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Alfira Ulfa; MF. Arrozi Adhikara; Erry Yudhya Mulyani

International Journal of Management and Digital Sciences 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Hospitals in DKI Jakarta continue to face service quality challenges, including long waiting times, fragmented information systems, and limited patient access to digital health technologies. Although digital transformation and digital literacy are expected to enhance service quality, the mediating role of patient experience remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the effects of digital transformation and digital literacy on service quality, with patient experience as a mediating variable. A quantitative explanatory design was applied using data from 200 outpatients. Measurements were based on validated indicators of digital transformation, digital literacy, patient experience, and service quality. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS was employed for analysis. The findings show that digital transformation significantly improves patient experience and service quality. Digital literacy positively affects patient experience but does not directly influence service quality. Patient experience fully mediates the relationship between digital literacy and service quality and partially mediates the effect of digital transformation. These results highlight the critical role of patient experience in translating digital capabilities into perceived service improvements. Hospitals are encouraged to strengthen digital transformation initiatives, enhance digital literacy support—especially for older adults—and design user-friendly digital services that facilitate communication and access. This study integrates the Technology Acceptance Model and Customer Experience Theory to provide empirical evidence on how digital-based interventions can advance hospital service quality.

Arlita Yunia Saputri; Syifa Yulianti; Nurlelah Nurlelah; Budiharjo Budiharjo

Konstruksi: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Perencanaan Tata Ruang dan Teknik Sipil 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate improvements in customer service quality with the goal of increasing customer satisfaction at Ratu D'Laundry. The approach used is quantitative with a descriptive methodology, where data is collected through a survey that measures five main aspects, namely service quality, process speed, price and promotions, customer service, and overall satisfaction and loyalty levels. The results of this study indicate that most customers are satisfied with the services provided, especially in terms of laundry cleanliness, clothing fragrance, and the friendly attitude of staff in providing services. These results show that these factors play an important role in shaping customers' positive perceptions of service quality. However, this study also found several complaints related to service completion time, which is considered to still need improvement. Overall, this study confirms previous findings that service quality has a significant impact on customer satisfaction. The proposed strategy to improve service completion time is a key step in building trust, meeting consumer expectations, and encouraging long-term customer loyalty.

Ridwan, Wawan; Adang Hambali; Hasan Basri; Dadan Nurul Haq; Meenu Sharma

International Journal of Islamic Educational Research 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidkan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The growing demand for integrated Islamic schools to deliver high-quality education that emphasizes both academic excellence and character development has encouraged the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) as a modern and relevant management approach. TQM is considered appropriate because it highlights continuous improvement, active involvement of all school members, and a strong focus on customer satisfaction within the educational context. This study aims to analyze the implementation of TQM in improving school quality at three integrated Islamic junior high schools: SMP IT Al-Khoiriyyah, SMP IT Nurul Islam, and SMP IT Baitul Anshor. The research employed a qualitative method using a multi-case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis involving principals, vice principals, teachers, educational staff, students, and parents. Data analysis followed the stages of reduction, presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that TQM implementation in all three schools followed four main stages: planning, organizing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. During planning, TQM principles were embedded in School Work Plans, the PDCA cycle was applied, and stakeholders were actively involved. Organizing focused on quality-based structures, clear task distribution, and teamwork. Implementation included quality-oriented learning, teacher development, extracurricular activities, and integrated Islamic programs, while monitoring involved supervision, internal audits, evaluation meetings, and feedback systems. Supporting factors included visionary leadership, Islamic work culture, and parental support, while challenges involved limited facilities, uneven teacher competencies, and heavy workloads.

Anggi Ismiyanti; Diana Puspita Sari; Nauroh Nazhiifah; Tata Sutabri

Repeater : Publikasi Teknik Informatika dan Jaringan 2025 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

The development of digital technology has brought about significant transformations in the global entertainment industry, including in Indonesia. One manifestation of this change is evident in the presence of streaming platforms like Netflix, which have altered consumer consumption patterns for audio-visual content. This study aims to analyze how Netflix Indonesia utilizes Business Intelligence (BI) and Knowledge Management (KM) to maintain and increase customer loyalty. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, collecting data from various scientific literature, industry reports, and relevant online sources. The results show that the implementation of BI enables Netflix to analyze user behavior, understand viewing preferences, and provide more personalized content recommendations. Meanwhile, KM plays a crucial role in internal knowledge management, content development, and service innovation. The synergy between BI and KM has been proven to support Netflix's strategy in improving user experience, retaining existing customers, and attracting new ones in the increasingly competitive Indonesian market.

