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Fernanda Agip; Adinda Putri Maharani; Zella Nissa

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Individual behavioral factors are critical determinants of organizational effectiveness and a vital component of modern organizational diagnosis. This study aims to identify and map individual behavioral factors as strategic indicators in organizational diagnosis using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA 2020. Analysis of ten selected articles reveals that organizational effectiveness in the digital transformation era is driven by a reciprocal equilibrium between an individual's cognitive infrastructure and volatile work environment demands. The findings synthesize these behaviors into four strategic clusters: psychological well-being as primary infrastructure, digital structural support audits, justice and trust equilibrium, and psychological contract synchronization. This research provides tactical implications for Human Capital practitioners to transform annual diagnostic methodologies toward the implementation of monthly pulse surveys to detect fluctuations in well-being and disengagement intentions in real-time. This predictive diagnostic step is essential to mitigate turnover risks and design precise institutional interventions in hybrid work ecosystems.

Siti Ismatus Zahro; Husnul Hotimah; Sabrina Salsabila; Mu’alimin Mu’alimin

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing the performance and effectiveness of educational organizations through a systematic literature review. The development of modern educational organizations demands human resource management that is not only oriented toward administrative aspects but also considers the psychological dynamics of individuals, including behavior, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles from the Google Scholar database. The results of the study indicate that management psychology contributes significantly to organizational productivity through three main aspects: effective organizational communication to build trust, psychology-based leadership that increases work motivation and satisfaction through recognition and fairness, and constructive conflict management that transforms tension into opportunities for innovation. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the integration of various psychological dimensions, such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and self-efficacy, is a key element in creating a conducive work environment. Therefore, leaders of educational institutions are advised to adopt a humanistic leadership style to optimize the potential of human resources and achieve superior educational quality in a sustainable and effective manner within the modern era.

Putri Hidayatul Fitri; Nadilla Riska Purnomo; Muhammad Nabil Rabbani; Mu’alimin Mu’alimin

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This study aims to examine the role of management psychology in improving work motivation in organizations through a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various scientific sources relevant to the topics of management psychology, work motivation, and organizations. The results of the study indicate that management psychology plays a significant role in understanding individual and group behavior in the workplace through psychological aspects such as needs, attitudes, emotions, and personality. Work motivation is a key factor influencing employee performance, which is influenced by both internal and external factors, including rewards, work relationships, environmental conditions, and opportunities for self-development. Various motivational theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG, Mcclelland's Needs, And Vroom's expectancy theory provide a foundation for understanding the dynamics of work motivation. In addition, the implementation of the performance management cycle, which includes planning, monitoring, evaluation, and rewarding, has proven effective in improving employee morale.

Durrotus Shoimah; Qurrotul Azizah; Muhammad Fikri Abdillah; Mu’alimin Mu’alimin

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

One of the most important factors influencing how well students learn is their motivation to learn. Teachers must actively manage students' psychological well-being, as low motivation to learn can lead to less-than-ideal learning outcomes. In addition to imparting knowledge, teachers can also act as motivators and facilitators, fostering an emotionally and psychologically supportive learning environment. Therefore, particularly in madrasah environments that prioritize spiritual values, teachers' psychological management techniques are crucial for enhancing students' motivation to learn. The purpose of this study was to examine various psychological management techniques used by madrasah instructors to enhance students' willingness to learn. A qualitative research approach with a literature review approach was used as the methodology. Information was gathered from various sources, including books, academic journals, and related documents on learning motivation and educational psychology management. The findings revealed a number of useful tactics that educators can employ, such as developing strong emotional bonds with students, fostering a relaxed and supportive learning environment, expressing gratitude and positive reinforcement, recognizing each student's unique needs and characteristics, and incorporating spiritual values ​​into the educational process. As demonstrated by increased active engagement, learning interest, and learning outcomes, the implementation of these methods has been shown to enhance students' motivation to learn. Therefore, effective and meaningful learning is greatly influenced by the teacher's psychological management.

