhadap perawatan diri penderita kusta.

Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the number of MMR in 2020 reached 4,627 people. This number increased by 10.25% compared to 2019 of 4,197 people. The number of infant deaths in 2019 was 26,000 cases and increased by almost 40% to 44,000 cases in 2020. The Bumiayu Health Center, one of the auspices of the Brebes Regency in Central Java, contributed 2 cases of AKI and 5 cases of IMR in 2020. by conducting comprehensive midwifery care with a continuity of care approach which is carried out starting from the mother during pregnancy to family planning. Researchers implemented comprehensive midwifery care for pregnant women, childbirth, newborns, postpartum, and family planning using Varney and SOAP documentation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection uses interviews, observations, physical examinations, supporting examinations, documentation studies, and literature studies, as well as medical record documentation studies, the main informant is Mrs. W with 2 additional informants namely 1 coordinating midwife and 1 patient's family and 1 triangulation informant namely the head section of the brebes district health office. Based on the results of pregnancy, childbirth, newborns, postpartum, and family planning, there are problems in pregnancy, namely at 30+3 weeks of gestation with an Hb level of 10.4 g/dl in the category of mild anemia. There is no gap between theory and practice. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that comprehensive care for Mrs. W 25 years of gestation, psychological postpartum, physiological delivery, and physiological BBL. There is no gap between theory and practice.

Workload is the ability of the worker's body to accept the job. From the standpoint of ergonomics, every workload received must be appropriate and balanced against the physical and psychological ability. The good Response time for patients is <5 minutes. Handling of emergency is the whole act performed in emergency conditions that are effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship workload response time nurses with nurses in emergency departments of RSUD Bitung General Hospital. This study was descriptive and cross sectional study. Samples were taken based on the number of respondents as many as 31 nurses by using total sampling. The data collection is done by filling out the observation sheet and questionnaire. Furthermore, the data that has been collected processed with the aid statistics analyzed by chi square test with significance level is ? = 0.05. After the results, the value of p = 0.008, this may imply that there is a relationship between the workload of nurses response time. CONCLUSIONS of this study found that there is a relationship between nurses workload response time. Suggestions for the research was taking place is setting a good system including facilities and infrastructure in order to nurse response time can be improved.

Based on the results of observation, the learning method used in SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Kaliwungu is in the form of discourse, discussions, question and answer with the book media. Learning methods that have been applied so far have not had enough impact on students' level of understanding. The method used is less successful, so students feel bored and bored. This study offers a solution for multimedia utilization with the Mind Map method as an interesting learning media, where computers can display text, images, videos and audio so that students can have a pleasant impression in the learning process. The validity value of media experts is 2.9 which is declared feasible, while the validity value of material experts is 3.3, which is declared feasible, and increases students' understanding and interest as users from 58.5% up to 80.5%.

Tujuan  yang  ingin  di capai  pada penelitian  ini  adalah untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran materi PKn sub pokok bahasan Integrasi Bangsa dan Kebhinekaan  melalui penerapan model pembelajaran model Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas X Ps-2 Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 SMKN 7  Surakarta.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tindakan Kelas (PTK), data pada penelitian ini berupa data tentang prestasi belajar PKn yaitu hasil ulangan dan tes dalam materi sub pokok bahasan Integrasi Bangsa dan Kebhinekaan pada mata pelajaran PKn, dan data tentang penerapan Metoda Pembelajaran Problem Base Learning.  Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif komparatif dan analisis kritis. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil bahwa prestasi belajar siswa meningkat, yaitu pada kondisi awal dari 36 siswa terdapat 21 siswa  yang dinyatakan tuntas (58%) dan siswa yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 15 siswa (42% ) dengan rata-rata kelas sebesar 61,73.  Pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 27 siswa (75 %) dan siswa yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 9 siswa (25 %) dengan nilai rata-rata kelas yaitu 68,15. Pada siklus II semua siswa dinyatakan tuntas semua (100%) dengan rata-rata kelas sebesar 76,88.Kata kunci: Metode pembelajaran, Problem Based Learning, Prestasi belajar, PKn ABSTRACTThe aims of the study was: this Classroom Action Research (CAR) was to improve the success of students in learning civic education sub-subject Integrasi bangsa dan Kebinekaan through implementation of Problem-based learning to the students of class X Ps 2 in even semester of 2018/2019 Academic year SMKN 7 Surakarta. The method used in this research was Classroom action research (CAR), the data were learning outcomes of students in Civic education, such as result of exam and test of material sub-subject Integrasi Bangsa dan Kebinekaan in civic education, and data of Problem-based learning implementation. The technique of collecting data were observation and test. The technique of analysis data were descriptive comparative and critical analysis technique. Based on data analysis, it is obtained that students' learning outcomes were improved, that was in   initial condition from 36 students there are 21 students who are stated as completed (58%) and students who weren't completed consist of 15 students (42%) with class average score 61,73. in the cycle 1 students who were passed consist of 27 students (75%) and students who are not passed 9 students (25%) with class average score 68,15. in the cycle II all students were stated as all completed (100%) with class average score 76,88. Â

