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Learners' lack of creativity, tendency to follow others' opinions in choosing or doing Catholic Religious Education assignments, results in suboptimal learning outcomes. This research aims to: 1) determine the achievement of learning outcomes in phase E at St. Francis Asisi Vocational High School Semarang, 2) determine the difference in students' learning achievement in PAK learning using the discovery learning model supported by E-LKPD, 3) determine the influence of students' creative aspect on learning achievement. This is a quantitative study with a One-Group Pre-test Post-test design in class X-1 using random sampling on 21 students. The P3 dimension designed in this research is creativity. The effectiveness of discovery learning model supported by E-LKPD was tested using one sample t-test, N-Gain test, and regression test.

Researchers conducted research at MTsN 4 Barat Pasaman which was motivated by the lack of enthusiasm for learning students and learning that was not optimal, the presence of students who did not concentrate on learning, did not understand in this latest learning, namely differentiated learning, some students felt burdened because they were used to being given material from teachers. The purpose of this study is to find out how students' perceptions of the implementation of learning differentiate in fiqh subjects. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were Class VII students at MTsN 4 Barat Pasaman. While the object of this study is the perception of students about the implementation of differentiated learning in class VII fiqh subjects at MTsN 4 Barat Pasaman. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation, while data analysis techniques use the Percentage formula and the mean formula. From the results of research and data analysis, the author can conclude that students' perceptions of differentiated learning in Fiqh subjects in MTsN 4 Barat Pasaman, reached a score of 887 with the category "agree" In differentiated learning there are content strategies and processes, students' perceptions of content differentiated learning with an average percentage of 80.5%. Learners' perceptions of learning are process differentiated with a percentage of 83.4%.

In the current globalized world, learning English is essential for teachers and students in Indonesia to develop effective teaching strategies. Engaging edducational media, like diorama, can increase students' comprehension and focus when learning English. This community outreach is being carried out at MI Fathul Jannah to promote the use of dioramas in English language instruction. The method that is used is called "Service Learning," which involves observation, execution, and assessment. This activity involves discussion and debate about family members as well as interactive activities like spelling bees, translation, and matching features. The results indicate an increase in the understanding of kosakata, teamwork, and self-awareness among the learners in English. Even if there are time constraints, using a diorama as an innovative and interactive teaching tool works very well. This exercise is intended to serve as a guide for teachers to adopt the method.

This article discusses the principle of justice in teaching and learning interactions (study of Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah Verse 8) and aims to find out the principle of justice in learning interactions according to Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 8 and the relevance of justice in teaching and learning interactions according to Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 8. Data is taken from books or scientific works related to the problems to be discussed in the form of tafsir, the Qur'an, education and justice. Tafsir tahlili is used to interpret the verses of the Qur'an by describing all aspects contained in the verses being interpreted and explaining the meanings included in it according to the expertise and tendency of the mufassir who interpreted the verses. Surah Al-Maidah verse 8 explains about a fair attitude in an effort to uphold the truth because of Allah SWT. In the educational process, educators have a very important role to provide teaching and learning to students. Learners deserve a proper education. Education that does not look at the social level that students have. As a mandate holder, educators are very responsible for educating their students fairly and thoroughly and educating as well as possible and paying attention to humanism values. Because later in time will be held accountable for his work.

The role of prosody and intonation in English phonology has significant implications for speech perception and production. These phonological processes influence how words are understood and articulated in English. Recent studies have shown that prosody and intonation play a crucial role in verbal communication. This article aims to investigate the importance of prosody and intonation in understanding and producing speech in English language learning intonation refers to the melodic pattern in speech that can change the meaning of a sentence. It is often used to convey emotions or to emphasize a message. On the other hand, prosody encompasses the patterns of pitch, stress, and duration in speech that impact word articulation and comprehension. Both work together to create accurate articulation and understanding of words in English this linguistic study underscores the importance of prosody and intonation in English language learning and elucidates how these two aspects influence speech perception and production. With a deep understanding of prosody and intonation, learners can enhance their ability to communicate in English more effectively and accurately.

Merdeka belajar is a concept of education that gives learners the freedom to learn according to their interests, talents, and abilities. This concept is in line with the Islamic view that learning is a duty and a need for every human being. In the Qur'an, the concept of merdeka belajar can be found in several verses, such as QS Al-Alaq verse 1-5 which commands humans to read and learn. This verse shows that learning is important and must be done by every human being. In the hadith, the concept of merdeka belajar can also be found. For example, in a hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari, the Prophet Muhammad PBUH said, "Seeking knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim." This hadith shows that learning is obligatory for every Muslim, both men and women. Based on the view of the Qur'an and hadith, merdeka belajar can be interpreted as the freedom of learners to learn according to their interests, talents, and abilities. This freedom must be balanced with the responsibility of learners to study hard and achieve maximum results