Tina Yulia; Zulian Fikry

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics of bilih fish traders at Lake Singkarak in facing periods of scarcity, including psychological processes, survival strategies, and the impacts experienced. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the traders possess strong psychological resilience in dealing with economic and environmental pressures. Cognitively, they demonstrate adaptive thinking and maintain optimism; affectively, they are able to manage negative emotions such as anxiety and stress; and conatively, they remain active in making efforts to sustain their businesses. The adaptive strategies implemented include business diversification, restructuring of capital management, and strengthening social networks with fishermen and other business actors. These dynamics are influenced by internal factors such as experience, religious values, and social responsibility, as well as external factors such as environmental conditions and market competition. Overall, psychological resilience, social values, and spirituality are key factors in maintaining business sustainability during periods of scarcity. Therefore, support from the government is needed in the form of training, financial assistance, and policies that favor local business actors.

Iftah Rizki Fatimah Yasmin; Nabila Nabila; Shefiyah Mediana; Lilik Chumaidah; Suwatah Suwatah

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Social interaction is an important part of students' lives, especially in the school environment and socializing with peers. In the process of this interaction, verbal bullying behavior often appears which is often considered a form of joke or a natural thing. In fact, verbal bullying can have a quite serious psychological impact on students who experience it. This study aims to examine various forms of verbal bullying that occur in social interactions in students and analyze the psychological impact it causes. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources in the form of research journals, scientific articles, and relevant books published in the range of 2016–2026. The results of the study show that verbal bullying in students can appear in various forms, such as mockery of physical or ability, insults, the use of harsh words, yelling, and humiliation in front of others or the general public. Various studies have also shown that these behaviors are influenced by the factors of the friendship environment, lack of emotional control, and excessive joke culture among students. The psychological impact caused includes decreased self-confidence, the emergence of feelings of sadness, anxiety, stress, and a tendency to withdraw from the social environment. Therefore, attention from various parties, especially the school and family environment, is needed to prevent and reduce the occurrence of verbal bullying so that students' psychological development can take place in a healthy manner.

Susi Nofitasari; Sufirna Nofri Yanti

Jurnal Kajian dan Penalaran Ilmu Manajemen 2026 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh efektivitas sistem e-Filing terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi dalam pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 100 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya dengan Pearson Product Moment dan Cronbach’s Alpha. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas e-Filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pelaporan pajak, dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,624 dan R² sebesar 0,488. Artinya, sebesar 48,8% variasi kepatuhan dapat dijelaskan oleh efektivitas e-Filing. Penelitian ini terbatas pada satu wilayah dan satu variabel bebas, sehingga penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mencakup area yang lebih luas dan variabel yang lebih beragam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi digital dalam administrasi perpajakan harus mempertimbangkan faktor psikologis pengguna, seperti persepsi kemudahan dan manfaat sistem. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan literatur perpajakan digital dan dapat menjadi masukan strategis bagi otoritas pajak dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan melalui optimalisasi layanan digital.

Meli Ira Ferawati; Supriadi Supriadi; Syafrizal Syafrizal

Jurnal Kajian dan Penalaran Ilmu Manajemen 2026 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

Kinerja pegawai merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan organisasi, namun dalam praktiknya masih terdapat variasi kinerja yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis dan kondisi kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi kerja, kesejahteraan kerja, dan semangat kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada CV Berkah Sarana Anugerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif, dengan populasi sebanyak 30 pegawai yang seluruhnya dijadikan sampel melalui teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Likert, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja, kesejahteraan kerja, dan semangat kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja pegawai tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan teknis, tetapi juga oleh faktor psikologis dan kondisi kerja yang mendukung. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya peran organisasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi, kesejahteraan, dan semangat kerja pegawai guna mencapai kinerja yang optimal dan berkelanjutan.

Nayla Ramadhani; Jzaskia Agustriyadi; Mochammad Isa Anshori

Maslahah : Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2026 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Transparency in human resource management has become a strategic issue in modern organizations, particularly through the implementation of salary transparency as part of the broader concept of radical transparency. This study aims to analyze the psychological and managerial impacts of salary information disclosure and its implications for human resource leadership within organizations. The research employs a qualitative approach using a narrative literature review by examining relevant scholarly articles published within the last five years. The findings indicate that salary transparency contributes positively to enhancing employees’ perceptions of fairness and trust; however, it may also generate negative consequences such as social comparison, interpersonal conflict, and decreased job satisfaction if not properly managed. From a managerial perspective, salary transparency promotes greater accountability, strengthens performance evaluation systems, and encourages more open and participative leadership practices. This study contributes by integrating psychological and managerial dimensions into a comprehensive conceptual framework and highlights the importance of organizational readiness in strategically managing transparency policies to achieve effectiveness and sustainability.

