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The risk of violent behavior is a condition where a person commits an act that can be physically dangerous, either to themselves, others or their own family. To overcome this, a special therapy is needed. Laughter therapy will release endorphins so that the body becomes more comfortable, relaxed and makes the client's emotional state better so that it can suppress the desire to get angry. This study uses a descriptive case study with a nursing process approach to 5 respondents. With laughter therapy intervention for 20-30 minutes. The intervention was carried out on June 4 to 6, 2025, located at the Palembang ODGJ shelter. Client 1(Mr. H) before the intervention there were 9 signs and symptoms of the risk of violent behavior and after the intervention it became 1. In client 2 (Mr. L) before the intervention there were 9 signs and symptoms after the intervention 0 signs and symptoms. In client 3 (Mr. A) before the intervention there were 8 signs and symptoms after the intervention 1 sign and symptom. Client 4 (Mr. F) had 7 signs and symptoms before the intervention, but after the intervention, it became 1. Client 5 (Mr. S) had 5 signs and symptoms before the intervention, but after the intervention, it became 1 sign and symptom.

Patient satisfaction influences their desire to return to the same place, and if they are not satisfied, they will look for another place of health, prolonged helminths will result in patients experiencing psychological disorders and will result in the decline of patients caused by the threat of death, overall economic problems and medical problems. Cognitive factors can influence the health and well-being of patients with kidney failure because patients with kidney failure can feel psychologically tired because they have to undergo hemodialysis. The aim of this research is to determine the description of patient satisfaction undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital. The design method for clinical treatment is delscrilptilf which will analyze or observe a picture of the population of patients who underwent hemodilalization at Rulmah Hospital Santa Ellilsabelth with a sample size of 50 respondents. The total sampling technique was taken. Research Results The results of this research were to determine the description of patient satisfaction undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Medan with a total of 50 respondents. Where the research uses tables and provides an explanation of the frequency distribution of characteristics based on age, gender, religion, occupation, marital status, education. And this research was obtained from primary data obtained from the respondents themselves. After the data is obtained, it is processed and the results will be analyzed using univariate analysis.

The goal of this thesis is to increase awareness and give victims a better understanding of the causes of bullying and coping mechanisms by analysing the causes, effects, and efficacy of current anti-bullying interventions at Cendekia Harapan School in Jimbaran, Bali. To strengthen anti-bullying initiatives, it also assesses current solutions and makes culturally appropriate suggestions. Students completed open-ended surveys as part of a qualitative research design to learn more about their individual experiences, opinions, and the success of ongoing programs. To find patterns in bullying behaviours and their impacts, thematic analysis was used. The results showed that bullying is frequently caused by insecurity, a desire for power, and a need to fit in. Bullying victims often experience emotional distress, mental health conditions like anxiety and depression, and academic decline. According to the study, bullying can be influenced by the school environment. While students believe that current initiatives are effective, they also recommend additional interventions like workshops that foster empathy and greater parental involvement. These findings provide useful recommendations for improving school-based anti-bullying initiatives and corroborate theories put forth by Olweus and Adler.

This study explores the influence of career factors and economic independence on the phenomenon of late marriage in early adult women (aged 25-35 years) in Indonesia, especially in urban areas of North Sumatra such as Medan. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the study involved a quantitative survey of 250 career female respondents (with age criteria above 25 years old, unmarried, and a minimum income of the city UMR) using the Likert scale to measure career priorities as well as the financial independence index, complemented by logistic regression analysis to test causal relationships. Semi-structural interviews with 20 key informants uncovered an in-depth narrative about the trade-offs between professional ambitions (such as job promotion and income stability) and traditional marriage expectations. Key findings show that women with a bachelor's degree and above and an income of 1.5 times UMR tend to postpone marriage until the average age of 31.4 years, driven by the desire to achieve economic independence (regression coefficient β=0.42, p<0.01) as well as the flexibility of living without partner dependence. However, moderator factors such as Batak or Malay cultural pressures in Medan create internal conflicts, with 68% of respondents reporting social stress from family. Theoretically, the results support role conflict theory in modern family dynamics, while implications include recommendations for work-life balance-based pre-marital counseling programs and corporate policies to support high-quality marriages. This research contributes to the Indonesian family relations literature by highlighting the paradigm shift from patriarchal norms towards gender equality.

