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This study aims to evaluate the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Current Ratio on Firm Value, with Sales Growth as a moderator variable, in textile and garment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2024. The population of this study consisted of 21 companies, and purposive sampling was used to select 19 companies according to the established criteria. The analytical method used was panel data regression analysis with the help of Eviews version 12.0. The results of this study indicate that Return on Assets (ROA) has a negative and significant effect on firm value, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Firm Size have a positive and significant effect on firm value, Current Ratio (CR) does not have a significant effect on firm value, and Sales Growth cannot moderate the effect of Return on Assets on firm value. The condition of ROA that has a negative effect on firm value can describe a situation where the greater the company's profit in the form of assets, the lower the company's value will be, or conversely, the higher the company's value, the lower the company's assets will be.

Iwan Fals’ song "Bento" offers social criticism, which is analyzed using Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model. Released in 1989, the song critiques the social conditions and behaviors of the wealthy elite during the New Order era, highlighting issues of arrogance, corruption, and social inequality. This qualitative descriptive study applies the Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) method, analyzing the lyrics of "Bento" through three dimensions: text, social cognition, and social context. In the text dimension, the analysis reveals the main theme as a depiction of the fictional character "Bento," portrayed as an arrogant and corrupt figure. The text structure employs a narrative persona pattern, with semantic elements describing the luxury of New Order rulers and the exploitation of the common people. The stylistic devices, including anthropomorphism and rhetoric, emphasize the selfish enjoyment of the elite. In the social context, the song is a response to the corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN) that characterized the New Order regime. Through satire, "Bento" critiques the dominance of the elite and their disregard for the common people. Overall, the song exposes the power dynamics and corruption under the New Order regime.

This study analyzes the implications of the slogan “returning to the Qur’an,” which is frequently understood as a call to rely directly on the Qur’an in addressing religious and social issues while neglecting essential exegetical disciplines such as tafsir, asbāb al-nuzūl, and other authoritative scholarly frameworks. The discussion is reinforced by the findings of Husnul Maab, a postgraduate student at the Institut Ilmu Al-Qur’an (IIQ), whose thesis on the textuality of Qur’anic interpretation and its relationship to religious diversity in Indonesia highlights the serious problems inherent in literalist approaches, particularly in the interpretation of verses related to jihad and politics. This research employs a qualitative library research method, using relevant literature as the primary source of data and analysis, requiring in-depth understanding and critical engagement with the subject matter. The findings indicate that the slogan “returning to the Qur’an” can function as a form of interpretive distortion when it is not accompanied by adequate scholarly competence. Attempts to deepen Qur’anic understanding without integrating the bayānī (textual), burhānī (rational), and ‘irfānī (ethical–spiritual) approaches tend to result in rigid and reductionist interpretations. Such purely textual readings represent an extreme position that may lead to harmful consequences, including the tendency to label others as unbelievers, sinners, or wrongdoers solely due to interpretive differences. Ultimately, religious understanding shaped by reactive and exclusionary interpretations poses a significant threat to religious pluralism and social harmony in Indonesia.

The implementation of the eighth-grade Christian Religious Education teaching module on the topic "Love as the Foundation of a Believer's Life" was carried out as an effort to provide an active, reflective, and contextual learning process in accordance with the principles of the Independent Curriculum. Learning is designed through an interactive approach with discussion activities, analysis of biblical texts, case studies, problem-solving, and personal reflection that provide opportunities for students to construct understanding independently. Through these activities, students are guided to understand the concept of agape love as sincere love, giving without expecting anything in return, and is manifested in concrete actions towards others. The implementation results show that this teaching module is able to improve students' conceptual understanding of the meaning of love from a biblical perspective and its relevance in modern life. Students appear to be increasingly confident in expressing opinions, are able to work together in groups, and are actively involved in learning activities. In addition, the emergence of attitudes of empathy, tolerance, and habits of helping each other are indicators that the value of love is not only understood cognitively, but also internalized in behavior. This teaching module also contributes to improving students' critical thinking skills and spirituality through reflection activities that invite them to evaluate acts of love in daily life at school, family, and society.