Hesty Latifa Noor; Rahaju Muljo Wulandari; Lailathul Fitria Nandra

Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial dan Kemanusiaan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Hidayah Boyolali General Hospital (RSU) was established by the Yayasan Dua September Boyolali and began operating since September 2, 2011 as a medical center, then officially became a hospital in May 2012 through the Decree of the Head of the Investment and Integrated Licensing Service Agency of Boyolali Regency No. 503/002/30 of 2012. As a type D private hospital, RSU Hidayah Boyolali is committed to providing professional health services that are oriented towards customer satisfaction. In the face of fierce competition between hospitals, especially in the Boyolali area, RSU Hidayah seeks to develop an effective marketing strategy to increase the number of patient visits. This Community Service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of the hospital development team related to marketing strategies through the Hospital Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) approach. The solutions offered include education on CSR concepts and methods in hospital marketing, CSR implementation training, and assistance in developing strategies and user interfaces for customer data collection. The output of this activity includes the publication of the results of service in scientific journals, videos of online activities, increasing the knowledge and skills of the hospital development team, and integrating the results of the activities into the Hospital Marketing Management course. This activity is expected to be able to strengthen the ability of Hidayah Boyolali Hospital to compete and increase patient satisfaction and loyalty.

Fakhriani Ekawati; Yusup Indra Wijaya; Muharir Muharir

The advancement of digital technology has driven many service companies to transform toward faster, more efficient, and accurate systems. Himeji Express Banjarmasin, a company engaged in the field of goods delivery services, still faces challenges in data management and service processes that are mostly carried out manually. This condition leads to delays in shipment tracking, data entry errors, and limitations in report generation. To address these issues, a digital application was designed to optimize the delivery service processes at Himeji Express Banjarmasin. The application was developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) approach to model system requirements through use case, activity, sequence, and class diagrams. The implementation process utilized Sublime Text and XAMPP software, supported by an integrated database. The results show that the developed digital application can improve the effectiveness of managing customer, employee, pricing, cargo, and transaction data while generating automatic and real-time reports. This application enhances operational efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to customer needs at Himeji Express.

Ali Mahfud; Umar Taufiq Mahri

Jurnal Pajak dan Analisis Ekonomi Syariah 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the practice of price determination in the buffet system without price labels at Café Santiniketan, Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, Campus 4 Banyuwangi, from the perspective of mashlahah mursalah and Islamic economic principles. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Café Santiniketan has implemented the principles of fairness, honesty, and transparency in its transaction system. Payments are made before consumption to avoid elements of uncertainty (gharar), while pricing is based on the types of food selected and mutual consent (al-ridha). The buffet system provides flexibility for consumers to choose menu portions according to their needs. This practice aligns with the concept of mashlahah mursalah because it provides benefits for public interest and supports the economic independence of the pesantren community. However, challenges arise regarding the inconsistency between price and portion size, which has led to criticism from some customers. This condition highlights the need to improve price clarity to ensure compliance with the principle of fairness in Islamic economics. Overall, the implementation of the buying and selling system at Café Santiniketan has demonstrated good sharia-based economic practices, yet requires ongoing evaluation and development to ensure trust and customer satisfaction.

Alamsyah, Adelya Putri; Jamil, Muhammad; Aris, Valentino

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study aims to analyse the design and optimization of digital marketing to increase the brand awareness of the IdRink MSME through the integration of a website and Instagram. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), combined with prototyping techniques and evaluation through blackbox testing. Data were collected through interviews, literature review, observation, Google Analytics, Instagram Insight, and A/B testing questionnaires administered to 100 respondents. The results show that the development of a WordPress-based website and a structured Instagram content plan significantly improved IdRink’s digital performance. Within one month, the audience growth rate increased by 256%, average post reach reached 216%, and website traffic recorded 298 users. Brand awareness measurement indicated brand recognition of 74% and brand recall of 79%, higher than the comparison brand in the local beverage category. These findings indicate that integrating a website and Instagram as a digital marketing strategy is effective in moving IdRink from the unaware-of-brand stage to recognition and recall, expanding market reach, strengthening customer engagement, and building a more professional brand image among young urban consumers. The study recommends maintaining content consistency and utilising digital analytics to support future marketing decision-making.