This article aims to analyze Sie Hian Ling's Hikajat Njonja Kam Giok Nio (1925) through Judith Butler's theory of gender performivity in order to uncover the mechanism of gender regulation in the colonial context of the Dutch East Indies. The narrative tells the social destruction of Njonja Kam Giok Nio, the wife of a Chinese Luitenant in Tjibingin, who loses her status, family, and dignity due to her involvement with Stamboel comedy actor Siek Ting San. The analysis shows that text functions as a discursive regulatory apparatus that constructs gender as a performance that must be repeated through signs of modesty, chastity, and marital status, rather than innate identity. With the concepts of iteration, desire-performattity, radical transgression, abjection, and normative re-iteration, this article reveals how colonial moralistic narratives maintain heteronormativity through the threat of systematic social destruction. Njonja Kam Jade Nio, who originally succeeded in the performance of honorable femininity, experienced gender un-doing when entering public spaces without supervision, became an active desire agent, and was in contact with lower-class subjects. The consequence is total abjection in the form of physical expulsion, renaming, economic exclusion, and intervention by the colonial apparatus. The results of the study confirm that gender analysis cannot be separated from colonialism and class as a system of power that produces each other in the historical context of the Dutch East Indies in the 1920s.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy of Betet Rice at Toko Cendrawasi Fakfak. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods including field research, interviews with managers and employees, observations on sales data management, and documentation. The data were analyzed using marketing mix analysis and SWOT analysis. The results show that Betet Rice is distributed directly to customers through Toko Cendrawasi Fakfak, which acts as a distributor of the product. Toko Cendrawasi has made efforts to provide significant market access for Betet Rice marketing, with products and prices adjusted to customer desires and purchasing power. The marketing strategy used involves the marketing mix of product, price, promotion, and distribution, which has led to an increase in demand for Betet Rice every year. Based on the SWOT analysis, the marketing strategy implemented includes strengths in strong financial conditions and a fleet of ships, weaknesses in the lack of attention to key marketing elements, opportunities in market analysis and customer segmentation, and threats from increasing competition and globalization of competitors offering similar products.

Effective information system design requires a clear and comprehensive understanding of the desired ideal system conditions in order to support organizational objectives. The TO-BE approach is a business process modeling method that describes future system conditions as a conceptual and strategic basis for improving existing AS-IS conditions. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the TO-BE approach in information system design on the clarity of system requirements, overall process efficiency, and the quality of system design outcomes. The research method used is descriptive-analytical research with a qualitative approach, employing data collection techniques such as literature review, direct observation, and in-depth analysis of system design documents. The results show that implementing the TO-BE approach in information system design provides a more structured and systematic overview of business processes, minimizes mismatches between system functionality and user needs, and improves the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes. Furthermore, the TO-BE approach assists system developers and analysts in designing system solutions that are aligned with organizational goals, operational requirements, and user expectations. Thus, implementing the TO-BE approach positively impacts the overall quality of information system design and is recommended as a critical and essential step in information system development initiatives.

The advancement of digital technology has made computer literacy and language comprehension increasingly important. Playing games has become a daily habit for young children. Scratch is an innovative and child-friendly platform. This community service program aims to introduce basic programming concepts to sixth-grade students of Bulupasar Elementary School, Kediri, using the Scratch platform. This program adopts the Direct Instruction method, also known as hands-on learning. This one-day session involved 43 students who underwent a structured process consisting of a pre-test, material delivery, hands-on practice, such as using code blocks, introducing sprites, and creating a simple game, which was explained clearly and structured. During the project implementation phase, each student successfully created a simple animation project with the theme "Catch the Apple" and then conducted practical exercises to try it out on their own with direct guidance. This community service activity was successful, according to the analysis of the pre-test and post-test results. The resources used to create the simple game showed positive results and confirmed the importance of introducing children to the digital world from an early age. Qualitative evaluations revealed positive responses from all participants. Student comments reflected high enthusiasm for learning to code, with the majority expressing a desire to continue exploring Scratch independently. Several students expressed interest in creating future projects, suggesting the program has potential for implementation in other schools to encourage early introduction to programming and help prepare them for the future in an era of ever-evolving technology.