Nurlaili Hidayatul Baiti; Rachmat Panca Putera

Jurnal Miftahul Ilmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 2026 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

This study aims to revisit the role of permissive parenting in the digital era and to analyze how psychological well-being mediates the relationship between permissive parenting and online gaming addiction among adolescents. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA standards. Data were collected from reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from the last ten to fifteen years. The findings indicate that permissive parenting tends to increase the risk of online gaming addiction indirectly through the deterioration of adolescents’ psychological well-being. Psychological well-being serves as a significant mediating variable that explains how the lack of parental control and guidance contributes to weaker self-regulation in adolescents’ digital behavior. These results highlight that online gaming addiction is not solely influenced by external factors but is also strongly associated with internal psychological conditions. This study contributes theoretically by integrating parenting style, psychological well-being, and addictive behavior into a comprehensive analytical framework, while also offering practical implications for parents and educators in developing family-based preventive strategies in the digital era.

Widya Isma Dayanti; Husnul Hotimah; Rudi Khobiron; Mu’alimin Mu’alimin

Ikhlas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Due to its focus on the psychological components of leadership, motivation, communication, and human resource development in educational institutions, management psychology is becoming an increasingly significant perspective in educational management. The use of management psychology in the classroom is considered crucial for improving organizational performance and teacher motivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how management psychology can enhance teacher work motivation and its impact on school efficacy. This study reviewed previous research on the use of management psychology in education using a qualitative approach and literature review methodology. Using keywords related to management psychology in education, teacher motivation, educational leadership, and educational organizational performance, systematic search of scientific publications published in the Google Scholar database between 2022 and 2026 was used to collect data. Identification, screening, eligibility evaluation, and final selection of relevant publications were all steps in the literature selection process. Thematic coding techniques were used to examine six selected publications to determine the main findings, methodology, and research emphasis of each study. The findings suggest that the use of management psychology in educational management techniques, such as effective communication, teacher empowerment, supportive leadership, and the establishment of equitable reward systems, can significantly enhance teacher motivation and foster a positive work environment. In addition, these approaches increase the effectiveness of educational institutions, improve teacher performance, and foster collaboration within the school environment. To promote teacher professional development and raise the overall standards of educational institutions, it is crucial for educational administrations to incorporate a psychological perspective.

Zulfasa Kaila Yuniasih; Azwa Qonitatun; Sahra Naura Luwistiana; Alifa Rizqi Kaila; Ratna Muthia

Hikmah : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study analyzes the dynamics of "Early Marriage and Shattered School Hopes" regarding eroded psychological well-being and pawned adolescent ideals in Brebes Regency. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered via in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis from eight informants, processed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. Findings reveal early marriage is not merely a social event but systemic trauma damaging psychological structures through three aspects: first, victims' psychological conditions marked by identity loss, prolonged anxiety, and "fatalistic resignation"; second, lost educational access due to interactions of "normative-cultural coercion," "institutional structural barriers," and "economic-domestic double burdens"; third, manifestations of buried ideals comprising "hindered academic grief," "identity cognitive conflict," and "internalized existential despair." The research proves education loss from early marriage destroys human potential, altering character, leaving spiritual voids, and perpetuating intergenerational poverty cycles, thus urgently demanding holistic interventions including psychosocial rehabilitation and alternative education pathways. This study's main contribution is introducing the "systemic trauma" concept that actively extinguishes adolescents' existential hopes, filling literature gaps by providing a detailed psychological map to formulate recovery policies previously neglected in early marriage prevention discussions.