The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the evolution of education towards 21st-century learning in alignment with the Industry 4.0 era. Educators are confronted with three key aspects: life and career skills, learning and innovation, and information media and technology. They must continuously update their knowledge and skills to meet the needs of the millennial generation. Technology has become integral, influencing learners' cognition and skills. Pre-pandemic, educational institutions had leveraged technology, yet challenges regarding infrastructure and human resource readiness emerge in online learning implementation. Teachers need to be innovative in designing remote learning tailored to student needs, supported by adequate technology. Interactive online learning enhances student motivation. Learning media serves as a crucial link, aiding in achieving learning objectives. Specific challenges also arise concerning the curriculum, emphasizing the significance of educational philosophy. In the context of Christian education, integrating faith and knowledge and considering spirituality are vital to producing academically and morally competent alumni. Challenges faced by Christian education in Indonesia include declining numbers of schools and financial constraints, with potential risks to Christian identity. Initiatives such as the takeover of Christian schools offer solutions.

The availability of teaching materials can be one of the supporting factors for the success of the learning process. With teaching materials, students can study competencies in a sequential and systematic manner, allowing them to master all competencies thoroughly. One of the teaching materials used by students in the learning process is the module. Based on this, the development of learning modules is considered important for the success of the learning process. Therefore, this research aims to develop and expand the body of knowledge regarding learning module materials, enabling readers to gain a deeper understanding of learning modules. In this article, the author focuses on development objectives using a library research method, meaning the author seeks to deepen and broaden existing knowledge. A learning module is a specially designed teaching material that is systematic and includes instructions containing learning experiences by organizing subject matter, making it possible to be studied independently or with guidance, thus facilitating learners in their studies. Learning modules have several characteristics that are advantageous, including being self-instructional, self-contained, stand-alone, adaptive, and user-friendly. The development of teaching module materials analyzed by the researcher is essential to pursue, both in theoretical and practical studies, as the learning process is dynamic and must keep pace with the times.s.  

The purpose of this study was to find phonological errors that students make when they pronounce vowel diphthongs. Researchers also asked what type of vocal diphthong sound students most often said in tenth grade. Grade X students of the 2021/2022 school year are the subjects of this study. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach. Researchers randomly selected 60 samples from 395 individuals. The tool used is the English Vowel Diphthong word pronunciation test, which includes eight types of English vowel diphthongs with two focus words for each type. Furthermore, a voice recorder is employed to capture the students' pronunciation. Findings showed that students made 339 word mistakes. The pronunciation of X graders shows the most frequent types of vowel diphthong errors: Diphhongs [ɔʊ] with the focus word "although" experience 72% of total errors, Diphhongs [ʊə] with the focus word "during" experience 65% of total errors, and Diphhongs [aɪ] with the focus word "sacrifice" experience 61% of total errors.

This study examines the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into language learning and its effects on secondary school students' intercultural sensitivity, global perspectives, and critical thinking. As globalization expands, education systems must not only develop linguistic skills but also prepare students to engage with global challenges and diverse cultures. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, reflective journals, and classroom observations to assess how GCE influences students' understanding of global issues and cultural diversity. Results show that GCE integration significantly enhances students' intercultural sensitivity and global awareness, equipping them to navigate cross-cultural interactions. Students also demonstrated improved critical thinking skills, especially in analyzing global issues and engaging with intercultural viewpoints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning, such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), in fostering intercultural empathy and global citizenship skills. It suggests that language educators should integrate GCE themes to develop globally conscious and interculturally aware students. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of GCE on language learners and its application in various educational settings. By providing students with the tools to tackle global challenges, GCE can play a crucial role in shaping responsible, globally aware citizens.

The conventional type of paper that is still widely used by students to support the learning process in schools is printed modules. Even though digitalization such as ebooks is starting to be used by the public, printed modules are still used to simplify the teaching process in the classroom. The types of paper that are generally used do not all use environmentally friendly paper such as paper from palm oil shell waste processing, due to a lack of in-depth knowledge. This research is a qualitative research that uses interview methods with several students from three different skills programs at one of the Bandung City Agricultural Vocational Schools to measure knowledge about environmentally friendly paper. Participants were asked six questions related to the use of paper in schools, understanding of environmentally friendly paper, and knowledge about paper produced from processing palm oil shell waste. The results show that the majority of students do not know clearly about processing waste from palm oil shells into environmentally friendly paper, but the data shows that alternative types of environmentally friendly paper are needed to participate in preserving environmental welfare and improving economic aspects.