Students' perspectives and readiness to start a business are greatly influenced by entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the entrepreneurial desire of 64 Economics Education students at PGRI Wiranegara University is influenced by entrepreneurship education and self-confidence. Based on the findings of the quantitative study, self-confidence and entrepreneurship education both significantly influence entrepreneurial desire, both separately and together. It has been proven that self-confidence (t-test 2.224) and entrepreneurship education (t-test 5.098) have an influence. Both factors have a significant impact simultaneously, as indicated by the calculated F value of 58.933. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R Square), these two variables contribute 65.9% of entrepreneurial interest, while other factors influence the remaining 34.1%. This conclusion is important and can be a guide for future research on entrepreneurship teaching techniques.

The advancement of social media platforms, especially TikTok, has drastically changed the behavioral patterns and lifestyles of Generation Z. One psychological impact of intensive social media use is Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is the worry of missing out on news, trends, or viral social activities. This study aims to reveal how FoMO affects the lifestyle of Generation Z active on TikTok, focusing on aspects of mental health, shopping habits, and the balance of social interactions. This research uses a literature study approach with a qualitative descriptive method, through in-depth analysis of 21 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. The findings show that FoMO is associated with increased anxiety, depression, personal dissatisfaction, and excessive social media use among Generation Z. Furthermore, FoMO also drives impulsive consumption patterns and purchases triggered by online trends as well as the desire for social approval. On the other hand, internal factors such as self-confidence and self-control ability have proven to reduce the level of FoMO and its negative effects. This study concludes that FoMO is a complex phenomenon that impacts the mental health and lifestyle of Generation Z, thus requiring measures such as increasing digital literacy, strengthening self-control, and using social media wisely to reduce the negative impacts of FoMO in the long term.

RS at Kemayoran continues to experience low conversion of antenatal care (ANC) patients to delivery services, with a conversion rate of 6.9% in 2024. The maternity ward Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) also remains below national standards. Preliminary assessments indicate dissatisfaction with the hospital’s healthscape, low mimetic desire reflected in limited recommendations, and suboptimal perceived value. This study examines the effects of healthscape and mimetic desire on childbirth location decisions, with perceived value tested as a mediating variable.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 210 ANC patients at RSUD Kemayoran through structured questionnaires. Variables included healthscape, mimetic desire, perceived value, and delivery location decision. All instruments met validity and reliability criteria.Results: Healthscape and mimetic desire significantly influenced the decision to choose RSUD Kemayoran for childbirth. Healthscape did not significantly affect perceived value, whereas mimetic desire showed a significant effect. Perceived value had a significant direct effect on delivery decisions but did not mediate the relationships between healthscape or mimetic desire and delivery choice. Healthscape emerged as the most influential determinant.Conclusion: Physical healthcare environments play a critical role in childbirth location decisions. Improving healthscape quality and strengthening professional and social recommendations may enhance ANC-to-delivery conversion rates in public hospitals.

The diversity of social media used by teenagers today can influence Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) behavior, a condition where someone feels left out of information, trends, or activities carried out by others. This condition is characterized by fear, anxiety, difficulty controlling the desire to stay connected, and a tendency to compare oneself with others on social media. Teenagers are the group most vulnerable to FoMO due to their high intensity of social media use and their still-developing social needs. This reseach seeks to examine the association between scial media diversity and FoMO behavior among eleventh-grade student at SMAN 4 Tuban. The study employed a quantitative analytic design using a cross-sectional approach. The research population consists of all 11th grade students, totaling 157 respondents, selected using simple random sampling. The instruments used are a social media diversity questionnaire and a FoMO behavior questionnaire. Data analysis uses the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study show a p-value of 0.000, which means p < 0.05, so H1 is accepted. This shows that there is a significant relationship between social media diversity and FoMO behavior in adolescents. The more diverse the social media platforms used, the higher the tendency for adolescents to experience FoMO. Based on these results, it can be concluded that social media diversity influences FoMO behavior among 11th grade students at SMAN 4 Tuban.

