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21st-century skills are a crucial aspect that students must master, equipping them to face the challenges of modern development. In history learning, the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is considered a powerful tool for transforming learning from rote memorization to active, problem-solving-based learning. This study aims to analyze the role of PBL in enhancing 21st-century skills in history learning through the Problem-Based Learning (SLR) approach. The research method used in this study is the SLR with a prism procedure. The data were obtained from a search of scientific articles through Google Scholar using the keywords Problem-Based Learning, 21st-Century Skills, and history learning. From the initial 2,540 articles obtained, after screening based on relevance, quality, and year range, six key articles were obtained. The study results indicate that PBL is effective in enhancing 21st-century skills through discussions, historical source analysis, and contextual problem-solving. This approach is considered appropriate for the curriculum because it encourages student-centered learning, rather than teacher-centered learning. Although PBL still faces several challenges in its implementation, it remains a relevant and effective learning strategy for developing 21st-century skills.

This study is based on the fact that history learning in secondary schools is still dominated by a memorization-based approach, which does not fully encourage deep understanding or interest in learning among students, while the characteristics of the digital generation demand more interactive, visual, and participatory strategies. This study aims to examine the urgency of utilizing interactive media in history learning, identify relevant forms of media, and explain their implications for the quality of the learning process and outcomes. The method used is a literature study examining various recent studies on the use of interactive multimedia, digital e-books, historical videos and simulations, and educational games in history learning. The results of the study show that the use of interactive media contributes to increasing interest and motivation in learning, strengthening understanding of concepts and the chronology of events, and developing students' critical and historical thinking skills, while encouraging a shift in the role of teachers to become facilitators and innovators of learning. Therefore, its integration needs to be designed in a targeted and contextual manner to be in line with the characteristics of students and the demands of 21st-century learning.

This study aims to analyze the use of digital media in the form of infographics to improve student learning outcomes in history lessons, specifically regarding the events of the national movement in the 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan in the 2024/2025 academic year. Along with technological advancements, the use of digital media is becoming increasingly popular in education as an alternative to improve student understanding and learning interest. One form of digital media used is infographics, which can simplify complex information into easier-to-understand information through engaging visual elements. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR), implemented in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of infographics in history lessons can improve student understanding and learning interest. Improved student learning outcomes were evident in improved test scores after the use of infographics, as well as increased student active participation in class discussions. Furthermore, students also responded positively to the use of this digital media because infographics presented information in a more engaging and easy-to-understand manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of digital media in the form of infographics can be effective in improving students' history learning outcomes, particularly in understanding the material on the national movement. Therefore, it is recommended that history teachers consider using infographics in their lessons to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes.

Maddoja Bine is an agrarian tradition of the Bugis people in Soppeng Regency, performed before sowing rice seeds in the nursery. This ritual contains social, religious, and cultural values ​​deeply rooted in the belief system and social structure of the local community. This study aims to examine the history, ritual procession, socio-religious dimensions, and the dynamics of change and preservation of the Maddoja Bine tradition through an ethnographic approach. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various national and international journal sources published in the last ten years, supplemented by a qualitative analysis of the results of previous research. The results of the study indicate that Maddoja Bine functions not only as an agricultural ritual, but also as a medium for collective prayer, a means of transmitting moral values, and strengthening social solidarity in the Bugis community. Along with social change, agricultural modernization, and religious influences, this ritual has undergone transformations in form and practice, but still maintains its core values ​​as a local cultural identity. Thus, Maddoja Bine is a tradition that is dynamic and adaptive to changing times, yet remains relevant as an intangible cultural heritage of the Bugis community.

The Great Mosque of Banten is a historical heritage that reflects cultural acculturation and the glory of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago. This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between the government, local communities, and site managers in preserving the Great Mosque of Banten using the Collaborative Governance theory by Ansell and Gash (2007). A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through interviews, field observations, and document studies conducted in the Great Mosque area. The findings reveal that collaboration among stakeholders has not yet reached optimal levels due to limited communication, trust gaps, and conflicting interests. Nevertheless, functional cooperation has emerged through joint activities in sanitation, security, and tour guide training. Based on the five indicators of the collaborative process, direct communication (face to face dialogue) and trust building remain major challenges, while shared understanding between government agencies, the foundation, and the community has begun to develop. This study highlights the importance of sustainable collaborative governance in preserving the religious, historical, and social values of the Great Mosque of Banten while supporting the welfare of the surrounding community.  