The development of social media platforms like TikTok has created new spaces for digital economic activities, including the practive of thrifting, which has now become a trend among the public. However, government policies that block these activities have sparked various public reactions. This study aims to analyze public sentiment regarding the issue of thrifting bans on the TikTok platform using the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) method. This method was chosen because it can understand text context from both directions, allowing it to capture deeper semantic meaning. The dataset consist of 4,000 TikTok user comments collected through a crawling process. The research stages include data preprocessing, sentiment labeling, splitting training and test data, training the Bi-LSTM model, and evaluating performance using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The research results show that the Bi-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 86.15%, with stable classification performance and minimal error rate. These findings indicate that Bi-LSTM is effective for sentiment analysis of public opinions on Indonesian language social media, particularly on context specific policy issues. Further development can be carried out by adding pre-trained embeddings or attention mechanisms to improve the model’s performance.

India faces a persistent civic deficit reflected in weak civic sense, low compliance with public norms, and a structural imbalance between rights and duties. Although ancient Indian traditions emphasized collective responsibility, colonial legacies, institutional weaknesses, and growing socioeconomic disparities have eroded civic culture. This study employs qualitative content analysis using historical texts, constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations, comparative international case studies, and interdisciplinary scholarly literature. Thematic coding is used to analyze the socio-legal, political, and educational roots of India’s civic deficit. Findings reveal that India’s civic deficit stems from interconnected structural factors: weak enforcement of laws, lack of experiential civic education, limited trust in institutions, political interference, and socioeconomic inequality. Comparative insights from Japan, Nordic countries, Singapore, and Brazil demonstrate that civic sense improves when experiential education, strong institutional integrity, and participatory governance coexist. Addressing India’s civic deficit requires systemic reforms: reorienting civic education toward experiential learning, strengthening judicial independence, enforcing rules consistently, expanding participatory mechanisms, and promoting community-level ownership. Comparative models show that long-term cultural change requires both structural reforms and citizen-centered engagement.

This study explores the persuasive linguistic techniques used in 50 Instagram advertisements by Anomali Coffee, a prominent Indonesian specialty coffee brand. The research aims to identify and analyze the linguistic strategies embedded in captions, hashtags, slogans, and textual elements in promotional visuals using Lamb’s (2011) 21 category persuasive language framework. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted for this purpose. The analysis reveals 46 instances of persuasive techniques, with the most common being inclusive language, imagery, hyperbole, connotation, and colloquial expressions. These findings suggest that Anomali Coffee strategically employs emotional engagement, community oriented language, and sensory appeals to strengthen brand identity and resonance. Additionally, credibility enhancing strategies such as expert opinion and evidence are also evident. The study contributes to the application of Lamb’s taxonomy in Indonesian digital marketing, particularly in the specialty coffee industry, showing how linguistic persuasion can amplify consumer interaction on social media platforms. However, the study’s focus on a single brand and textual features limits its generalizability. Future research should consider cross brand comparisons, multimodal analyses, and consumer response studies to further explore the effectiveness of persuasive techniques. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights into the role of persuasive language in shaping digital marketing strategies for local coffee brands in Indonesia.

This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the concept of divorce within the frameworks of Islamic Family Law and Buddhist Ethics. Marriage, recognized as a profound bond of both physical and spiritual union, holds significant value in both religious traditions. However, contemporary social realities reveal a high incidence of divorce, prompting a critical examination of the legal and ethical mechanisms governing its dissolution. Within Islamic jurisprudence, divorce (talak) is permitted but considered detestable by Allah, governed by stringent procedural mechanisms including talak (the husband’s right), khulu’ or gugat cerai (the wife’s right to initiate), and fasakh (judicial intervention). These processes carry clear legal implications concerning the waiting period (iddah), the possibility of reconciliation (rujuk), and the division of marital property. Conversely, while Buddhism does not explicitly prohibit divorce, the teachings of the Buddha strongly encourage spouses to exhaust all avenues for peaceful conflict resolution before considering separation as a last resort. The ethical framework in Buddhism grants equal rights to both parties to dissolve the marriage. This study employs a qualitative descriptive analytical method through library research, drawing upon primary legal texts such as Indonesia’s Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) for Muslims, alongside the Vinaya Pitaka for adherents of Buddhism. The findings indicate that while both traditions view divorce as a final option, they diverge fundamentally in their legal structures; Islamic law establishes specific, gender-differentiated rights and obligations, whereas Buddhist ethics emphasize mutual consent and personal responsibility without formal legalistic procedures. The research concludes by recommending that couples, regardless of faith, prioritize reconciliation and peace, aligning with the core principles of both religions, and urges policymakers and legal practitioners to promote harmonious family life and reconsider legal frameworks that might better serve the welfare of children and families.

