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This study aims to determine and analyze service waiting times, identify the root causes of long queues, and develop a strategy to improve service performance at the 5361137-gas station (SPBU) at the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Rest Area. The research method used is a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. This study combines quantitative analysis using Queuing Theory to measure system performance (arrival rates and service times) and descriptive qualitative analysis using a Fishbone Diagram. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and g-form techniques. The results indicate that the current queuing system performance is in a critical or severe condition, indicated by a server utilization rate of 0.94 to 1.02 during peak hours. The average time spent by vehicles in the system is 14.3 minutes, of which 9.6 minutes (67%) is spent waiting in the queue. Fishbone diagram analysis revealed that the root cause of the main problem lies in the complex interaction of factors: Machine factors (EDC signal failure and pump repair downtime), Human and Method factors (implementation of static shifts and reactive maintenance), and Environmental factors (narrow layouts that hinder large vehicle maneuvers). As a solution, this study formulated a hybrid improvement strategy that includes short-term business process engineering (the use of Floating Staff and lane segregation) and long-term investment in additional pumps to change the queuing model from Single Channel to Dual Channel. This strategy is expected to reduce the utility level to a safe zone below 0.80 with a target waiting time of 3–5 minutes.

Traditional arts in Indonesia face a growing threat not from physical displacement, but from algorithmic distortion. This study examines how social media algorithms shape and distort public perception of Indonesian traditional arts — specifically jaranan and barongan — through the lens of Van Dijck's (2013) popularity principle: the principle that content distribution is determined by interaction volume rather than cultural value. Employing qualitative thematic content analysis, this study analyzes comments on five viral social media videos sourced from YouTube and TikTok, each depicting riots or tension at traditional art performances. Findings demonstrate that the popularity principle operates consistently and cumulatively across all five samples: algorithmically provocative titles, emotional polarization in comment sections, and micro-behavioral signals such as watch duration and replay collectively function as interaction signals that drive the platform to distribute riot content far more widely than culturally substantive footage. The consequences extend beyond perception: event organizers suffer long-term reputational and economic damage, while collective stereotypes — associating jaranan with violence and disorder — become sufficiently entrenched to surface spontaneously in unrelated contexts. A comparative analysis of a Kangen Band concert video reveals that these stereotypes have already achieved the status of cultural reference points. This study argues that strategic resistance is possible: the same algorithmic logic that amplifies negative content can be deployed to circulate culturally rich content, provided that artists, communities, and government commit to producing content designed to generate high-quality interaction. The challenge is to transform social media from a distorting mirror into an instrument of cultural preservation.

This study aims to explore the communication styles and experiences of healthcare workers in enhancing public service communication skills at Petir Community Health Center (Puskesmas Petir) in Tangerang City. Effective communication is a crucial factor in the quality of healthcare services for patients; however, various challenges such as time constraints, differences in patients’ backgrounds, and work pressure often hinder optimal interactions. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis to uncover the experiences, perceptions, and practices of healthcare workers in communicating with patients and the community. The findings indicate that communication skills are improved through internal training, peer mentoring, and the adaptation of communication strategies to match patient characteristics. Additionally, personal motivation, managerial support, and a conducive work environment play significant roles in the successful implementation of communication strategies. The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of public service communication practices within the community health center context and serve as a basis for recommendations in developing training programs and policies to enhance the quality of interactions between healthcare workers and the community.

Background: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, affecting children’s growth, development, and long-term health outcomes (Sari, 2020). Early childhood stunting can lead to cognitive delays, poor school performance, reduced productivity in adulthood, and increased risk of chronic diseases (Hapsari & Wulandari, 2019). Understanding the interaction of demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors is essential to reduce stunting prevalence and improve child health outcomes (Yuliani, 2019). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of stunting among children attending the Sagerat Public Health Center in Bitung City. Methods: A quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Thirty children were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria such as age under five years and available anthropometric data. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to examine the relationship between these factors and stunting incidence, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis showed that 30 children (100%) in the study were at risk of stunting based on height-for-age measurements, with 20 children (90%) confirmed as stunted and 10 children (10%) having normal height. These results suggest that maternal education, socioeconomic status, nutrition, and access to healthcare are strongly associated with stunting in this population. Conclusion: Factors such as maternal education, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and access to healthcare significantly influence the incidence of stunting among children at the Sagerat Public Health Center. Comprehensive community-based programs are recommended to reduce stunting prevalence and improve long-term health outcomes for children.

