Assessment of Maritime Cybersecurity Preparedness in Port Operations and Shipping Companies

The increasing digitization of maritime operations has introduced significant cybersecurity risks, particularly in port operations and shipping companies that rely heavily on integrated information systems. This study aims to assess the level of cybersecurity preparedness in the maritime sector by evaluating the existing strategies, vulnerabilities, and risk mitigation measures in Indonesian ports and maritime shipping firms. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining surveys distributed to IT and operational personnel with in-depth interviews involving cybersecurity experts and port management. The findings reveal varying levels of awareness and readiness, with larger ports and international shipping companies demonstrating more advanced cybersecurity frameworks compared to smaller, regional operators. Key gaps were identified in incident response protocols, employee training, and system resilience. The results highlight the urgent need for regulatory alignment, capacity building, and investment in cybersecurity infrastructure to safeguard critical maritime assets and ensure operational continuity. This research provides practical insights for policymakers, port authorities, and maritime stakeholders to develop a standardized and proactive approach to cybersecurity in the maritime domain.