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran masyarakat dalam manguatkan pendidikan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan.2)Mengidentifikasi hambatan yang ditemui masyarakat dalam menguatkan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan bagi pendaki gunung lawu tahun 2019. 3)Untuk mengetahui pendekatan dan upaya yang digunakan masyarakat dalam menguatkan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan bagi pendaki gunung lawu tahun 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, sumber data menggunakan data primer maupun data sekunder. Subjek penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Desa Gondosuli Kecamatan Tawangmangu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: 1) Peran masyarakat dalam menguatkan pendidikan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan yaitu tokoh masyarakat Desa Gondosuli sudah menghimbau mendaki merupakan kegiatan untuk mengenal alam bebas sehingga menimbulkan rasa cinta kepada alam yang menjadikan mereka pantang berbuat kerusakan dengan presentase 42,86% sangat memahami dan 14,28% kurang memahami.2) Faktor-faktor yang hambatan  masyarakat dalam menguatkan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan bagi pendaki gunung lawu yaitu pendaki jail yang kurang sadar akan rasa tanggung jawab sesuai dalam kode*etik kepecinta alaman dengan presentase sebesar 42,86%, faktor ekonomi sebesar 28,57%, terbatas nya sumberdaya manusia dalam melaksanakan pengawasan secara langsung sebesar 28,57%.3)Upaya pendekatan yang digunakan masyarakat dalam menguatkan karakter tanggung jawab dan peduli lingkungan yaitu memberi dan menambah rambu-rambu peringatan, memperketat peraturan dalam pendakian, melakukan pengawasan rutin dengan besar presentase pemahaman sebesar 71,43% Sangat memahami dan 28,57% cukup memahami.Kata Kunci: Peran Masyarakat, Karakter Tanggung Jawab dan Peduli Lingkungan, Pendaki ABSTRACTThe research were aimed at: (1) to know how the role of community in strenghtening character of liability and care of environment in mountain climbing activity (2) identify obstacles that faced by community in strengthening character of liability and care of environment to lawu mountain climbers in 2019 (3) to know approach and efforts doing by community to strengthen character of liability and care of environment to lawu mountain climbers in 2019. The research method used wae qualitative descriptive, source of data used primary and secondary data. The subject og this research were people in gondosuli village tawangmangu subdistrict. The technique of collecting data used interview, observation, and documentation. Data validity technique used were source triangulation and method triangulation. The technique og analiysis data used was interactive analysis model. Based on finding, it can be concluded that (1) the role of community in strenghtening character of liability and care of environment from the public figure of gondosuli who has been explained that climbing in an activity to understand wild that initiate love feeling to nature which make them aware of doing damage with 42,86% in the level of very undwerstand, and 14,28% less of understanding. (2) The obstacles factor are ignorant climbers who are less aware og their liability based on the ethics regulation in 42,86%, economic factors 28,57%, limitation of human resources who directly supervise 28,57%. (3) efforts that has been done by community in strenghtening character of liability and care of environmentto lawu mountain climbers are giving and adding the warning signs, tightening climbing regulations, doing regular supervision with the level of understanding 71,43% very understanding and 28,57% qiute understand.Â

