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The pharmaceutical industry operates under a strict regulatory framework to ensure that the products produced are safe, of high quality, and effective. These regulations are continuously updated to keep up with advancements in science, technological developments, and global demands for higher quality standards. The pharmaceutical industry also faces the challenge of global regulatory harmonization, such as standards set by WHO and PIC/S. These regulations are designed to ensure drug quality from development to distribution. Changes in Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations are crucial for improving pharmaceutical production quality in Indonesia. This study aims to conduct a gap analysis between the 2018 GMP and the draft 2024 GMP Annex 1, particularly in terms of equipment, supporting facilities, and personnel. The method used is a comparative analysis by comparing the provisions of the 2018 GMP with the draft 2024 GMP. The gap analysis results between the 2018 GMP and the draft 2024 GMP Annex 1 in terms of equipment, supporting facilities, personnel, and sterile product completion indicate significant changes in the adopted standards. The proposed 2024 GMP revision introduces substantial improvements in sterile product manufacturing standards. As part of efforts to enhance global competitiveness, the Indonesian pharmaceutical industry must continue to adapt to dynamic technological and regulatory changes. By implementing various strategies—including substantial investments in modern equipment, adjustments to supporting facilities, and capacity building for personnel—the Indonesian pharmaceutical industry can meet global standards while ensuring the availability of safe, high-quality, and effective sterile products for the public.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the effectiveness of the implementation of the Revenue and Expenditure Budget policy and the implications of the implementation of the Regional Budget and Expenditure policy in Lumajang Regency. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that regional financial policies in Lumajang Regency, especially the policy of increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD), are inseparable from the Central Government's policies in the framework of financial relations between the Central and Regional Governments. Meanwhile, the Lumajang Regency Government's policies to increase Regional Original Revenue (PAD/Pendapatan Asli Daerah) include: Digitalization to increase the efficiency and transparency of financial management, Adjustment of regional taxes and levies, Re-collection of taxpayers, Cooperation with the private sector and NGOs in the management and collection of regional taxes and Improvement of regional tax management management. The model of the implementation of the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) policy implementation model in Lumajang Regency is Top Down. The Government of Lumajang Regency, East Java is committed to continuing to encourage an increase in Regional Original Revenue (PAD). The contribution of Lumajang Regency's PAD in 2024 compared to the APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daeerah) structure only reaches 16 percent, so that to meet the needs of the expenditure budget in the APBD budgeting structure, it still depends on transfer funds, To reduce dependence on transfer funds, the government is optimizing regional tax revenues, especially from the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). The implication is that to increase regional tax and levy revenues, efforts are needed to increase production and business capacity in the regions. Increasing production capacity and business activities is an important factor to increase regional tax and levy revenues. In addition, it is also necessary to increase the capacity of regional tax administration as one of the requirements to increase tax capacity and effort in the regions (taxable capacity and tax effort).

The results showed that the management of Islamic boarding schools in shaping the character of students at the Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School had gone quite well with careful planning with quite ideal and realistic targets. Management functions that include planning, organizing, implementing and supervising have been applied regarding the formation of students with character. As for the management of extra activities and environmental management in shaping the character of students, they still need further improvement. Among the obstacles encountered in the field are the lack of supervision of teachers who live in boarding schools so that the effectiveness in supervision is low, the lack of local learning, the capacity of the students' rooms are overloaded, and the lack of concern for students' parents for the advancement of education. However, these obstacles can be overcome in many ways, including: solid cooperation, deliberation and consensus building and building awareness among educators to advance education. While the character of the students who stand out and want to be improved through education management include; discipline, independence and responsibility  

This study aims to analyze the Influence of Principal's Visionary Leadership, Teacher Commitment, and School Culture on the Work Productivity of State Junior High School Teachers. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design. The research sample consisted of randomly selected State Junior High School teachers in Kayuagung City District with a total of 151 respondents. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the analysis showed that the visionary leadership of the principal had a positive and significant influence on the teacher's work productivity with a correlation value of 0.243 with a relationship percentage of 24.3% or close to 25%, while 75% was determined by other factors not mentioned in this study. In addition, teacher commitment and school culture have also been proven to significantly contribute to increasing work productivity. These findings underscore the importance of the role of school principals as visionary leaders in creating a supportive work environment, increasing teachers' professional commitment, and building a positive school culture to achieve optimal work outcomes. The implications of this study provide recommendations for education policy makers to strengthen the leadership capacity of school principals and build a conducive school culture.