This study conceptually examines a self-supervised multi-scale fusion framework designed to enhance accuracy and computational efficiency in medical image segmentation, a domain where data scarcity and annotation cost remain major challenges. Traditional supervised approaches are constrained by their reliance on extensive labeled datasets, limiting applicability in real-world clinical environments. Self-supervised learning (SSL) mitigates this issue by extracting supervisory signals directly from unlabeled data, enabling the model to learn rich feature representations without human annotation. Simultaneously, multi-scale fusion architectures integrate global contextual information with fine-grained local features, supporting robust segmentation across varying anatomical structures and image resolutions. Through a qualitative methodology involving library research and content analysis, this study synthesizes state-of-the-art SSL-driven segmentation techniques and highlights how adaptive multi-scale fusion mechanisms address limitations of existing convolutional and transformer-based architectures. The analysis indicates that combining SSL and multi-scale strategies leads to more generalizable, scalable, and computationally efficient segmentation pipelines suitable for diverse medical imaging modalities. The proposed framework represents a promising direction for developing next-generation diagnostic tools capable of handling sparse labels, complex textures, and real-time deployment constraints.

Social care values ​​are moral principles that emphasize empathy, altruism, solidarity, mutual cooperation, justice, and tolerance in social life. These values ​​form the foundation for individuals to understand the feelings of others, help selflessly, cooperate, be fair, and respect differences. This study aims to describe the representation of social care values ​​in Wattpad short stories in the family drama genre, identify the most dominant values ​​and the context in which they emerge, and explain the relevance of these findings to learning and character development in students. The study used a descriptive qualitative method because it focuses on the meaning of the text, rather than quantitative measurement. Data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques by carefully and repeatedly reading the short stories to identify sections of the text that contain social care values. Data included words, phrases, sentences, dialogue, and narratives that depict character actions, conflicts, or interactions reflecting empathy, altruism, solidarity, mutual cooperation, justice, and tolerance. All quotations were recorded on a coding sheet to organize the data systematically. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman technique, which includes data reduction, classification, and interpretation. In the reduction stage, relevant data was selected and then grouped according to social awareness value categories. Next, interpretation was conducted to explain the representation of these values ​​in the storyline and relationships between characters. 

This study examines the comparative fatwas of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) regarding the Islamic legal ruling on smoking in the Indonesian context. The research employs a qualitative method through a literature-based analysis of official documents, academic journals, and decisions from Bahtsul Masā’il and the Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid. The findings indicate that Muhammadiyah declares smoking as prohibited (ḥarām) because it contradicts the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah), particularly in preserving life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl). Conversely, NU categorizes smoking as reprehensible (makrūh) on the basis that no definitive textual evidence explicitly forbids it, while also considering socio-economic factors within society. Muhammadiyah adopts a normative-preventive approach, whereas NU emphasizes a cultural-educational one. The difference between the two fatwas reflects not a contradiction but a constructive ikhtilāf, enriching the diversity of Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the content and substance of the Fourth Hadith in Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah, explore the Islamic educational values contained within it, and examine its relevance to contemporary Islamic religious education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an examination of primary and secondary literature related to the hadith and Islamic educational concepts. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to reveal both textual and contextual meanings.The findings show that the Fourth Hadith provides an explanation of the gradual process of human creation, the decree of divine destiny encompassing sustenance, lifespan, deeds, and a person’s final fate, as well as an emphasis on the importance of righteous actions in determining one’s end. The hadith encapsulates holistic educational values, including divine values such as belief in destiny, reliance on God (tawakkul), patience, and spiritual awareness; and humanistic values such as moral responsibility, self-control, self-awareness, and consistency in worship and good deeds. These values remain highly relevant for character building in modern learners, especially in facing moral, spiritual, and social challenges.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Fourth Hadith of Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah plays a significant role in strengthening contemporary Islamic education, particularly in shaping character grounded in sound creed, noble ethics, and strong mental resilience. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators, educational institutions, and society in developing more integrative and applicable educational practices.