Thei diisseimiinatiion of hadiith reifeirs to thei proceiss of transmiittiing, ciirculatiing, and iinteirpreitiing thei propheitiic tradiitiions of thei Propheit Muhammad (peiacei bei upon hiim) across geineiratiions through variious meidiia and scholarly meithods. Thiis proceiss plays a viital rolei iin preiseirviing thei contiinuiity of Iislamiic teiachiings whiilei einsuriing thei autheintiiciity of hadiith. Thiis artiiclei aiims to analyzei thei conceipt of hadiith diisseimiinatiion iin deipth by eixamiiniing iits theioreitiical foundatiions, hiistoriical practiiceis duriing thei classiical peiriiod, and iits transformatiions iin thei diigiital eira. Thei study eimploys a qualiitatiivei-deiscriiptiivei approach baseid on liibrary reiseiarch, drawiing upon both classiical and conteimporary sourceis iin hadiith studiieis. Thei fiindiings iindiicatei that hadiith diisseimiinatiion iis iinheireintly fleixiiblei and capablei of adaptiing to changiing conteixts and meidiia, whiilei reimaiiniing fiirmly groundeid iin thei priinciipleis of sanad (chaiin of transmiissiion), matn (teixtual iinteigriity), and scholarly eithiics.

Pusat Kota Lama Toboali merupakan kawasan historis yang menyimpan nilai-nilai spasial, sosial, dan budaya yang penting dalam sejarah urban Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Transformasi yang terjadi dari masa kolonial hingga kini telah mengubah banyak elemen pembentuk citra kota yang mempengaruhi persepsi kolektif masyarakat terhadap identitas kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis perubahan elemen-elemen pembentuk citra kota berdasarkan teori Kevin Lynch (paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks) serta bagaimana perubahan tersebut berdampak terhadap karakter kawasan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan rasionalistik kualitatif dengan metode historis-interprektif, observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, cognitive mapping, dan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap perencanaan kota berkelanjutan dan strategi pelestarian kawasan historis Toboali.  

This study aims to describe and analyze the transformation process from maritime empires to nation-states in Southeast Asia, as well as the factors that drove it and its impact on regional societies. The study uses a literature study method by collecting and analyzing data from various relevant primary and secondary sources. The results show that Southeast Asia has a long history of maritime empires such as Srivijaya, Majapahit, and Malacca, which became centers of trade, the spread of religion, and the formation of early social structures. The transformation to nation-states was influenced by the influx of European influence, the growth of nationalism, and changes in economic structures. The transformation process included changes in the formation of national borders, government systems, the development of state institutions, as well as changes in social structures, the spread of education, and shifts in cultural values. The impacts of the transformation included increased state sovereignty, economic development, and improvements in the quality of life for the people, but also brought challenges such as ethnic tensions, corruption, and socioeconomic inequality. This study concludes that the transformation process is a complex journey that shapes the characteristics of modern nation-states in Southeast Asia today.

This study aims to examine the historical legacy of the Sriwijaya and Majapahit Kingdoms in the context of the development of Southeast Asian civilization through a literature review approach. The study focuses on the contributions of both kingdoms in various aspects, including politics, economy, maritime activities, culture, education, and international diplomacy. Research data were obtained from primary and secondary sources, such as historical manuscripts, inscriptions, archaeological reports, and national and international scholarly publications. The findings indicate that the Sriwijaya Kingdom played a significant role as a major maritime power and an international center of Buddhist education that influenced intellectual networks across Asia. Meanwhile, the Majapahit Kingdom was prominent in developing systems of governance, law, and regional integration of the Nusantara through extensive political and trade networks. Both kingdoms not only shaped the social and cultural structures of their respective periods but also laid an important historical foundation for the formation of identity and regional dynamics in modern Southeast Asia. Therefore, the legacies of Sriwijaya and Majapahit remain highly relevant for understanding historical processes, regional integration, and the long-term development of Southeast Asian civilization.

Artikel ini menganalisis krisis moral yang dihadapi oleh raja-raja dalam Kitab 2 Tawarikh serta implikasinya terhadap etika kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan kontemporer. Dengan menggali pelajaran dari sejarah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana pemimpin modern dapat menghindari kesalahan yang sama dan membangun pemerintahan yang lebih etis dan bertanggung jawab. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi analisis hermeneutik dan kajian literatur, dengan fokus pada teks-teks skriptural dan konteks sejarahnya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan moral sering kali berasal dari ketidakcocokan antara cita-cita kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan yang praktis, menekankan pentingnya integritas dan akuntabilitas dalam kepemimpinan. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi pada diskursus tentang pemerintahan etis dengan menarik paralel antara teks kuno dan tantangan kepemimpinan saat ini.