The development of social media as part of digital technology has significantly transformed patterns of social interaction among adolescents in Indonesia. Social media no longer functions solely as a medium for communication and self-expression, but also as a social space that influences behavioral formation, including deviant and criminal behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media on juvenile criminal behavior from a criminological perspective, with particular attention to social learning processes and the weakening of social control in digital environments. This research employs a qualitative method using a literature study approach by examining scientific journals, official reports, and statistical data related to social media use and adolescent behavior. The findings indicate that high intensity of social media use, exposure to negative content, and the normalization of aggressive behavior in digital spaces contribute to increased vulnerability of adolescents to criminal behaviors such as cyberbullying, online aggression, and other forms of deviance. Within the framework of Social Learning Theory, social media serves as a medium for behavioral learning through mechanisms of observation, imitation, and social reinforcement, while Social Control Theory highlights how weak supervision by families and educational institutions amplifies the risk of deviant behavior. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of preventive, non-penal approaches through strengthening social control, improving digital literacy, and enhancing the active role of families and schools to minimize the risk of juvenile criminal behavior in the digital era.

This study examines the dynamics of Data Driven Policy implementation in Indonesia, which faces a disconnect between the ambitions of digital regulation and the reality of execution on the ground. Using a qualitative approach with the Three Lenses of Evidence-Based Policy analysis framework (Head, 2008), this study examines the interaction between scientific evidence, political considerations, and professional practices in government data governance. The results show that although legal infrastructure such as Satu Data Indonesia (SDI) has been established, its effectiveness is hampered by structural barriers: the dominance of sectoral egos and a culture of intuitive decision-making (political lens), as well as a mix of digital talent and resistance from a paternalistic bureaucratic culture (practical lens). These findings confirm that data fragmentation and cybersecurity incidents are not simply technical failures, but rather systemic governance failures. Therefore, this study recommends a “soft reform” strategy that integrates the enforcement of technical standards, budget incentive mechanisms, and digital leadership transformation to align data validity with the political realities of the bureaucracy.

This study aims to examine the influence of product innovation, digital marketing, and business networking on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with customer engagement positioned as a mediating variable. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, thirty Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2025 were analysed to synthesise theoretical and empirical insights related to SME competitiveness in contemporary digital and urban business environments. The findings indicate that product innovation, digital marketing, and business networking each play a significant role in strengthening SME competitiveness, particularly within markets characterised by rapid technological change. Customer engagement emerges as a critical mediating mechanism that connects these strategic variables to sustainable competitive advantage. It enhances the impact of innovative and digital strategies by fostering stronger emotional, behavioural, and participative interactions between SMEs and their customers. The review also highlights that SMEs adopting integrated digital management practices, such as the utilisation of human-resource information systems (HRIS) and data-driven decision-making tend to demonstrate greater adaptability, market responsiveness, and long-term performance. The study contributes theoretically by integrating resource-based and dynamic capability perspectives, offering a holistic understanding of how digital and relational capabilities interact to elevate competitiveness. Practically, the findings provide strategic guidance for policymakers, SME managers, and practitioners in designing innovation-oriented and digitally enabled initiatives that support sustainable SME growth in the digital era.

This study examines the role of digital church music as a medium for evangelism and discipleship within the digital ecosystem. It employs a mixed methods approach using a sequential explanatory design, in which quantitative data collection is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were gathered through an online survey of at least 200 respondents to measure the intensity of digital worship music consumption, perceived gospel understanding, faith reflection, and spiritual engagement. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15–20 key informants and digital content analysis of worship songs, service videos, and social media interactions. The findings indicate that digital church music contributes to strengthening gospel understanding, encouraging faith reflection, and expanding discipleship practices through online spaces. A moderate positive correlation between music consumption intensity and spiritual engagement suggests that music functions as a contextual medium for faith formation. This study highlights the importance of adaptive theological and pastoral strategies for church music ministry in the digital era.