This study aims to analyze the bread production system of UMKM Roti D’One using the Input–Process–Output (IPO) approach and to identify product defects through the application of the Seven Tools of quality control. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and production recording. The IPO analysis shows that the production process is carried out manually and relies heavily on worker skills and household-scale equipment. Based on the checksheet, two dominant types of defects were identified—non-soft texture and uneven color—resulting in 30 defective products out of 1,400 breads produced in one week. The Pareto analysis indicates that texture defects contribute the largest portion (56.7%) of total defects. Meanwhile, the fishbone diagram reveals that the main causes originate from raw material inconsistency, equipment limitations, variations in worker skills, and manual production methods. This study suggests improvements related to raw material standards, production consistency, and worker training to reduce defects and enhance the overall quality of Roti D’One products.

The implementation of the concept of sustainable fashion is an effort carried out by fashion players to create sustainable fashion products so as to reduce the impact of fast fashion. Forms of implementing the concept of sustainable fashion include the zero waste puttern cutting technique and the use of natural dyes. Cutting techniques without leaving scraps and liquid waste produced from the textile production process. The purpose of the study was to determine the process of implementing zero waste in ready to wear with ecoprint natural dye textiles. The data collection methods used are observation, documentation and literature methods. The analysis used in this study is qualitative data analysis. The process begins with creating ecoprint motifs using steam techniques and adding cibori motifs, the process of creating designs and planning the layout of the pattern components, and planning the layout of patterns on ecoprint materials, the cutting process, installing tricot, followed by the sewing process to unite the pattern components. The initial stage in this process is sewing the top. Conclusion of the process of applying the zero waste puttern cutting technique with ecoprin natural dye textiles is one of the visionary concepts where creating clothes starts from making motifs. with ecoprin natural dye textile is one of the visionary concepts where creating clothes starts from making motifs with natural dyes and continues with efforts to minimize fabric waste by applying the zero waste concept to the cutting pattern process and continues with the sewing process until completion, so that it can be used as a solution and reference in the fashion field for making clothes sustainably. Suggestions for applying the zero waste concept to be more optimal, the design of motif designs and pattern designs should always go hand in hand so that all motifs can be used and in accordance with the design to minimize fabric waste and dye waste.  

This study examines the constitutional systems of Denmark and Sweden as two of the most stable and advanced models of modern constitutional monarchy in the world. While maintaining the institution of monarchy, both countries have successfully integrated the principles of parliamentary democracy, parliamentary supremacy, and strict limitations on executive power, so that the monarch plays a purely symbolic role in the state. Using a normative-comparative legal research method that focuses on the 1953 Danish Constitution and the 1974 Swedish Instrument of Government, this study traces the historical evolution, constitutional structure, mechanisms of government formation, legislative oversight, and the role of the judiciary in both countries. The results of the study show that Denmark has retained a number of historical formulations regarding the power of the king in the text of the constitution, but all of these powers are symbolic in nature because they are controlled by parliamentary convention. Sweden, through its 1974 reforms, opted for a more decisive model by explicitly removing all political roles of the monarchy. Despite differences in constitutional design, both countries share fundamental similarities in their egalitarian political culture, bureaucratic professionalism, political consensus, and parliamentary rule mechanisms that create governmental stability.Further analysis shows that the continuity of the monarchy in both countries is inseparable from peaceful historical transformation, the monarchy's ability to adapt to democratization, and its role as

This article aims to understand how cultural expressions of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are inculturated in the liturgy of the Catholic Church as a manifestation of a dynamic encounter between Christian faith and local culture. The research method used is qualitative with a desk observation approach, which involves an in-depth study of Church documents, biblical texts, and practices of contextual liturgical analysis in various regions of NTT. The main results of the study indicate that the process of cultural inculturation in the liturgy in NTT not only enriches the forms of expression of the faith of the people, but also deepens the meaning and experience of the liturgy as a space for authentic theological dialogue between the Gospel message and local cultural heritage. Furthermore, this inculturation emphasizes the relevance of faith in the socio-cultural context, where local elements such as music, dance, clothing, and symbolism are brought to life to reveal the mystery of Christ more contextually. The theological and pastoral implications of these findings are that the Catholic Church in Indonesia, particularly in NTT, is a living, contextual, and relevant witness to the faith, demonstrating that the Gospel can be firmly embedded in the local land and culture, while strengthening the religious identity of the people amidst cultural plurality.