Fasting is one of the main acts of worship in Islam that has profound meaning, both spiritualy, socially, and health-wise. This study aims to examine the benefits of fasting in the perspective of sunnah through a pure qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. The focus of the study is on how the practice of sunnah fasting, such as Monday-Thursday, Daud. Arafah, Ashura and Ayyamul Bidh, affects the increase in spiritually, inner peace, and sincerity of individuals. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method thar aims to examine the benefits of fasting in the perspesctive of sunnah. Data were obtained from various relevant literature sources, imcluding the Qur’an, hadith, fiqh books, and national jurnals listed in thebibliography with a publication range 2009-2024. The results of the study show that fasting not only serves as  a form of obedience to Allah SWT, but also as a means of purifying the soul, controlling desires, and increasing social empathy. In addition, fasting has physiological benefits that can improve physical health. Thus, fasting in the perspective of sunnah is a comprehensive spiritual education shaping Muslims to be pious, patient and noble in character.

This study discusses the role of prayer in shaping character and daily ethics as one of the main pillars of Islamic teachings. Prayer is not merely a ritual act of worship but also serves as a means of spiritual and moral education and shapes the overall personality of Muslims. This study uses a literature review method by examining various sources such as books, journals, and scientific articles relevant to Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025, sourced from 20 Indonesian-language journals and 5 English-language journals. Based on this background, prayer plays an important role in instilling values of discipline, responsibility, sincerity, patience, and self-reflection, which contribute to the formation of an individual's character and integrity. In addition, prayer also serves as the foundation of social ethics by fostering honesty, justice, empathy, politeness, and solidarity in social interactions. There is also congregational prayer, which, when performed, can strengthen the values of togetherness, brotherhood, and social concern, which are the foundations of a harmonious social life. Research shows that consistent and solemn prayer practices can control desires, prevent immoral and evil deeds, and provide mental and spiritual balance for the practitioner. Thus, prayer is an important instrument in the moral and spiritual development of Muslims and is relevant in facing modern challenges such as stress and social ethical degradation.

This study aims to analyze the development of elementary school students (ages 8–9) in terms of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual aspects. The research subjects were two third-grade students named Dinul Mumtaz (8 years old) and Alfatir Ramadhan Hendri (9 years old). This study used a qualitative approach, with observation and interviews as the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that both students show physical development appropriate for their age, with well-developed fine and gross motor skills. In the cognitive aspect, both have reached the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to solve tasks using concrete objects. In terms of emotional and social development, Dinul and Alfatir demonstrate the ability to recognize and manage emotions, as well as build positive social relationships with peers and teachers. Moral development shows that both students are in the heteronomous and early conventional stages, where they obey rules due to authority and a desire to gain social approval. Meanwhile, in the spiritual aspect, both students demonstrate good religious habits and an understanding of spiritual values reflected in their daily behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of both students is in a good category and in accordance with child development theories, supported by positive influences from family and school environments.

This study compares the scalability and maintainability of three prominent programming paradigms-functional programming (FP), object-oriented programming (OOP), and declarative programming (DP)-in the context of distributed data processing systems. The research aims to evaluate how each paradigm performs under increased data volume and its ability to handle complex operations, while also assessing the ease of maintenance through code readability, modularity, and the flexibility of updating and debugging. The study employs a comparative experimental design, implementing identical data processing tasks, such as data aggregation, filtering, and transformation, across each paradigm. Key findings indicate that FP and DP outperform OOP in terms of scalability, with their stateless nature and high-level abstractions enabling efficient parallel processing and task distribution. FP, with its emphasis on immutability and concurrency, and DP, with its focus on describing desired outcomes rather than implementation specifics, both demonstrate superior performance in handling large datasets. However, while OOP excels in modularity and flexibility, its reliance on mutable state and shared resources hampers its scalability in distributed environments. In terms of maintainability, both FP and DP offer clearer, more maintainable code due to their abstraction levels, making them easier to update and extend. OOP, while modular, presents challenges in managing mutable state, complicating maintenance. This paper concludes with practical recommendations for developers on when to use each paradigm based on system requirements and suggests areas for future research, such as hybrid paradigms and long-term maintainability studies in real-world applications.