Muhammad Rifai Setiawan; Dimasrizal Dimasrizal; Aditya Romadhon; Cholillah Suci Pratiwi

Mandub: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora 2026 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Political participation is a key indicator of local democratic quality. However, participation levels are shaped not only by structural factors but also by the configuration of social and psychological determinants underlying voting behavior. This study examines the configuration of social and psychological factors in political participation in Bangko District during the 2024 Merangin local election. A qualitative case study approach was employed. Informants were obtained using snowball sampling, including voters, community leaders, local election organizers, and campaign teams. Data were collected through in‑depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that participation is shaped by three key social factors family influence, neighborhood networks, and proximity to local political actors and three psychological factors political trust, perceived vote efficacy, and pragmatic motivation. The interaction of these dimensions produces a rational‑communal participation pattern, in which voting decisions are influenced by both benefit considerations and social pressure. These findings highlight that local political participation emerges from the interplay between social structure and individual psychological orientation. The study contributes to the literature on voting behavior in Indonesian local politics.

Rofi'atunnisa; Nurihsan, Juntika; Dahlan, Tina Hayati

Jurnal Riset sosial humaniora, dan Pendidikan (Soshumdik) 2026 LPPM Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

The ups and downs of learner participation in learning activities at Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) is not only influenced by technical factors, but is also closely related to how they interpret their learning experiences. Through the lens of Self-Determination Theory, this study explores the urgency of fulfilling basic psychological needs—namely autonomy, competence, and relatedness—to maintain and increase learning motivation. This research uses a phenomenological approach to explore the subjective experiences of three school-age learners in the Equivalency Education program, Paket C. Through in-depth interviews, it was found that environmental support for the fulfillment of learners' basic psychological needs varies greatly. The quality of social interaction in the PKBM environment proved to be key; warm, open, and consistent interpersonal support was able to encourage more authentic learning engagement. These findings underscore that PKBM is not merely an academic space, but a crucial social ecosystem in facilitating basic psychological needs, which ultimately determine learners' intrinsic motivation and perseverance in learning.

Reva Diena Mustaqina; Sri Mulyeni

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2026 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

Social media is one form of technological advancement that has become an integral part of students’ lives, including university students. Its use is not limited to communication and information sharing, but it may also generate psychological effects that influence both physical and mental health. The purpose of this review is to identify and explain the psychological impacts of social media use through appropriate theoretical approaches, which serve as a foundation for discussing the research findings. This study employs a literature review method by examining various academic books and relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that excessive use of social media has the potential to cause psychological problems among university students, such as social comparison behavior, cyberbullying, decreased sleep quality, and reduced learning productivity. These issues are influenced by several factors, including the intensity of social media use, the type of content accessed, and individuals’ ability to manage emotions and time. Furthermore, uncontrolled social media use may lead to difficulties in social relationships, increased procrastination, poor time management, and reduced self-control in using social networking platforms. Therefore, students are encouraged to develop healthier patterns of social media use to reduce the risk of psychological disturbances. This review is also expected to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students.

Yunanto Hendra Wahyudi; Emmanuel Satyo Yuwono

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the relationship between shyness and social anxiety in new students in the Faculty of Psychology at Satya Wacana Christian University (UKSW). The method used was quantitative, using a simple random sampling technique involving 99 subjects. This study measured shyness and social anxiety using two instruments: the RCBS 13 for shyness and the SAS-A for social anxiety. The collected data were then analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment statistical method to determine the relationship between the two variables. The results showed no significant relationship between shyness and social anxiety in new students, with a correlation (R) of 0.86 and a significance level of 0.398 (P > 0.05). This indicates that high levels of shyness in new students do not directly correlate with their levels of social anxiety. This means that higher levels of shyness do not necessarily lead to increased levels of social anxiety. This finding contradicts several previous studies that suggested a positive relationship between shyness and social anxiety. This study provides new insights into the psychological dynamics experienced by new students, particularly in the UKSW Faculty of Psychology, which should be considered in developing orientation programs or mental health support for new students. Furthermore, these findings also open up opportunities for further research that could explore other factors influencing the relationship between shyness and social anxiety.