One of the important steps to improve transparency, effectiveness, and accountability in village governance is the digitalization of village assets. This program aims to use digital tools to improve asset management, make data access easier, and help improve decision-making processes. The focus of this study is to support the digitalization of village assets through the creation and implementation of the Smart Village website in Mondoretno Village, Bulu District, Temanggung Regency. The mentoring strategy includes four steps, namely Digital village asset inventory, Collaboration with third parties, Promoting to the community, and Capacity building through feedback. The results of the mentoring show a significant increase in data organization, ease of access, and the ability of village officials to use digital platforms. In addition, the Smart Village website functions as a center for information and administrative activities. This website helps build a more sophisticated and connected village governance system. This study found that digital technology in village asset management is not only possible, but also effective in addressing the problems faced by rural communities. The success of the program in Mondoretno Village provides a model that can be used by other villages that want to change their lives to the computer and internet era.

Sukasetia Village in Cihaurbeuti District has great potential to develop into a sustainable agrotourism destination. This study focuses on identifying strategic approaches to develop agrotourism in the Sukapulang area by employing a participatory method involving local communities as active stakeholders. The research adopts qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and descriptive analysis. Results indicate that agrotourism development can provide significant economic benefits, such as creating alternative income sources and preserving local culture and traditions. Furthermore, it enhances community engagement and promotes sustainable tourism practices aligned with global trends. Despite its potential, challenges remain, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to information, and insufficient promotional strategies. The study recommends improving infrastructure, enhancing digital promotion, and implementing capacity-building programs to empower local communities. These strategies aim to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness for the agrotourism initiative. The findings suggest that with collaborative efforts involving local stakeholders, government, and private sectors, Sukasetia Village can serve as a model for community-based sustainable tourism development in rural areas, contributing positively to the region's economic and social growth.

Work stress is a common phenomenon in various organizations and significantly impacts employee well-being and productivity. This study aims to understand the dynamics of work stress experienced by employees at the Social Services Department of Klaten, including its causes, effects, and management strategies. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through interviews and observations of five informants. The results indicate that the primary causes of work stress include ineffective communication, high workloads, limited human resources, and pressure from tight deadlines. The effects of work stress manifest in decreased productivity, physical and mental health issues, and strained social relationships. Employees adopt various coping strategies, such as seeking entertainment, isolating themselves, or relying on social support. The organization has implemented programs like capacity building, but additional policies are needed to enhance employee well-being. This study recommends improving communication, optimizing human resources, and implementing more effective stress management programs to create a healthier and more productive work environment.

The challenges faced by families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps are exacerbated by the unique context of displacement. In Nigeria, the ongoing humanitarian crisis due to conflicts, natural disasters, and other socio-political factors has led to a significant increase in the number of IDPs, with many seeking refuge in camps across the South East and North Central regions. The study adopted a descriptive survey design to explore challenges faced by families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in IDP camps in South East and North Central Nigeria. A sample of 80 participants was drawn using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire, capturing demographic details and relevant challenges. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, variance, and harmonic mean, were used to summarize findings, while hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Among 80 participants, most caregivers were younger than 35 years (67.5%) and unemployed (46.3%). Financial, emotional, and social challenges varied by caregivers’ age and camp duration. Families staying over 12 months reported higher financial challenges (mean = 18.67, SD = 3.98). Emotional challenges were highest for parents aged 46+ years staying 3 months (mean = 21.67). Social challenges followed similar patterns. ANOVA results showed no significant differences in challenges across groups, emphasizing universal difficulties faced by families. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions, including increased awareness campaigns, capacity-building programs for caregivers, and improved access to essential services such as therapy, education, and mental health support within IDP camps.

Social changes and lifestyles of the elderly and children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage are very different from before living in the orphanage and after living in the orphanage. The purpose of this study was to see the extent of social changes and lifestyles of the elderly and children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage. The method used in this study is capacity building which aims to increase individual or group understanding of the problems they face while equipping them with ways to overcome them independently. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the knowledge of the elderly about cholesterol and hypertension. Before the intervention, 40% of the elderly still did not understand the impact of cholesterol and hypertension. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in children's knowledge about healthy lifestyles. As many as 30% of children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage still did not understand what a healthy lifestyle was.

The provision of legal aid is a fundamental right for every citizen, as regulated in Law No. 16/2011 on Legal Aid. However, the limited number of advocates in rural areas such as Deme Dua and Bubalango Villages makes access to justice for the poor difficult. MOLHR Regulation No. 1/2018 recognizes the role of paralegals in assisting the provision of legal aid, both litigation and non-litigation. This research aims to increase the capacity of paralegals to play a more effective role in helping communities access justice. The research method used was a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and case study-based training. The results showed that improving paralegals' legal understanding and advocacy skills contributed significantly to expanding access to legal aid in the region. In conclusion, strengthening the capacity of paralegals can be an alternative solution in overcoming the limitations of legal services in rural areas.