Lucki Lucki; MF. Arrozi Adhikara; Rokiah Kusumapradja

International Journal of Management and Digital Sciences 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Introduction: Experiential marketing has become a growing trend in promotional activities by emphasizing personalization and active customer involvement. Preliminary observations indicate a decline in outpatient visits among patients with general insurance and non-JKN coverage in 2023, which may be influenced by a decrease in their intention to use outpatient services. This condition highlights the need for hospitals to implement experiential marketing strategies to enhance patient interest and experience. Objective: This study aims to empirically examine the influence of patient experience and service perception on the intention to use outpatient services, with Strategic Experiential Modules (SEMs) as an intervening variable. Methods: This quantitative research employs a causal design involving outpatient service users as the population. A non-probability sampling technique was used, yielding 249 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. Results: The findings reveal that patient experience and service perception simultaneously have a significant positive influence on the intention to use outpatient services through SEMs. Service perception directly shows a significant positive effect on both SEMs and intention to use outpatient services, while SEMs also significantly enhance usage intention. Service perception emerges as the dominant variable in increasing SEMs and usage intention, whereas patient experience has the weakest effect. Conclusion: Patient experience and service perception collectively influence the intention to use outpatient services with SEMs as an intervening variable. Strengthening Customer Relationship Management is essential by improving human resources and optimizing service asset.

Putri Khairani; Putri Khairani; Mashur Fadli

EBISNIS : JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI DAN BISNIS 2025 LPPM Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of green marketing and brand image on customer loyalty at Starbucks Coffee Living World Pekanbaru. The background of this study is based on increasing competition in the coffee industry, changes in consumer lifestyles that are increasingly environmentally conscious, and the importance of brand image in building long-term relationships with customers. The method used in this study is descriptive and quantitative. The number of samples in this study was 100 people with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, the results obtained are Green Marketing (X1) has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty (Y), Brand Image (X2) has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty (Y), and Green Marketing (X1) and Brand Image (X2) have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty (Y) at Starbucks Coffee Living World Pekanbaru

Rahayu, Nanda Sri; Wibowo, Indrajati

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study aims to analyze the strategies used by business actors in facing local market competition through Porter's Five Forces Model approach, which includes: the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of consumers, and the intensity of competition between competitors. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews with three categories of informants, namely business owners, employees, and consumers. Data analysis was conducted by identifying patterns, differences, and linkages between the strategies applied and aspects of Porter's Five Forces Model. The results showed that the main strendgth in local competition lies in the high intensity of competitors and the increasing number of alternative products offered. The integration strategy between online and offline marketing is proven to help dealers reach consumers more widely and build customer loyalty. The use of social media, digital promotions, and direct-to-consumer services such as exhibitions and local community partnerships are key to adaptation in the digital era. By understanding Porter's five aspects in depth, businesses can formulate strategies that are more adaptive, innovative, and highly competitive in the local market.

Muhammad Ilham Fauzi; Teuku Ahmad Yani; Muhammad Jafar

IJLS (International Journal of Law and Society) 2025 Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Qanun of Banda Aceh City Number 4 of 2022 emphasizes that the Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company of Drinking Water aims to provide fair and sustainable drinking water services. The legal relationship between the customer and the company is regulated through the Decree of the Board of Directors PEG Number. III/10/PDAM/2020. However, there are still many customers who are in default in the form of late payments that cause losses to the company and are contrary to Article 1243 of the Civil Code regarding the obligation of debtors to compensate for losses due to negligence. This study aims to analyze the default settings in the customer connection agreement at  the Tirta Taroy Regional Public Drinking Water Company  , identify the factors causing defaults, and explain the form of applying civil sanctions to customers who commit defaults. This study uses an empirical juridical method with qualitative descriptive analysis based on legal and field data. The results of the study show that the most dominant forms of default in customers of the Tirta Daroy Regional Drinking Water Public Company are late and arrears of payments, not paying at all and misuse of water connections. The main causative factors include economic conditions, administrative negligence, and intentional elements. Legally, this default causes financial losses and disrupts the sustainability of public services. Sanctions are applied in stages through notices, warnings, summonses, to fines, compensation, or disconnection. The Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company is advised to follow up on customer complaints, improve the billing system, adjust the sanction clause proportionately, and increase legal awareness through socialization.

