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This research aims to describe the validity, practicality and capability of student learning outcomes using Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based learning modules . The test subjects in this research involved 20 class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Tilango for the 2023/2024 academic year. The CTL-based module developed refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model which is limited to the limited-scale trial development stage. The research results based on the CTL-based Module show the feasibility value of the valid criteria, the practicality of obtaining a score in the score range of 81%-100%, the learning outcomes of students using the N-Gain formula obtain a percentage value of 0.61% with medium criteria, so that the CTL-based Module is developed suitable for use as a learning medium to improve student learning outcomes on interaction material in ecosystems in class X SMA Negeri 1 Tilango.

This study aims to evaluate the quality and function of Green Open Space (RTH) at RPTRA Taman Matoa, Jagakarsa. The background of this paper is the importance of RTH in urban planning as an open interaction space for the community. This research was conducted using normative and empirical research methods to collect data on the physical condition, utilization, and community perceptions of the RTH. This RTH functions as a place for recreation, sports, and social activities for the surrounding community. These findings indicate that good management of RTH can improve the quality of the urban environment and community welfare.

This study aims to analyze the role of social media and explore how it influences the views and understanding of religious knowledge among Muslim youth. Using a qualitative approach, the study provides a detailed exploration of adolescents' perceptions of religious content accessed through social media and its impact on their understanding of Islam. The findings indicate that social media plays a significant role in enhancing religious understanding among youth. The majority of participants access religious content through platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, with most feeling that this content helps them gain a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings. This positive influence includes increased motivation to engage in worship and improve daily behavior in accordance with religious principles. However, participants also noted challenges related to the quality of information, which is often inaccurate or superficial. Nonetheless, social media fosters a strong sense of community through interactions in discussion groups and collaboration in religious learning. The study concludes that while social media has great potential to enrich religious knowledge among youth, it is important for adolescents to select credible sources, and for parents and educators to provide guidance on the wise use of social media.

The purpose of this article study is to analyze the Role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Building Student Character to Avoid Cohabitation Behavior. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through unstructured interviews, non-participant observation, and literature studies from relevant journals and books. The results of the study indicate that although PAK teaches moral values ​​such as love, honesty, and responsibility, many students have difficulty in implementing them due to the influence of a loose boarding environment and peer pressure. Students are often trapped in unhealthy relationships and ignore Christian principles because they feel pressured to follow the behavior of others. In addition, social skills such as interaction and empathy that should be developed through PAK are also hampered by social norms around them. This study emphasizes the need for social support and a contextual educational approach so that students can more effectively apply moral values ​​in social interactions. To reduce cohabitation behavior, educational institutions need to create an environment that supports the implementation of PAK values ​​consistently.

This study aims to analyse the interaction between ethno STEM based thematic learning and conventional learning with early mathematical abilities in improving students' numerical literacy. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection was carried out through a numerical literacy test. Methods of data analysis using two-way variance analysis using a general linear model univariate analysis. The research subjects were fifth grade elementary school students in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling technique, taking into account the homogeneity of students' early mathematical abilities in both classes. Homogeneity is determined by giving pre-tests to students. The research sample consisted of 48 students, which were divided into two classes. The results showed that there was no interaction between conventional and ethno-STEM based thematic learning with the categories of students' initial abilities on students' numerical literacy. However, for each level of students' early mathematical ability, the increase in numerical literacy of students who received learning with an ethno-STEM approach was higher than students who received conventional learning.

Psychopathology, especially mental disorders in Indonesia that are not treated properly can potentially increase the risk of criminal acts by people with mental disorders. This qualitative case study examines the case of child homicide by a mother diagnosed with schizophrenia, revealing the complexity of the interactions between mental disorders and environmental factors. This research emphasizes the role of forensic psychopathology in understanding the relationship between mental disorders and criminal behavior. Schizophrenia, as a serious mental disorder can increase the risk of criminal behavior, especially if adequate treatment is not provided. Symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions and hallucinations which affect emotional control and lead to criminal acts. Social stigma and lack of family awareness of mental disorders worsen the situation. In addition, this research highlights the urgency of increasing awareness and access to mental health services to prevent similar incidents.

In the Digital Age, digital media—especially the internet and social media—has profoundly changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. The development of this technology has provided several benefits, including the creation of virtual communities, easy access to information, and the ability to engage in discussions. In addition, digital technology influences the way people worship and improves interpersonal relationships and communication. Although digital technology offers many advantages in terms of social interaction and access to information, it is important to monitor and ensure that digital technology is used responsibly and in a way that benefits society as a whole. This study uses a descriptive, qualitative research approach with triangulation data collection, the object of this study is social media accounts used by the community. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to analyze and interpret the content of religious media. The author can analyze the text, images, or videos in religious media to understand the messages conveyed, the representation of religion, or the communication patterns that occur. Based on the results of the study, there are advantages and disadvantages in the relationship between human life and technological advances, especially mass media. Although religious messages and public understanding are greatly enhanced by mass media, there are also disadvantages, such as the spread of misleading information. To reduce the negative impact of mass media, it is important to use it responsibly and monitor it.