Digital literacy is becoming increasingly important in today's education, especially in developing student profiles that are independent, critical reasoning, and creative in the context of Pancasila. This study aims to describe the role of digital literacy in strengthening the profile of Pancasila students in these three dimensions. This research uses literature method to collect information from various related sources. The results showed that digital literacy has a significant role in strengthening and developing the profile of students who are independent, critical reasoning, and creative in the context of Pancasila. Digital literacy enables learners to access, evaluate, create, use information wisely, and communicate effectively through a variety of digital media. Thus, the integration of digital literacy in education can help strengthen the profile of Pancasila students in the independent, critical, and creative dimensions.

Self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence about performed accompanied task by the ability to complete the work that has been given. PKM can improve confidence education student to teaching in providing direct learning to learners. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that can increase self-efficacy of teaching in PKM courses. This research used a descriptive method with the research subjects of UNJ Social Studies Education Students class of 2020 who has attended the PKM course. UNJ Social Studies Education students have a moderate level of self-efficacy, which means that UNJ Social Studies Education students have the confidence to teach and are able to complete the task given during PKM. However, in the preparation process its implementation still has some shortage so that it can affect the self-efficacy of teaching. Influencing factors are (1) interest in becoming a teacher, (2) supporting courses, (3) implementation mechanisms, (4) sources of self-efficacy, Mastery Experience, Vicarious Experience, Social Persuasion, Physiological and Emotional State. Researchers can then use questionnaires so that the results obtained have definite numerical data so that self-efficacy can be measured properly.

This research is motivated by the lack of online moral and ethical awareness regarding the presence of technology in the lives of learners who were born and grew up alongside the digital era, synonymous with the development of science and technology. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the role of digital literacy in fostering awareness and morality among learners to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Digital literacy now holds crucial skills in the digital age, particularly in assisting learners to understand and manage information wisely. This research employs a literature review method, utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze the role of digital literacy in enhancing awareness and morality, focusing on a case study to draw conclusions. The research has yielded results indicating that effective digital literacy can aid learners in developing awareness and morality. SDGs 2030 represent an interconnected system with mutual influence. The researcher hopes that this study can offer new insights into the potential of digital literacy to strengthen moral and ethical values within educational curricula, aiming to achieve SDGs 2030.

This research is motivated by the lack of online moral and ethical awareness regarding the presence of technology in the lives of learners who were born and grew up alongside the digital era, synonymous with the development of science and technology. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the role of digital literacy in fostering awareness and morality among learners to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Digital literacy now holds crucial skills in the digital age, particularly in assisting learners to understand and manage information wisely. This research employs a literature review method, utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze the role of digital literacy in enhancing awareness and morality, focusing on a case study to draw conclusions. The research has yielded results indicating that effective digital literacy can aid learners in developing awareness and morality. SDGs 2030 represent an interconnected system with mutual influence. The researcher hopes that this study can offer new insights into the potential of digital literacy to strengthen moral and ethical values within educational curricula, aiming to achieve SDGs 2030.

This research investigates educators' ability to identify young children's learning preferences to facilitate personalized learning in early childhood education. Through this study, we explore the extent to which educators can recognize diverse learning styles and implement learning strategies that suit children's individual needs. This case study focuses on the implementation of an independent curriculum at Unesa 1 Labschool Kindergarten as a framework for analyzing educators' efforts to support differentiated learning for each child.

Scientific attitude is a very important attitude to be possessed by every student in following the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to examine the teaching method of the Lord Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitude of students. Through a qualitative approach with literature review techniques, the author examines in depth the method of teaching Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitudes of students. The results of this study found that to shape the scientific attitude of students, it is necessary to be guided by the teaching methods of the Lord Jesus, such as discovery and inquary methods, discussion methods, problem-based, and storytelling methods. Therefore, teachers of Christian religious education are required to always emulate the Lord Jesus and think creatively in shaping the scientific attitude of students in accordance with teaching conditions in the 21st century.

Bullying refers to deviant behavior that is often carried out consciously or unconsciously. Bullying is repeated aggressive and negative behavior towards someone with the aim of hurting him. Bullying is defined as negative actions carried out by a stronger party against a weaker party through the use or non-use of tools with the aim of creating physical and emotional pressure on the weaker party. The increase in bullying cases in schools shows how worrying the current condition of education in Indonesia is. The aim of this research is to find out whether bullying behavior has a significant influence on students' learning motivation and enthusiasm for learning. We hope this can help schools know how big the impact of bullying is at school and help victims overcome the problems and risks of bullying. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review or SRL method, namely selecting each journal or previous research and getting results in the form of references for models/ideas that will be developed in the future. The results of this research show that bullying has a big influence on students' learning motivation, this is characterized by not having the courage to participate actively in the learning process and showing low interest in lessons. Bullying behavior significantly affects elementary school students' learning motivation. Students who experience bullying tend to show lower levels of motivation, loss of interest in learning, and lack of confidence in their academic abilities.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.