Razin Auliaur Al-Asyraf; Siti Mujanah; Achmad Yanu Alifianto

International Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Management 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study investigates the structural relationships among Product Quality (PQ), Brand Image (BI), Word of Mouth (WOM), and Repurchase Intention (RI) to empirically understand the sequential mechanisms driving consumer loyalty in a highly competitive market. Grounded conceptually in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, the research posits that PQ acts as an external antecedent influencing RI through the mediating cognitive and behavioural constructs of BI and WOM. Data were collected from a sample of 187 Weber product consumers in Surabaya and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results confirm all hypothesized direct and indirect relationships. Specifically, PQ significantly and positively influences both BI (β=0.337, p<0.000) and WOM (β=0.351, p<0.000). Furthermore, both BI and WOM significantly predict RI, with WOM (β=0.498, p<0.000) demonstrating a markedly stronger effect compared to BI (β=0.414, p<0.000). The model successfully explains a moderate 57% of the variance in Repurchase Intention. These findings underscore the strategic imperative for management to prioritize superior product quality, which organically fosters a positive brand perception and stimulates potent word-of-mouth promotion identified as the most critical driver of repeated purchases. Future research is encouraged to integrate additional affective factors, such as customer satisfaction or perceived price fairness, to enhance the explanatory power of the consumer loyalty model.

Siti Ismatus Zahro; Fermy Anggelia Putri; Muhammad Fathurrobbani; Mu’allimin Mu’allimin

Dinamika Pembelajaran : Jurnal Pendidikan dan bahasa 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The quality of education is an important issue that requires an integrated and sustainable management system. One approach that is widely used is Total Quality Management (TQM), which focuses not only on achieving academic standards, but also on the satisfaction of all education stakeholders. Although many studies have discussed IQM, a synthesis is still needed to see how IQM has been applied over the past five years and its contribution to customer satisfaction in education. Therefore, the research questions asked are: (1) how has IQM research in education developed from 2020 to 2025, and (2) to what extent has it contributed to customer satisfaction in education? This article uses a qualitative method based on a literature review (LR). The search process was conducted through the Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases using the keywords “Integrated Quality Management in Education.” The search yielded 20 articles, which were filtered into 18 relevant articles and further analyzed into 5 main articles. The review results show three main themes: quality system planning and integration, quality culture-based managerial strategies, and quality assurance oriented towards stakeholder satisfaction. The conclusion confirms that IQM contributes significantly to improving quality and customer satisfaction in education. Further research is recommended to test the empirical relationship between IQM practices and stakeholder satisfaction at various levels of education.

Novika Nur Fitriana; Ismiati Ismiati; Pandu Kurniawan; Sulasih Sulasih

Jurnal Pajak dan Analisis Ekonomi Syariah 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to examine various factors that influence customers' engagement in choosing the Cicil Emas product as a form of long-term investment at Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. This research is based on the increasing trend of gold investment in the community caused by the increase in gold prices and awareness of the importance of halal investment according to sharia principles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. The results show that customer interest is influenced by several main factors, namely trust in sharia principles through the murabahah contract, a positive perception of gold as a stable investment asset, the ease of installment procedures that are flat and transparent, and the efficiency of the payment system through autodebit. In addition, social factors such as family recommendations and active promotions from the marketing department also strengthen customer interest. From the SWOT analysis, it was found that the main strength of this product lies in Bank Muamalat's reputation as a pioneering sharia bank and a stable installment system, while its main weaknesses are limited physical gold stocks and low public investment literacy. With increasing public awareness of sharia investment and the large market potential in Purwokerto, the Cicil Emas product has strong prospects for continued growth as a safe and Islamically-compliant long-term investment instrument.

Fressiska, Nanda Tri; Muttaqien, Zaenul; Mahaputra, Agung Pambudi

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of price, promotion, and location on customer satisfaction at The Daily Wash Laundry Kediri. This research employs a quantitative associative approach to examine the causal relationship among variables. The sample consists of 170 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26. The results show that price, promotion, and location each have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly influence customer satisfaction with a determination coefficient value of 0.908, indicating that 90.8% of customer satisfaction variation can be explained by these variables. These findings indicate that a combination of appropriate pricing, effective promotion, and strategic location significantly enhances customer satisfaction in the modern laundry service industry.