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan sosial dan komunikasi sosial dengan pengamalan sila Persatuan Indonesia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat pada anggota karang taruna di Desa Pulosari Kecamatan Kebakkramat Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anggota karang taruna di Desa Pulosari, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar, dengan jumlah total anggota aktif dari 11 karang taruna berjumlah 715 anggota. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah 70 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi product moment dan analisis korelasi ganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan: 1) Hasil analisis data mengenai hubungan antara lingkungan sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia diperoleh nilai r hitung yaitu rxy1 = 0,482 > r tabel = 0,235. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa: “Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara lingkungan sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia Karang Taruna di Desa Pulosari” terbukti kebenarannya. 2) Hasil analisis data mengenai hubungan antara komunikasi sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia diperoleh nilai r hitung yaitu rxy2 = 0,501 > r tabel = 0,235. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa: “Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan meyakinkan antara komunikasi sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia pada Karang Taruna di Desa Pulosari” terbukti kebenarannya. 3) Hasil analisis data mengenai hubungan antara lingkungan sosial dan komunikasi sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia diperoleh nilai F hitung yaitu = 30,500 > F tabel = 3,134, dengan demikian hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa : “Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara lingkungan sosial dan komunikasi sosial dengan pengamalan Sila Persatuan Indonesia pada Karang Taruna di Desa Pulosari” terbukti kebenarannya.Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Sosial, Komunikasi Sosial, Pengamalan Pancasila Sila Persatuan Indonesia ABSTRACTThe research aims at finding out the relationship between social environment and social communication with the implementation of 3rd Pancasila principle  “Persatuan Indonesia” on Karang Taruna at Pulosari Village, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. The method of research is correlational study. The population is the members of karang taruna at Pulosari village, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar who are 715 members of 11 karang taruna groups. The sample used is 70 people. The sample teachnique used is simple random sampling. The techniques in collecting data used questionnaire and documentation. The techniques in analyzing the data employed testing correlation product moment and double correlation analysis. Besed on the analysis, there are some conclusion: (1) the result of data analysis about the relationship social environment and social communication with the implementation of 3nd Pancasila principle obtained Fcount  rxy1 = 0,482 > r tabel = 0,235. Thus, the hypothesis stating that there is positive and significant correlation between social environment with the implementation of 3rd Pancasila principle “Persatuan Indonesia” on Karang Taruna at Pulosari village is evidently true. (2) the result of data analysis about the social communication with the  implementation of 3rd Pancasilsa principle “Persatuan Indonesia” obtained rcount that rxy2 = 0,501 > r tabel = 0,235. Thus the hypothesis stating that there is positive and convictive correlation between social communication with the implementation of 3rd Pancasila principle “Persatuan Indonesia” on karang taruna at Pulosari village is evidently true. (3) the result of data analysis about the relationship between social environment and social communication with the implementation of 3rd Pancasila principle “Persatuan Indonesia” on Karang Taruna at Pulosari village obtained fcount is 30.500 > Ftabel is 3.134; therefore the hypothesis stating that there is positive and significant relationship between social environment and social communication with the implementation of 3rd Pancasila principle “Persatuan Indonesia” on Karang Taruna at Pulosari village is evidently true.Â

Pada saat pembelajaran tematik PKn dalam konsep bangga sebagai anak Indonesia banyak sekali siswa kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Blora yang mendapatkan nilai yang kurang optimal. Dari hasil observasi, guru menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang kurang variatif sehingga kurang menunjang keaktifan siswa dan kurang fokus terhadap materi pelajaran. Oleh sebab itu, untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran, dengan menggunakan model problem based learning diharapkan membantu siswa dalam memperbaiki dan meningkatkan hasil belajarnya. Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi langkah-langkah dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran tematik PKn. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan di SD Muhammadiyah Blora dengan jumlah siswa 35. Hasil penelitian ini banyak mengalami peningkatan pada aktivitas dan hasil belajar.dari hasil obeservasi aktivitas siswa pada siklus I yaitu 57%, dengan kategori cukup dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 84%, dengan kategori Amat baik. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada pra siklus 36, siklus I 75,2, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 92, Sehingga dari hasil yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning pada pembelajaran tematik PKn pada konsep bangga telah berhasil dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa. Rekomendasi kepada guru sebagai acuan untuk menyusun RPP dalam meningkatkan kemampuan profesional dalam mengajarkan materi PKn bagi siswa di kelasnya, serta memperluas wawasan dan pengetahuan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran problem based learning, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, PKNABSTRACTAt the time of thematic civic learning in the concept of being proud as Indonesian children, there were many grade III students at SD Muhammadiyah Blora who received suboptimal grades. From the observations, the teacher uses learning methods that are less varied so that they do not support student activity and are less focused on subject matter. Therefore, to improve the learning process, using a problem based learning model is expected to help students improve and improve their learning outcomes. The specific purpose of this research is to identify the steps and improve student learning outcomes through the problem based learning model in the thematic learning of Civics. This type of research used was Classroom Action Research conducted at SD Muhammadiyah Blora with a total of 35 students. The results of this study experienced an increase in activity and learning outcomes. From the results of observation of student activity in the first cycle that was 57%, with enough categories and had increased in the second cycle to 84%, with a very good category. While the average value of student learning outcomes in pre-cycle 36, cycle I 75.2, and cycle II increased to 92, so that from the results it can be concluded that learning using the problem-based learning model of learning in the Civics thematic learning on the concept of pride has been successful with increasing student learning outcomes. Recommendations to teachers as a reference for developing lesson plans in improving professional abilities in teaching Civics material to students in their classrooms, as well as broadening teachers' insights and knowledge in applying problem based learning learning models.Â