The increasing digitization of maritime operations has introduced significant cybersecurity risks, particularly in port operations and shipping companies that rely heavily on integrated information systems. This study aims to assess the level of cybersecurity preparedness in the maritime sector by evaluating the existing strategies, vulnerabilities, and risk mitigation measures in Indonesian ports and maritime shipping firms. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining surveys distributed to IT and operational personnel with in-depth interviews involving cybersecurity experts and port management. The findings reveal varying levels of awareness and readiness, with larger ports and international shipping companies demonstrating more advanced cybersecurity frameworks compared to smaller, regional operators. Key gaps were identified in incident response protocols, employee training, and system resilience. The results highlight the urgent need for regulatory alignment, capacity building, and investment in cybersecurity infrastructure to safeguard critical maritime assets and ensure operational continuity. This research provides practical insights for policymakers, port authorities, and maritime stakeholders to develop a standardized and proactive approach to cybersecurity in the maritime domain.

The issue of limited employment access for persons with disabilities is a strategic concern that demands serious attention, particularly in Medan City. Unit Layanan Disabilitas (ULD) under the Department of Manpower of Medan City was established as a government initiative to support persons with disabilities in obtaining equal employment rights. ULD has demonstrated positive initiatives through skills training, coordination with companies, and the placement of workers with disabilities. However, its effectiveness in realizing inclusive employment still faces various internal challenges, such as limited personnel capacity and suboptimal work structure. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The data was analyzed qualitatively usingInstitutional Capacity Development indicators proposed by Merilee S. Grindle (1997), which include three dimensions: Human Resource Development, Organizational Strengthening, and Institutional Reform. The results of this study indicate thatthat in the dimension of human resource development, some ULD members have not received adequate training, there are no specialized assistants, and the recruitment process is not yet based on specific competencies. In terms of organizational strengthening, unclear division of tasks, weak internal communication systems, and suboptimal leadership in directing cross-sectoral teamwork were identified. Meanwhile, in the institutional reform dimension, there is still a lack of concrete policy support from the local government. Nevertheless, ULD has successfully facilitated the employment of 42 persons with disabilities in companies that provide inclusive job opportunities to fulfill the 1% employment quota for persons with disabilities

Building agreement and influencing public opinion need effective communication. As a means of expressing ideas, language creates emotions that are used for political advantages during an electoral campaign. Human existence and the maintenance of connections depend on communication, a complex process. In actuality, human interactions are lubricated by this substance. Despite its importance, communication has two sides and can be applied either favorably or unfavorably. From the standpoint of its capacity for complexity, Boulton (2019, p. 41) pointed to the negative social intent of language. She also noted that language is frequently employed to deceive rather than to communicate. Human existence and the maintenance of connections depend on communication, a complex process. In actuality, human interactions are lubricated by this substance. Despite its importance, communication has two sides and can be applied either favorably or unfavorably. According to Boulton (1978, p. 41), from the standpoint of language's capacity for complexity to the detrimental societal intent of language. She also noted that language is frequently employed to deceive rather than to communicate. Therefore, this discourse examines how the political advertisement "See who wants to be President of Nigeria" exposed ignorance and ineptitude as unacceptable in a moral and democratic society such as Nigeria. It is a political communication activity that uses word choice and language as a means of rejecting a candidate in the April 2015 Nigerian presidential election.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public policy implementation in realizing responsive public services with a literature review approach. The focus of the study is directed at conceptual understanding of the dimensions of policy effectiveness, the characteristics of responsive public services, the relationship between policy and service quality, and implementation challenges in the field. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies from various theoretical and empirical sources. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of implementation is highly correlated with the quality of public services, where factors such as resources, inter-agency coordination, and community involvement are the main keys to success. Bureaucratic reform strategies, capacity building of apparatus, and open and adaptive governance are needed to realize public services that truly answer the needs of the community.

Education plays a strategic role as a tool for social transformation capable of shaping individual character, addressing social inequality, and driving societal change. In the Indonesian context, character education has become a central issue in building a generation that is faithful, pious, morally upright, and responsible in accordance with the values of Pancasila. Through a holistic approach, character education integrates spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and social aspects to create quality individuals. Furthermore, learning methods that involve role modeling, habituation, and community participation emphasize the importance of collaboration between schools, families, and communities. As an agent of change, education also aims to create a knowledge-based society where science, innovation, and problem-solving serve as key pillars. Through lifelong learning, problem-based learning, and collaborative approaches, education provides space for the development of human potential relevant to global challenges. However, challenges such as educational disparities, curriculum relevance, and teacher capacity remain obstacles that need to be addressed through inclusive policies, continuous training, and improvements in educational infrastructure. By adopting an integrated approach, education can serve as a solid foundation for building a just, inclusive, and adaptive society in response to social changes.