Ulhaq, Milza Eluiza; Muttaqien, Zaenul; Evasari, Aprilia Dian

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to analyze the influence of product innovation, brand image, and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Bromfiets Cafe Srengat Blitar. The research is motivated by the growing competition in the culinary industry, which requires businesses to continuously innovate, strengthen brand image, and improve service quality to retain customers. The research method employed a quantitative associative approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 121 respondents selected using the accidental sampling technique. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS version 25.0. The results show that product innovation, brand image, and service quality have a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on consumer purchasing decisions. The Adjusted R² value of 0.727 indicates that these three variables explain 72.7% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the remaining 27.3% is explained by other factors outside the research model. These findings highlight that the synergy between product innovation, brand image, and service quality is the key factor influencing purchasing decisions and sustaining competitive advantage in local culinary businesses.

Feby Mayola; Ade Budi Santoso

Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Administrasi Publik dan Kebijakan Negara 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

PT. Citilink Indonesia is a low-cost airline operating in both domestic and international markets. This study explores how the company utilizes Marketing Public Relations (MPR) strategies to promote its brand and services. The focus of this research is on the implementation of integrated marketing communication strategies—particularly through social media and event-based promotions—to build a positive brand image and increase customer loyalty. Previous studies have addressed similar topics, such as PT. KAI’s MPR strategies in digital service transformation and PT. JNE’s efforts to enhance customer satisfaction through MPR. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews and documentation. The findings reveal that Citilink’s MPR strategy adopts the Three Ways Strategy by Thomas L. Harris, which includes push, pull, and pass strategies. These are implemented through social media campaigns on platforms like Instagram, collaborations with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), and the organization of educational and entertainment events. The strategy has proven effective in enhancing audience engagement and expanding promotional reach amidst intense competition in the airline industry.

Maria F. Hostika Hangga; Gergorius Kopong Pati; Diana Reby Sabawaly

Neptunus: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Dan Teknologi Informasi 2025 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

Building materials sales are an important sector in the construction industry, which requires an efficient system to manage transactions, inventory, and customer relationships. In an effort to improve the performance and efficiency of the sales process, this study proposes the implementation of a building material sales system using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method at Toko Merah Delima. The RAD method was chosen for its ability to speed up the application development process with an iterative approach that involves direct user feedback. This research aims to design and implement a system that can automate the sales process, monitor stock of goods, and produce reports that can be accessed easily. The developed system includes integrated sales transaction management features, stock management, and sales reports. The results of the implementation of this system show increased efficiency in the management of transactions and stock of goods, as well as making it easier to monitor sales reports in real-time. By using the RAD method, this system can be developed in a shorter time and more in accordance with the operational needs of the store. This research is expected to contribute to the development of information systems for the building materials trading industry.

Luthfiatul Zahra; Abdul Sani; Fauzianor Fauzianor

Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The development of Islamic banking in Indonesia has introduced the murabahah contract as one of the most dominant financing products. However, in practice, this contract often gives rise to legal disputes, particularly due to default by customers who fail to fulfill their payment obligations in accordance with the agreement. This study focuses on the Palangka Raya Religious Court Decision Number 1/Pdt.GS/2024/PA.PLK, which is noteworthy because, although the substance of the claim has a strong legal basis, it was deemed inadmissible due to a formal defect in the special power of attorney. The aim of this research is to analyze how substantive aspects related to default in murabahah contracts and procedural aspects concerning the mechanism of simplified lawsuits, as well as the validity of a special power of attorney, can affect dispute resolution.This article employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, encompassing legislation, conceptual analysis, and case studies. Primary data were obtained from court decisions, while secondary data were drawn from legal regulations and literature studies. The study shows that substantively, the defendant was proven to be in default for failing to fulfill payment obligations under the murabahah contract, giving the plaintiff a strong legal basis to file a claim. However, procedurally, the lawsuit was inadmissible because the submitted special power of attorney did not meet formal requirements, rendering the plaintiff’s legal representative unauthorized to act on their behalf. The implications of these findings indicate that the success of resolving Islamic banking disputes is not solely determined by the strength of the claim’s substance, but also heavily depends on compliance with the applicable civil procedural laws. Therefore, fulfilling procedural requirements is a crucial factor in ensuring the effectiveness of dispute resolution in Islamic banking.