Mu'tazilah is an ancient Islamic theological school of thought that has had a significant influence on the growth of rational and scholarly Islamic thought. This paper aims to examine the historical journey of Mu'tazilah since its emergence after the Tahkim incident following the Battle of Siffin. It explores the dynamics of cross-debate that accompanied it and its contribution to the advancement of science during the Abbasid dynasty, especially during the reigns of Caliphs al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim. Using a descriptive historical approach and conceptual analysis, this study proves that the main concepts of Mu'tazilah, such as al manzilah bayna al manzilatayn and the focus on rationality, not only sparked theological debates but also stimulated the modernization of academic traditions through translation movements and the solidification of educational institutions such as Bait al Hikmah. Although the authoritarian implementation of Mu'tazilah teachings through mihnah regulations led to public resistance and contributed to its downfall, the intellectual legacy of Mu'tazilah is still relevant in the contemporary context. The rational ideas of Mu'tazilah are embodied in the concept of modern Islamic reform, including the views of Harun Nasution in Indonesia and the works of theological figures such as al Jahiz, who made significant contributions to the disciplines of linguistics and sociology. This study confirms that the rational and critical methods of Mu'tazilah still have important value in the development of Islamic theology that is interactive, adaptive, and sensitive to the challenges of the modern era.

The film Habibie & Ainun not only presents a love story of two important national figures but also represents Indonesia’s historical journey through an emotional and inspiring personal narrative. The film combines elements of romance with social, political, and national development contexts, giving it significant potential as a popular medium for historical learning. This study aims to analyze how the film can be utilized as a medium for historical education, particularly in instilling values of nationalism, exemplary leadership, and the spirit of innovation among the wider public, especially the younger generation. This research employs a qualitative approach using narrative analysis to explore visual representations, character dialogues, and storylines that portray B.J. Habibie’s struggle to develop the national technology industry amid political and social dynamics and limited resources. The results indicate that Habibie & Ainun functions as an effective historical learning medium because it successfully connects historical facts with emotional elements that are easily understood and accepted by the public. Through the depiction of the main character’s exemplary qualities, values of dedication, and love for the nation, the film makes a significant contribution to strengthening national identity and enhancing public appreciation of contemporary Indonesian history.

Muara Takus Temple is a valuable historical heritage in Riau Province and a testament to the glory of ancient civilization in the Indonesian archipelago. However, the environment around the temple often faces problems such as litter, vegetation damage, and declining public awareness. Clean-up and environmental preservation activities in this area demonstrate the involvement of the younger generation and the community in preserving the historic site. Through a participatory approach, this community service program aims to describe the process, results, and social impact of preservation activities in the Muara Takus Temple area. The results of the community service program demonstrate increased public awareness, the formation of cross-institutional collaboration, and the strengthening of the value of mutual cooperation in preserving cultural heritage and the environment. The results demonstrate that the involvement of the community, students, and site managers has successfully raised collective awareness of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and preserving cultural heritage. Furthermore, this activity strengthened the synergy between historical and environmental preservation through tree planting, waste management, and the provision of educational boards. This activity demonstrates that cultural heritage preservation can be revitalized through active participation and cross-generational collaboration.

The United States is often called the "land of the free" and the "land of opportunity," but its history is also rife with discrimination and injustice. This abstract explains how racism and inequality have shaped American society throughout the ages. This discrimination began with the system of slavery imposed on African Americans in the 17th century. This system not only took away their freedom but also placed them in a highly unfair situation. After slavery ended, discrimination persisted through Jim Crow laws, which allowed for racial segregation in areas such as education, transportation, and public services. Additionally, other groups such as Native Americans, Asian immigrants, and Latino communities also faced oppression. Native Americans' ancestral lands were confiscated, and they were forced to relocate to reservations. Asian immigrants experienced unfair treatment, including bans on entry and exclusion. Although the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century successfully eliminated many laws that discriminated against, injustice persists. Systematic forms of racism are still evident in economic inequality, the way the law is administered, and disparities in access to education and adequate housing. Thus, American history is a story of the ongoing effort to realize the promise of justice for all its people, a process that continues to this day.