Sharia cooperatives are Sharia-based economic institutions that play a strategic role in empowering the economy of the Muslim community. By adhering to principles such as the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), as well as implementing profit-sharing systems (mudharabah or musharakah), Sharia cooperatives provide a fair, transparent, and inclusive alternative to support economic activities in society. These cooperatives aim not only to achieve financial gains but also to fulfill social missions, such as poverty alleviation, equitable welfare distribution, and holistic improvement of the community’s quality of life. Various products and services offered—such as Sharia savings, halal financing, and Sharia-compliant investments—provide financial solutions that align with Islamic values and meet societal needs. Nevertheless, the implementation of Sharia cooperatives faces several challenges, including limited public understanding, competition with conventional financial institutions, and constraints in human resources and capital. Through public education, capacity building for cooperative managers, and comprehensive government policy support, Sharia cooperatives hold great potential to become a key instrument in fostering a more just, equitable, and sustainable economy. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating Sharia values into cooperative management to ensure its contribution to the sustained welfare of the community.

Increasing the capacity and sustainability of water resources are major challenges in reservoir management, especially in areas that are highly dependent on water resources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. The Sier Reservoir, which plays a vital role in providing water to the surrounding area, has experienced a decline in capacity due to sedimentation, uncontrolled flow, and changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change This study aims to identify optimization efforts that can increase the capacity of the sier reservoir and ensure the sustainability of its water resource management. The methodology used in this study includes literature studies, field observations, surveys, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and quantitative data analysis. The results of the study indicate that technical measures such as sedimentation cleaning, infrastructure improvements, and the implementation of technology-based monitoring systems can increase reservoir capacity.

This socialization activity aims to increase the understanding of tourism managers on the banks of the Musi River in Palembang regarding ecotourism service standards based on local wisdom. The material presented included the basic concept of sustainable ecotourism, tourism service standards, the application of local wisdom in service, and case studies of the successful implementation of local culture-based ecotourism. The implementation method consists of seminars, interactive training, and group discussions that involve direct simulations in the application of tourism services. The evaluation was carried out through pre-test and post-test which showed a significant improvement in the understanding of participants after participating in the activity. Monitoring is carried out by observing the active participation of participants during the activity. The results of the activity showed that participants were able to understand the importance of implementing ecotourism service standards by prioritizing local wisdom as the main attraction. This activity has a positive impact in improving the quality of tourism services in the area. The resulting recommendations include the need for further assistance activities to ensure sustainable implementation and capacity building for tourism managers in a sustainable manner.

. This study aims to analyze the role of educational supervision conducted by the education office in improving the performance of school principals at SMP Islam Terpadu At Tarbiyah Nagrak. The research method employed is qualitative with a case study approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that educational supervision has a significant impact on the performance of school principals through managerial capacity building, monitoring of educational program implementation, and performance evaluation. The integration of Islamic values in supervision also strengthens the character of school principals as role models in applying Islamic values in the school environment. However, this study identifies several challenges, such as time constraints for supervision and a lack of understanding among supervisors regarding the context of integrated Islamic education. Recommendations include increasing the frequency and quality of supervision, providing special training for supervisors, and developing technical guidance for supervision based on Islamic values. This research is expected to contribute to the development of educational policies and supervisory practices in Islamic-based schools in Indonesia.    

Pekon Kampung Baru is a pekon with the majority of people having livelihoods as farmers, so that the community's economy only relies on agricultural products to meet their needs. Pekon Kampung Baru has tourism potential in the form of a waterfall that can be managed so that it becomes a competitive tourism to attract tourists and have an impact on improving the economy of the Pekon Kampung Baru community with a planned and structured management pattern so that the potential utilised can develop optimally. In this study the authors used methods of collecting, processing, and analysing data with the type of research that is qualitative. The data collection includes interviews, observation, and documentation. The process of community economic empowerment through the management of the Way Lalaan waterfall tourist attraction, there are several stages in it, namely the capacity building stage, and enrichment. the conclusion of managing the Way Lalaan waterfall tourist attraction through the Way Lalaan Tourism Awareness Group is carried out with the following four stages, namely: Capacity Building, Institutional Strengthening, and Provision of Economic Business Facilities.