L House is a house design that is shaped like the letter "L". This distinctive configuration offers flexibility in spatial arrangement and creates an interesting interaction between interior and exterior areas. L House by 022Studio is a work that combines modern aesthetics with traditional values and sustainability. Through a descriptive criticism method involving interviews with architects, literature studies, and analysis of design elements, this study aims to reveal the strengths and challenges in the application of modern design in a tropical context. L House successfully integrates space with nature through the use of local materials, flexible spatial layouts, and building orientations that optimize natural lighting and ventilation. In addition, this design also makes a significant contribution to the development of modern architecture in Indonesia by demonstrating that modern buildings can be adapted to local cultural and environmental contexts. L House is a good example of sustainable architecture that can inspire similar projects in the future.

Constructivism learning theory places learners as active subjects in constructing knowledge through learning experiences, social interactions, and reflection on their surroundings. This approach views learning not as a passive process of receiving information, but as an active process of constructing meaning based on the prior knowledge possessed by learners. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the development and definition of constructivist learning theory, its main principles and characteristics, and its implications in the learning process, particularly in the context of primary education. The writing method used is a literature study by analyzing various literature sources in the form of textbooks, scientific journal articles, and other relevant references related to constructivism theory. The results of the study show that constructivist learning emphasizes learner-centered learning, where knowledge is not transferred directly by the teacher but is constructed through a process of assimilation and accommodation. In this approach, teachers act as facilitators who design a conducive learning environment so that students are able to build understanding independently and through social interaction. The application of constructivist learning has been proven to encourage the development of critical thinking, problem solving, cooperation, and meaningful learning. Therefore, constructivist learning theory is relevant to be applied in modern learning as an effort to improve the quality of the learning process and outcomes of students.

The rapid development of digital technology has increased the intensity of social media use among adolescents, particularly Instagram, leading to a decline in social interaction, low emotional regulation, and an increased tendency toward addictive behavior. Within the context of guidance and counseling, art possesses therapeutic potential, enabling students to express themselves and manage digital behaviors more adaptively. This study is a literature review analyzing seven selected scientific articles regarding the utilization of art in group counseling services. The analysis was conducted through data extraction of article characteristics, including research design, instruments, findings, and implications. The results indicate that art plays a significant role in supporting group dynamics, enhancing emotional regulation, and providing alternative activities capable of diverting students' attention from excessive Instagram use. Structured art activities also facilitate the development of self-awareness and self-control, thereby reducing the frequency of Instagram usage. These findings suggest that art-assisted group counseling is an effective and relevant strategy for guidance and counseling teachers to implement in addressing digital challenges within the school environment.

The normal flora of chickens refers to the microbial communities that naturally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and body surfaces of chickens, playing a crucial role in health, digestion, and immunity. This community consists of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus, which assist in feed fermentation, vitamin synthesis, and inhibition of pathogenic growth. Additionally, the normal flora may include potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter, which can cause diseases if microbial balance is disrupted. The diversity and balance of the microbiota are influenced by various abiotic factors, including feed quality, access to clean water, ambient temperature, humidity, and environmental hygiene. Biotic factors, such as microbial interactions, rearing systems, and contact with other animals, also play a significant role in determining microbial composition. Several studies have shown that the use of feed additives, such as probiotics and phytogenics, can enhance populations of beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Extensive rearing systems, which provide chickens with more space and exposure to natural environments, tend to increase microbiota diversity compared to semi-intensive systems with more restricted conditions. Understanding these factors is essential for developing effective health management strategies and optimizing safe and sustainable poultry production.