All members of the Kelapa-Mas community work as palm-sugar-maker in Kliwonan, Banjarharjo, Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The community has been producing palm sugar for generations and selling it to traditional markets around the village. There is a possibility that the community product could be developed to get a wider market and would give a better economic impact on the community. Through the UKDW Service Learning program in 2019, the community has been assisted to increase the value of their palm-sugar product. This assistance is carried out in 4 stages, First: counseling of good and hygienic production processes according to P-IRT standards, Second: assistance to product branding and packaging, Third: counseling and initiation of product marketing through online/digital and offline media, in collaboration with retail stores, and Fourth:  assistance and initiation of an organization, in order to continuing the palm-sugar-maker community to operating and growth independently. The results obtained during the full one-month intensive mentoring period were: the better sugar products with clear & catchy branding, a wider offline marketing network through modern retail and online media, a business license for P-IRT, and a well-structured-organization for management of the Kelapa-Mas palm-sugar household industry community organization

Kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat didukung dari berbagai aspek. Selain pendidikan dan ekonomi, peran pangan merupakan sumber kebutuhan dalam mencukupi kebutuhan. Program pengabdian ini dimaksudkan mempunyai tujuan mengoptimalisasi pekarangan rumah warga masyarakat dengan penanaman pangan lokal disekitar pekarangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam program ini adalah Pendampingan dan Pemberdayaan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama satu bulan yang terdiri dari satu minggu pelatihan praktek dan tiga minggu pendampingan. Hasil dari program pengabdian ini adalah perolehan pemahaman dari masyarakat yang sebelaumnya belum tahu menjadi faham. Pendampingan yang dilakukan menghasilkan kebiasaan warga dalam menanam tumbuhan disekitar pekarangan rumah. Dari yang hanya dahulunya dibaiarkan kini telah digunakan sebagai sumber kebun terdekat dari dapur. Selain dari itu melalui pengabdian ini juga telah memaksimalkan warga dalam memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah dengan penanaman bahan obat dan jamu.

Metode Brainstorming dikenal juga dengan metode curah pendapat atau sumbang saran. Hanya saja brainstorming kali ini dialakukan dengan cara tertulis. Tidak secara lisan. Berbeda dengan diskusi, dimana gagasan dari seseorang dapat ditanggapi (didukung, dilengkapi, dikurangi, atau tidak disepakati) oleh peserta lain, pada penggunaan metode Brainstorming pendapat orang lain tidak untuk ditanggapi. Metode ini berdasarkan pendapat bahwa sekelompok manusia dapat mengajukan usul lebih banyak dari anggotanya masing-masing. Dalam metode ini disajikan sebuah soal. Lalu para peserta diajak untuk mengajukan _dea pa pun mengenai soal itu, tidak peduli seaneh apapun ide itu. Ide-ide yang aneh tidak ditolak secara apriori, tetapi dianalisis, disintesis dan dievaluasi. Boleh jadi pemecahan yang tidak terduga yang akhirnya muncul”. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Brainstorming adalah suatu bentuk diskusi dimana peserta didorong untuk menyatakan gagasan, pendapat, informasi, pengetahuan, pengalaman serta ide-ide mengenai suatu masalah tanpa adanya penilaian dari pesertalain. Hanya saja brainstorming yang dicoba dikenalkan adalah dengan cara tertulis. Tujuan penggunaan metode Brainstorming ialah “menguras habis segala sesuatu yang dipikirkan oleh peserta didik dalam menggapi masalah yang dilontarkan kepadanya”. Agar tujuan dalam penerapan metode Brainstorming dapat tercapai maka perlu adanya aturan yang diperhatikan. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar metode Brainstorming dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien sehingga tujuan yang diharapkan dapat terealisasi.