This study aims to analyze teachers' teaching strategies in improving the quality of science learning for upper grade students (IV, V, and VI) at the SD Inpres Perumnas II Makassar. The results show that teachers implement various strategies including selecting approaches that suit students' needs, using a variety of learning methods, actively involving students in learning activities, utilizing media that support conceptual understanding, and implementing continuous evaluation to assess learning success. All of these strategies complement each other and help create more engaging, understandable, and relevant science learning for students. Research findings also revealed that the choice of teaching strategy is influenced by several important factors: student characteristics, the characteristics of the science material being taught, the availability of learning media and facilities, the learning environment, and the desired learning objectives. These five factors serve as the basis for teachers to determine the most appropriate strategy, ensuring a more effective, focused learning process that enhances students' understanding of the material. Furthermore, this study identified several challenges teachers face in implementing science teaching strategies, such as diverse student abilities, time constraints, a lack of supporting media and facilities, sub-conducive classroom conditions, and uneven student motivation. These challenges require teachers to be creative and adapt strategies to ensure learning objectives are achieved and the quality of science instruction continues to improve.

This study examines Pamungkas’s song “To the Bone” through the lens of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), focusing on the ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions as proposed by M.A.K. Halliday. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores how the lyrics represent emotional depth, longing, and devotion through linguistic choices. The ideational metafunction reveals the representation of personal experiences and emotional states, as seen in the recurring mental processes that express desire and affection. The interpersonal metafunction highlights the close emotional relationship between the singer and the listener, employing personal pronouns, modality, and mood to convey sincerity, vulnerability, and affection. Meanwhile, the textual metafunction ensures cohesion and coherence through repetition, thematic structure, and parallelism, which emphasize the constancy of emotion and strengthen the lyrical unity. By uncovering these linguistic processes, this study demonstrates how “To the Bone” serves as a powerful medium of emotional expression, illustrating how language in music functions not only as art but also as a reflection of human intimacy and emotional truth.

This article examines in depth the concept of protecting human dignity through the regulation of gaze and physical contact among mahram according to the Shafi‘i School of Islamic law. From an Islamic perspective, the preservation of dignity (ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ) occupies a highly fundamental position as part of the objectives of Islamic law, particularly in regulating social relations and family interactions. Although mahram relationships legally allow closer interaction, Islam continues to establish ethical boundaries to safeguard purity and moral values. This study is a normative legal research employing conceptual and normative-fiqh approaches, relying on primary sources such as the Qur’an, the Prophetic traditions (hadith), and classical as well as contemporary Shafi‘i jurisprudential literature. The findings indicate that the Shafi‘i School does not regard mahram relations as a sphere of absolute and unrestricted freedom, but instead provides clear regulations concerning gaze and physical contact. Visual interaction is permitted in a limited manner, restricted to certain parts of the body and subject to the condition that it does not provoke desire or potential moral temptation (fitnah). Meanwhile, physical contact is regulated more strictly and, in principle, is only permitted in situations of legitimate shar‘i necessity, such as medical treatment or emergency circumstances. Therefore, the regulation of gaze and physical contact among mahram in the Shafi‘i School functions as an instrument for protecting human dignity, preserving the sanctity of family relationships, and preventing behavioral deviations from an early stage.

This study aims to analyze the influence of coastal cultural tradition-based learning media in the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) on students' learning interest at MTsN 3 Tuban. The background of this research is the lack of integration of coastal local wisdom in learning while the characteristics of madrasah students require a contextual approach that connects material with the surrounding environment. The study uses a quantitative approach with a pretest -experimental design involving 36 eighth-grade students as samples. The research instrument is a learning interest questionnaire with a Likert scale covering aspects of attention, interest, involvement, and continuous desire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and normalized gain test. The results showed a significant increase in students' learning interest with an average score increasing from 68.75 in the pre-test to 82.94 in the post-test with an N-Gain value of 0.45 in the medium category. These findings identify that coastal cultural tradition-based learning media have a positive impact on increasing students' learning interest through contextual and meaningful learning.