Measurement learning is a fundamental and applicable mathematical topic in everyday life, but it often causes learning difficulties for students, especially in understanding the meaning of units, relationships between quantities, and the conceptual measurement process. These difficulties are not only caused by students' limited cognitive abilities, but also by learning designs that do not fully facilitate social interaction and student learning development. This study aims to reconstruct the contextual didactic design in measurement learning by reviewing the role of social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in the student learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of Didactic Design Research (DDR). The research stages include analysis of the initial didactic situation to identify student learning barriers, implementation of contextual didactic design in measurement learning, and retrospective analysis of student responses as a basis for reconstructing the didactic design. Data were collected through learning observations, analysis of student work results, interviews, and learning documentation. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by examining social interaction patterns, forms of scaffolding, and student movements in the Zone of Proximal Development. The results of this study indicate that understanding of measurement concepts develops through social interactions between students and between students and teachers within a meaningful learning context. Social interactions and scaffolding provided gradually can encourage students to move from actual abilities to potential abilities within the Zone of Proximal Development. Retrospective analysis indicates that reconstruction of the didactic design is necessary to refine the learning context, activity sequence, and scaffolding strategies to better align with students' learning characteristics. The reconstruction of the didactic design can reduce learning barriers and improve the quality of students' conceptual understanding in measurement learning. This research provides theoretical contributions to the study of social constructivism-based mathematics education and provides practical implications for teachers in designing measurement learning that is more responsive to social interactions and student learning development.

The integration of artificial intelligence chatbots as virtual teaching assistants (VTAs) represents a transformative shift in student support services within higher education. This study investigates the implementation, effectiveness, and impact of AI-powered chatbots in providing academic support, administrative assistance, and personalized guidance to university students. Employing a longitudinal mixed-methods approach over 18 months, this research analyzed data from 2,347 students across 15 universities that deployed VTA systems, examining interaction patterns, student satisfaction, learning outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Quantitative analysis of 487,392 chatbot interactions revealed that VTAs successfully handled 78.4% of student queries without human intervention, with response times averaging 3.2 seconds compared to 4.7 hours for traditional support channels. Qualitative findings from focus groups and interviews highlighted students' appreciation for 24/7 availability, immediate responses, and non-judgmental interactions, while also revealing concerns about empathy limitations, complex query handling, and the desire for human connection in critical situations. The study demonstrates that VTAs significantly improve support service accessibility and efficiency while reducing operational costs by an average of 43%. However, optimal implementation requires careful integration with human support staff, continuous training of AI systems, and attention to equity issues in digital access. This research contributes to understanding how AI can augment rather than replace human educators, offering evidence-based recommendations for implementing VTA systems that enhance student success while maintaining the human elements essential to quality education.

Heritage language loss among immigrant and diaspora communities represents a critical challenge to cultural identity, intergenerational communication, and cognitive diversity. Traditional heritage language maintenance approaches face significant barriers including limited resources, lack of qualified instructors, geographic dispersion, and competing demands of dominant language acquisition. This study investigates the effectiveness of bilingual digital story applications as innovative tools for heritage language maintenance among children aged 4-12 years. Through a 24-month longitudinal mixed-methods study involving 1,843 families across eight language communities (Spanish, Mandarin, Arabic, Korean, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Hindi, and Polish), we examined language proficiency development, cultural identity formation, family engagement patterns, and app usage behaviors. Quantitative analysis of pre- and post-intervention language assessments revealed statistically significant improvements in heritage language vocabulary (effect size d=0.68), listening comprehension (d=0.54), and oral production (d=0.47) among children using bilingual story apps for at least 20 minutes daily. Qualitative findings from parent interviews and child focus groups highlighted the apps' role in making heritage language learning enjoyable, facilitating parent-child interaction, connecting children to cultural narratives, and normalizing bilingualism. However, effectiveness varied substantially based on app design features, with interactive elements, culturally authentic content, parent involvement scaffolds, and adaptive difficulty showing strongest associations with outcomes. This research demonstrates that thoughtfully designed bilingual story apps can serve as accessible, scalable tools for heritage language maintenance, though they function most effectively as complements to rather than substitutes for rich home language environments and community connections. The study contributes empirical evidence to inform app development, family language planning, and policies supporting linguistic diversity in increasingly globalized societies.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has provided new opportunities to enhance the quality of learning, particularly in elementary science education. One form of AI utilization is chatbots, which function as interactive learning media capable of encouraging students’ active participation. In science learning, questioning behavior is an important indicator of students’ cognitive engagement; however, many elementary school students tend to be passive in asking questions. This study aimed to examine the effect of using AI chatbots in science learning on students’ questioning behavior in Grade V of SDN Plalangan 03 Gunungpati, Semarang City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed to identify changes in students’ questioning behavior before and after the implementation of AI chatbots in science learning. The results indicated that the use of AI chatbots improved students’ questioning behavior in terms of frequency, confidence, and activeness in asking questions. AI chatbots provided a comfortable and flexible interaction space for students, which helped reduce psychological barriers in questioning. It can be concluded that the use of AI chatbots has a positive effect on students’ questioning behavior in elementary school science learning.