Moh Nur Iman Siyus Setyowati; Dihin Muriyatmoko; Eko Prasetio Widhi

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Teknik 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

Career selection is an important process for students at Darussalam Gontor University (UNIDA) because it influences their academic development and future employment. However, many UNIDA students experience difficulties in determining suitable careers due to a lack of understanding of their psychological characteristics. This study aims to build a Decision Support System (DSS) for career recommendations for UNIDA students based on psychological test results using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The psychological data used are non-clinical test results collected through a structured questionnaire from six respondents and converted into numerical scores. The research stages include determining criteria and weights, compiling a decision matrix, normalization process, calculating preference values, and ranking career alternatives using SAW. The career alternatives used consist of academics, corporate professionals, entrepreneurs, managers, and social/public services. The results show that the managerial career alternative obtained the highest preference value of 0.861, followed by entrepreneurs at 0.824, corporate professionals at 0.778, social/public services at 0.737, and academics at 0.703. These findings demonstrate that the SAW method is capable of providing objective and systematic career recommendations based on the psychological profiles of UNIDA students. This research is expected to assist UNIDA students and academics in making more informed career decisions tailored to individual characteristics

Naila Yustiara; Raines Respati, Azka Acuzio; Nurmiati, Evy

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2026 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

The success of information systems projects in the digital transformation era is often hindered by unhealthy team dynamics, even when technical aspects have been optimally met. This study aims to analyze the synergy between inclusive communication strategies and digital leadership styles in building team health and sustainable performance. The research method employed is a qualitative literature study, integrating variables such as digital leadership, psychological safety, and knowledge management. The results indicate that digital leadership serves as a primary catalyst in creating a psychologically safe work environment, which in turn enhances the creative self-efficacy of team members. Synergy is effectively established when leaders adopt transparent communication channels through digital collaboration tools to mitigate role conflict and technostress within hybrid work environments. Furthermore, knowledge coordination is proven to strengthen team cohesiveness through the conversion of personal knowledge into strategic organizational assets. The study concludes that the integration of empathic communication and adaptive leadership is the fundamental basis for the cognitive, psychological, and operational health of the team. This research produces a managerial synergy framework to mitigate the risk of project failure caused by human factors in the digital era.

Rahmawati Dwi Nurhasanah; Cahya Maulidya; Intan Rahma; Iin Fadilah; Maulida Awwaliya +5 more

Jurnal Motivasi Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Adulthood is a crucial time for preparing for old age. During this period, a person experiences physical, mental, and social changes that can impact psychological well-being in later life. Prior to writing this article, an outreach program was conducted with adults regarding the aging process and the importance of emotional preparation to better understand and prepare them for old age. Emotional preparation encompasses a person's ability to understand, control, and express feelings wisely. Inadequate emotional preparation can increase the risk of stress, anxiety, and loneliness in old age. This study aims to examine the role of emotional preparation in adulthood on psychological well-being in old age. The method used was a literature review. The results indicate that adults with e better ablegood emotional preparation ar to adapt to life's changes in old age. Therefore, strengthening emotional preparation in adulthood is crucial to supporting psychological well-being and a healthy aging process.

Rizki Maulana Hidayatullah; Finanin Nur Indana; Azzahra Rojaa Aisyah; Tiffani Hanifah Supriyanti

WISSEN : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Psychology personnel in primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) play a strategic role in delivering mental health services at the primary level; however, they are frequently confronted with complex and multifaceted job demands. This study aims to examine the effects of workload and work stress on the job performance of psychology personnel in Puskesmas in Surabaya City. A quantitative approach with a correlational cross-sectional design was employed. The study population comprised all psychology personnel working in Puskesmas in Surabaya City, with total sampling applied, resulting in 63 respondents. Workload and work stress were measured using five-point Likert scales, while job performance was assessed based on monthly psychology service reports. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the majority of psychology personnel experienced high workload levels and relatively high work stress, whereas overall job performance was predominantly categorized as good. Regression analysis revealed that workload and work stress simultaneously had a significant effect on job performance, and partially both variables exerted a negative effect on performance. These findings suggest that although psychology personnel are generally able to maintain adequate performance, excessive workload and elevated work stress may potentially undermine performance in the long term if not properly managed. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of systematic workload management and work stress intervention strategies to sustain the quality of psychological services in primary healthcare settings.