The topic of this research is language ambiguity that is often spoken by every student in English Literature A class of 2024 at Medan State University. This research aims to answer "what types of language ambiguity are often spoken by students in their communication on everyday classes?". This research applies Kent Bach's theory of language ambiguity to answer this question, this theory is relevant to help this research. The method used in this research is qualitative research and also observation to each suspect in daily life in the classroom. To clarify what kind of language ambiguity is often spoken in the daily life of English Literature A students class of 2024, the researcher provides some sentences that look and sound "ambiguous" that have been spoken by students in their daily life in class. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights into how language ambiguity is used, either consciously or unconsciously, in students' daily interactions.

Islam teaches that if there is an interest or need, it is recommended to spend wealth to donate. Infaq is an act of worship that is sunnah. Donation activities have two benefits, namely to meet the basic needs of the poor and help them to carry out good deeds.  Islam has taught its followers that they have an obligation to help each other, especially those who are weak (the Dhuafa), the poor, and those in need. The aim of this research is the implementation of Surah Al-Ma'un values ​​education in shaping the social character of students at SDN Grogol Selatan 09 South Jakarta. This research method uses descriptive curative with a field research approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and questionnaires. The population in this study was Islamic religious teachers and grade 5 and grade 6 students. The sample for this research was 30 people. Based on the research results, social interaction activities such as infaq activities carried out at SDN Grogol Selatan 09 can have an influence and impact on the social care character of students. With this habituation, students are able to develop values, attitudes and behavior that can radiate morals or character. The most important thing is that the key to changing the younger generation for the better is social character education, so that it can ensure that students have good character and personality in the future.

Indonesia is known as a country rich in cultural diversity, including the diversity of tribes and ethnicities spread throughout the archipelago. Interethnic interaction is a very important phenomenon in reflecting social harmony and cultural diversity in the midst of community life. In the context of students, ethnic diversity is often an interesting element because it involves a cross-cultural communication process, which can enrich understanding and strengthen social relations.Students from the Batak, Nias, and Karo ethnicities, who live or work at the Silangkitang Reading House, have a unique opportunity to interact directly with fellow individuals from different cultural backgrounds. The reading house as a public space not only functions as a place to gain knowledge, but also as an arena for social and cultural interaction. In this interaction, communication is a central element that determines how inter-ethnic relations are established.

The Gospel of Luke portrays Jesus as a universal Saviour who brings salvation to all people, regardless of race, social status, or culture. Through a narrative that emphasises love, inclusivity, and social justice, Luke shows that Jesus' mission is to save the lost, as written in Luke 19:10. Salvation in this gospel includes not only spiritual liberation from sin, but also social and physical transformation. In parables such as the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son, as well as His interaction with Zacchaeus, Jesus showed special concern for the poor, marginalised groups, and sinners. Jesus' inclusive approach transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries, affirming that salvation is available to all nations, as expressed in Luke 2:30-32 and Luke 1:50-55. Salvation in Luke includes life transformation that affects the heart, behaviour and social relationships. The gospel also emphasises that God's universal love drives the Church to be an inclusive community that serves all, regardless of background. Thus, Luke conveys a broad idea of salvation, which not only restores people's relationship with God, but also transforms the way we live together through love, justice and solidarity.

The Regional Regulation of Palangka Raya City Number 09 of 2012 focuses on regulating the use of public spaces and economic activities, including the presence of street clowns as an important element in the city's cultural diversity. Street clowns, who serve as both entertainment and a source of income, face significant challenges due to this regulation, especially regarding permits, locations, and operating hours. Although aimed at creating a neat and orderly urban environment, the implementation of regulations often does not consider the broader social impacts, thereby limiting their mobility and disrupting their income. This research analyzes the impact of Regional Regulation Number 09 of 2012 on the lives of street clowns, by exploring the provisions in the regulation and their responses to the challenges faced. The methods used include literature review and data analysis from previous research, regulatory documents, and related literature. The research results are expected to provide insights into the interaction between government regulations and the lives of the informal sector community, as well as to evaluate the balance between urban planning and the protection of street clowns' rights as an integral part of Palangka Raya's culture.

As a result of the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the personality and professional behavior of educators at the As-Sulthon Mersam – Batang Hari Islamic Boarding School have a significant influence on the effectiveness of education at the Islamic boarding school. Warrior Personality Influences Professional Behavior The personality of educators in Islamic boarding schools, which tend to vary between extrovert and introvert, plays an important role in determining their leadership style and interactions with students and colleagues. Overall, developing the personality and professional behavior of educators must be a priority to create a conducive educational environment, improve the quality of learning, and encourage the progress of students at the As-Sulthon Mersam – Batang Hari Islamic Boarding School.

This study aims to analyze the application of communication media in learning by third-semester students of the Advanced Education Program (PPA). Communication media plays a crucial role in the learning process as it can enhance understanding and interaction between lecturers and students. This research uses a descriptive approach with a survey method involving third-semester students from a university. The results of the study indicate that most students use various communication media, such as online learning platforms, instant messaging apps, and social media, to support their learning. These communication media have been proven effective in facilitating access to materials, group discussions, and communication between students and lecturers. However, challenges such as technological limitations and motivational issues were also identified. This study recommends that educational institutions continue to develop and utilize appropriate communication technologies to improve the quality of learning.