Background: Sleep disorders in adolescents are a significant health problem, with a global prevalence reaching 57.8% and particularly high rates in several cities in Indonesia. Poor sleep quality negatively impacts physical health, such as the risk of cardiovascular disease and anemia, as well as mental and cognitive health. Sleep behavior is influenced by a dynamic interaction between personal and environmental factors, as explained in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Research Objective: To identify the determinants of sleep deprivation in adolescents, specifically individual and environmental factors, based on a Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) perspective through a literature review from 2019 to 2025. Method: This study utilized a literature review. To obtain research data, the authors searched for scientific articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, then analyzed 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria, published between 2020 and 2025. Results: Factors significantly associated with adolescent sleep quality were identified, with individual factors being the most dominant determinant (found in 7 studies), including academic stress and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, a positive association was found with environmental factors (found in 4 studies), such as bright lighting, noise, and uncomfortable room temperature. Conclusion: Within the framework of Social Cognitive Theory, adolescent sleep quality is the result of a reciprocal interaction between personal factors (perceived stress and self-control over gadgets), the physical environment, and sleep behavior. Individual factors such as stress and nighttime gadget use reduce self-efficacy for regular sleep, which is exacerbated by an unfavorable environment.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that disrupts cognition, emotion, perception, and behavior, significantly affecting daily functioning and social interaction. Paranoid schizophrenia, a well-recognized subtype, is characterized by persistent paranoid delusions, frequently accompanied by hallucinations—most commonly auditory—and other perceptual disturbances, often leading to unpredictable or aggressive behaviors. A 34-year-old male patient, Mr. A, was brought to Cut Meutia General Hospital on February 9, 2024, by his father and the village chief due to episodes of aggression. The patient reported that his behavior occurred because a creature was controlling his body and disturbing him. His family indicated that he had experienced similar episodes in the past and had previously been hospitalized for the same condition. Based on established clinical guidelines, he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Pharmacological management was initiated, including risperidone, clozapine, lodemer injection, diazepam injection, divalproex, and trihexyphenidyl, targeting psychotic symptoms, agitation, and behavioral disturbances, with the aim of stabilizing his mental state, preventing further aggressive episodes, and supporting overall functional recovery.

This Community Intervention activity aims to optimize the identity of Ujung Piring Village through place branding, which includes creating a village logo, profile video, and designing a site plan for the village square. The main problems faced by the village are the lack of a strong visual identity to optimise its potential and structured planning of village space/facilities. The methods used in the village site plan development activity were observation, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The results of the activity showed that the village logo successfully represented local values and history symbolically; the profile video was an effective medium for public communication; and the village square site plan provided direction for the development of a functional, aesthetic public space that supports social interaction. This activity proves that place branding can strengthen village identity, increase community engagement, and open up opportunities for village economic development. Further evaluation and monitoring are needed to assess the long-term impact of the implementation of this work program.

The revitalization of the Rukun Masyarakat (Parukmas) Market through innovative Instagrammable photo spots is a strategic effort to develop the potential for creative tourism in Yosodadi Village, Metro Timur District. The market, which previously served only as a center of local economic activity, is being revitalized into a public space-based tourist destination that is aesthetic, educational, and attractive. This transformation aims to create a new experience for visitors by presenting an engaging, thematic visual design that aligns with social media trends, particularly Instagram. This research aims to design and implement Instagrammable photo spots that can enhance the appeal of Parukmas Market and evaluate their impact on increasing visitor numbers and empowering the surrounding community economically. The research method used is participatory, involving the community, vendors, and local stakeholders in the planning, design, and construction of the facility. Evaluation is conducted through direct observation of market activities and visitor satisfaction surveys to assess responses and perceived benefits. The expected outcome of this activity is the creation of a creative space that can enhance social interaction, strengthen local identity, attract tourists, and open new business opportunities for the community, thereby strengthening the local economy and increasing vendor income.