This research aims to develop Zepp Quiz as a creative learning media to enhance students' understanding of Islamic Cultural History at Madrasah Aliyah. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The developed product consists of 10 multiple-choice questions about the Conquest of Mecca with varying difficulty levels, equipped with supporting illustrations, educational feedback, point systems, timers, and leaderboards. Data collection was conducted through quantitative methods using validation questionnaires from media experts and material experts with a Likert scale of 1-5. Data analysis was performed descriptively by calculating average scores and feasibility percentages. The results showed that media expert validation obtained an average score of 4.31 or 86% in the very feasible category, while material expert validation obtained an average score of 4.25 or 85% in the very feasible category. Based on expert validation results, Zepp Quiz learning media is declared very feasible to be used as a creative learning media in Islamic Cultural History learning at Madrasah Aliyah.

This study discusses the development of narratives on Islamic morality and history through interactive audiovisual media as an effort to address the learning needs of the digital generation that demands high engagement, engaging visualizations, and immersive learning experiences. Based on library research methods, this study examines literature on narrative pedagogy, Islamic historiography, and digital learning technology to formulate a narrative model that integrates cognitive, affective, and interactive aspects. The review shows that although audiovisual media and technologies such as AR/VR have been proven to increase student motivation and understanding, studies specifically combining narratives on morality, Islamic history, and interactivity design are still limited. This study proposes a participatory narrative model based on interactive audiovisual through choice-based storytelling, reflective quizzes, and micro-scenarios that can strengthen historical understanding while internalizing moral values. The analysis shows that interactive media serves not only as a means of conveying information but also as a space for moral experience that allows students to build empathy, reflection, and value awareness. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of narrative pedagogy in Islamic education and provides practical recommendations regarding media design, teacher readiness, and infrastructure support for the implementation of more effective and meaningful digital learning.

This quasi-experimental study examines the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted learning in enhancing critical thinking skills among undergraduate history students. The study involved 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received AI-supported instruction integrating adaptive learning modules, scaffolded source-analysis prompts, and guided argumentative discussions facilitated by conversational AI tools, while the control group followed conventional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using a validated critical thinking test, classroom observation protocols, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests, while qualitative data were examined through Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model. Results indicate statistically significant improvements in critical thinking scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thematic findings reveal enhanced sourcing, contextualization, corroboration, and evidence-based argumentation skills. However, minor risks of over-reliance on AI highlight the need for instructional scaffolding and ethical guidance. The findings suggest that AI can function as a cognitive scaffold that strengthens historical thinking and metacognitive awareness when implemented within a structured pedagogical framework.

This Community Service Program aims to enhance the understanding of parents, Madrasah Tsanawiyah students, and the community of Karangbong Village regarding the history of developmental psychology and major child development theories. The program was initiated due to the community’s limited knowledge of developmental concepts, which affects the quality of parenting practices. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, educational sessions, and discussions, the program presented essential materials covering the history of developmental psychology, Piaget’s cognitive development theory, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ comprehension of developmental stages and their ability to apply appropriate parenting strategies. The program also reinforced the awareness that child development is a responsibility and divine trust that must be nurtured optimally. Overall, this activity contributes to the development of informed, adaptive, and development-oriented parenting within the community.

This study aims to review the historical development of theology from the classical period to the contemporary period and its relationship with Islamic theological thought in the modern era. Theology plays an important role as a basis for understanding the creed and an intellectual response to the challenges of thought in every period of Islamic history. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method on ten major scientific works that discuss the development of Islamic theology. Data were collected through document review and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques to trace the evolution of theological thought. The results show that theology of theology experienced three main phases of development: the classical period which emphasized rational defense of faith, the medieval period which combined reason and revelation in theological thought, and the modern period which focused on the issue of pluralism and contemporary socio-religious challenges. This study concludes that Islamic theology is a dynamic discipline and continues to adapt to the intellectual and social contexts of each era.

This research examines inter-ethnic marriages between Acehnese and Bugis-Makassar communities in Makassar City from 1990 to 2004, which emerged as a consequence of social mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and compatibility of religious values. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that trigger inter-ethnic marriages, the underlying customary processes, and the socio-cultural dynamics that occur within family life. This research uses historical methods, including the heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with data obtained thru in-depth interviews with four families and related documentary sources. The research findings indicate that holding a wedding requires cultural negotiation between the two groups, with some families adopting traditional Acehnese ceremonial customs, while others implement Bugis-Makassar traditions. In family life, couples face differences in values regarding communication, gender role division, and religious practices, which are then overcome thru a dialogue-based process of adaptation and compromise. This process results in the formation of hybrid cultural identities, the expansion of social networks, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic integration. Overall, intertribal marriages serve as a medium for cultural reconciliation and a means of building more inclusive social relationships in a multicultural society.