This study aims to examine the existing literature on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), company size, and tax avoidance. CSR encompasses ethical business practices adopted by companies, including their compliance with tax regulations. In contrast, larger companies often have more resources and broader networks, which enable them to implement more effective tax avoidance strategies. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, which includes the development of a theoretical framework, identifying relevant variables, and analyzing findings from previous studies. The main objective is to investigate how CSR and company size influence tax avoidance. The results show significant differences in the interaction between CSR, company size, and tax avoidance, highlighting inconsistencies in previous research findings. Thus, this study provides a deeper understanding of the current dynamics surrounding these issues.  

This article aims to describe the influence of social media on the formation and spread of slang among students at Muhammadiyah University, Maumere. Social media, such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter, are not only a means of interaction, but also a major catalyst in creating and disseminating new terms. This phenomenon reflects students’ linguistic creativity and is also a reflection of the dynamics of digital culture. In the context of Maumere Muhammadiyah University students, the use of slang is not just a trend, but also a tool to adapt to a dynamic social environment. New terms that are popular on social media are often adopted in daily conversations as symbols of modern and contemporary identity. However, this phenomenon also raises challenges, especially related to the preservation of formal language and traditional values in communication. This article discusses the characteristics of slang that emerges from social media, its role in forming social identity, and its impact on the use of formal language. In conclusion, social media plays a significant role in shaping student communication patterns, but efforts are needed to maintain a balance between language creativity and the use of standard language in formal contexts.

Education plays a vital role in shaping the character and quality of human resources, with teachers as key figures who serve as educators, mentors, and role models for students. One crucial factor that significantly impacts a teacher's success is the application of the professional code of ethics, which serves as a moral and professional guide in carrying out their duties. This code of ethics governs the attitudes, behaviors, and responsibilities of teachers toward students, the community, and colleagues. The implementation of the code of ethics not only ensures the integrity and professionalism of teachers but also influences the teacher-student relationship, ultimately fostering a conducive learning environment.The teacher's code of ethics functions as a moral guideline that regulates the behavior, attitudes, and responsibilities of teachers toward students, society, and fellow colleagues. The application of this code of ethics greatly impacts the relationship between teachers and students in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the application of the teacher's code of ethics and its effects on interactions that occur in the classroom. A qualitative approach was used in this research to explore the experiences and perspectives of both teachers and students regarding the implementation of the code of ethics in teaching. The results indicate that the application of the code of ethics strengthens the professional relationship between teachers and students, creates a fair, inclusive, and respectful learning environment. The teacher's code of ethics encourages teachers to act with fairness, maintain integrity, and uphold confidentiality, which positively affects the quality of learning. However, challenges in its implementation, such as balancing emotional closeness and professionalism and ensuring objectivity in assessment, must still be addressed. Overall, consistent implementation of the code of ethics can foster healthy, productive relationships and support the creation of a more effective and dignified learning process.      

The social emotional development of early childhood ia an important aspect that supports the formation of their character and interaction abilities in the future. One effective way to support this development is through an interactive and fun play approach. Emoji board games are a creative medium for helping children recognize, express and manage their emotions. By using emoji symbols that are easy for children to understand, this game provides an interesting learning experience while improving children's abilities in communicating, working together and understanding other people's feelings. Apart from that, this game also helps children build self-confidence and empathy, which are important foundations in social interactions. Through a directed play process, children can develop social emotional skills optimally, so they are ready to face challenges in the family and school environment.

This community service activity aims to apply play activities as a coping strategy to increase happiness in students at Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Baru Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Play activities play an important role in supporting children's social, emotional, and cognitive development. This program was carried out for one session with a duration of 90 minutes, involving 57 students aged 7–12 years. The methods used included creative games such as storytelling and singing, which were designed to create a fun atmosphere, train social skills, and provide space for free expression of emotions. The results of observations showed an increase in student happiness as indicated by active participation, cheerful expressions, and positive interactions between students during the activity. The results of interviews revealed positive impacts such as reduced emotional stress, increased self-confidence, and better learning motivation. Play activities have proven to be effective as a simple coping strategy that can be implemented in non-formal learning environments to support children's mental health and well-being. This program is expected to be a model for sustainable psychosocial interventions in similar communities.

The systems approach is an effective framework for improving the quality of learning across various levels of education. In the context of education, this approach emphasizes the importance of interaction among various components, such as curriculum, teaching methods, resources, and the learning environment. This study aims to explore the role of the systems approach in identifying problems, designing appropriate interventions, and evaluating learning outcomes. By employing the systems approach, educators can better understand the dynamics within the learning process and optimize each element to achieve better educational outcomes. The study results indicate that the implementation of the systems approach not only enhances student engagement but also fosters collaboration between educators and other stakeholders. Therefore, the systems approach serves as a crucial tool in educational reform efforts to create more effective and sustainable learning environments.