The rapid expansion of e-commerce in Indonesia has resulted in a significant rise in the number of customer reviews, which serve as a valuable source of insight for understanding consumer satisfaction. This study aims to classify or identify sentiments from product reviews on the Tokopedia platform into three categories, using the Support Vector Machine algorithm. The classification method data were ethically collected through web scraping and include review text, ratings, and the number of “likes.”  The preprocessing stage involved several NLP techniques such as pre-procesesing data representation was generated using the Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency method, while the issue of class imbalance was addressed using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique.  Based on the test results, the SVM model achieved an accuracy of 79.48% on the test data using a linear kernel, showing the best performance in classifying positive sentiments. However, the classification of neutral and negative sentiments still requires improvement. This study demonstrates that the combination of the TF-IDF method, additional numerical features, and data balancing techniques can produce an an efficient sentiment analysis model within the e-commerce domain.

The development of modern scientific knowledge, which tends to be secular, has created a dichotomy between religious sciences and general sciences within Islamic education systems. This condition has encouraged the emergence of the idea of the Islamization of knowledge as an effort to restore knowledge to a tawhidic framework. This study aims to examine how the concept of the Islamization of knowledge is represented in Ahmad Tafsir’s book Filsafat Pendidikan Islami. This research employs a qualitative library study using content analysis and a philosophical approach to both the primary text and supporting literature. The findings show that although Ahmad Tafsir does not explicitly use the term “Islamization of knowledge,” the idea is strongly reflected in his construction of epistemology, his concept of the human person, the curriculum, and the educational processes he proposes. At the epistemological level, Tafsir positions revelation as the highest source of value that guides reason and experience, aligning with the principles of the Islamization of knowledge that reject secularist assumptions in the development of knowledge. In the domain of curriculum and educational design, the integration of religious sciences and modern sciences becomes a foundational principle that eliminates the dichotomy of knowledge and emphasizes a tawhidic orientation. The educational process is understood as a space for value internalization, character formation, and moral exemplarity, uniting knowledge with ethics. This study concludes that Ahmad Tafsir’s thought provides an important contribution to the development of an integrative Islamic educational paradigm rooted in tawhid while remaining responsive to the dynamics of modern scientific knowledge.

Introduction: Incidental findings often occur on periapical radiographs may occur due to the increasing use of periapical radiographs for supporting examinations and the increasing resolution of radiographs. Purpose: To explain about efficiency of periapical radiographs for detecting supernumerary paramolar teeth. Research Methods and Results: This Literature Review is designed to provide an overview of sources that have been searched when researching the topic related to the efficiency of periapical radiographs for detecting supernumerary paramolar teeth. Article searches were conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct using predetermined keywords, namely periapical radiograph, parapremolar, and supernumerary teeth. This literature review uses literature published in 2015–2025 which can be accessed in full text in pdf format. Discussion: Clinical assessment and radiological examination are needed for the diagnosis of supernumerary paramolar teeth. The location of supernumerary teeth from radiographs is an important diagnostic complement for clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning. Conclusion: Dentists often prefer periapical radiography over panoramic radiography to evaluate oral health, especially in children, due to the low dental X-ray exposure. In many cases, patients only require periapical radiography focused on the teeth. This highlights the strong need for intelligent diagnostic techniques to improve the accuracy and efficiency of periapical radiographic analysis.

This study aims to analyze quality control at the Lekkerz Enakk business in Bogor branch using three statistical tools, namely Checksheet, Pareto Diagram, and Fishbone. Data collection was conducted through interviews with the owner, admin, and employees, as well as direct observation at the nearest branch location regarding the production process. Based on the results of the observation, three defects were found that frequently occurred during the production process within a period of seven days with the most dominant lekker product damage being a non-crispy texture (42%), and non-uniform color (27%). Based on the fishbone analysis, these defects were caused by Man (human), Machine (machine) factors. The implications of this study indicate that it is necessary to improve operational standards, workforce training, and supervision of raw materials and production equipment to maintain the quality and efficiency of the lekker production process at the Lekkerz Enakk business in Bogor.