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This study examines theologically the practice of giving dowry in Sumbanese weddings. This tradition has been passed down from generation to generation and is often associated with church weddings. Various responses to dowry, especially from Christians, are the main focus. The method used is a literature study, with the object of study being the giving of dowry in the marriages of biblical figures such as Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob and Rachel, David and Michal, and Shechem and Dinah. The theological reflections produced include: First, dowry in the Bible functions as a sign of appreciation for women and their families. Second, dowry is not coercion, but rather a way for men to show love for their future wives. Thus, dowry in Sumbanese culture does not conflict with Christian faith and has a positive value for helping each other. The implications include: First, dowry must be in accordance with the man's ability. Second, dowry should not be used as a tool to fulfill personal ambitions. Payment of dowry should be for the common good. Third, dowry must be given in an honorable manner, without justifying any means to prove the ability to pay dowry at a high price.

This study aims to test the influence of liquidity as measured by the Current Ratio and Solvency as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio  and Profitability with Return On Equity proxy on Stock Price. The data used is secondary data from the Annual Report. The sample used in this study was 15 companies in the Food and Beverage subsector. listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that meets the requirements for use in research with a period of 20 20 to 2023 ( 4 years), so that the data observed is 60. This study uses a quantitative method with SPSS analysis tools . The findings of this study indicate that Liquidity has a positive effect on stock prices. Solvability and profitability partially do not affect stock prices.  

This study aims to determine the influence of brand image and customer reviews on the purchasing decision of Gambir tea, with price as an intervening variable at UD. Sondel in Pakpak Bharat Regency. This research is quantitative with the population consisting of residents of Pakpak Bharat Regency. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with a total of 100 respondents. The data were processed using SPSS version 26, with analysis methods including classical assumption testing, path analysis, Sobel test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that: (1) brand image has a direct significant effect on price, (2) customer reviews have a direct significant effect on price, (3) brand image has a direct significant effect on purchasing decisions, (4) customer reviews have a direct significant effect on purchasing decisions, (5) price has a direct significant effect on purchasing decisions, (6) brand image has an indirect significant effect on purchasing decisions through price, and (7) customer reviews have an indirect significant effect on purchasing decisions through price.

Firm value reflects investors’ perception of a company’s success, often associated with stock price. An increase in firm value can serve as a positive signal for investors, indicating promising future prospects. This study aims to examine and explain the influence of leverage, company size, and asset structure on the value of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study involves a sample of 77 mining companies for the period 2020–2024. Data was collected using a non-participant observation method. The analytical technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that leverage has a positive and significant effect on firm value, company size has a negative and significant effect on firm value, and asset structure has a positive but insignificant effect on firm value.

The reserchaims to examine the impact of product quality and price on customer satisfaction with The Originote skincare products. The research is motivated by the growing public awareness of skincare and the increasing interest in local skincare brands, particularly The Originote. The data is a questionnaire using a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the variables. The findings reveal that product quality has a positive significant effect on customer satisfaction, where significance probability value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Consumers tend to prefer high-quality products as they offer a sense of security, comfort, and benefits that meet ex-pectations. However, price does not significantly, with a significance probability value of 0.534, which is greater than 0.05. This indicates that consumers prioritize product quality and ingredients over price. The study's implications highlight the need for companies to focus on maintaining and improving product quality to ensure and enhance customer satisfaction.

Marketplace or E-commerce is an internet-based online media as a place to conduct business activities and transactions between buyers and sellers. In the marketplace or e-commerce, buyers can search for as many suppliers as possible with the desired criteria so that they get the appropriate market price. Tokopedia is a marketplace based in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of brand image in mediating the influence of online customer reviews on purchasing decisions. This study was conducted in Denpasar City with a sample of 100 respondents using the non-probability sampling method with the purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is the inferential analysis technique including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), path analysis, Sobel test and VAF test. The results of this study indicate that online customer reviews have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Online customer reviews have a positive and significant effect on brand image. Brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Brand image partially mediates the influence of online customer reviews on purchasing decisions for Tokopedia users in Denpasar City. The implications of this study can be used as consideration and input for Tokopedia in improving consumer purchasing decisions by considering the variables of online customer reviews and brand image.

This research aims to analyze the influence of price on purchasing decisions for shrimp cracker products in Punti Village, Soromandi District, Bima Regency. By using primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to consumers, this research identifies the relationship between price variables and purchasing decisions. The analysis results show that price does not have a significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a significance value greater than 0.05. Although the data used is reliable with 95.3% valid cases, the data distribution is not normal which can affect the analysis results. The multiple linear regression test and F test show that the regression model built is not significant, with only 2.5% of the variation in purchasing decisions that can be explained by price. These findings indicate the need for further research to explore other factors that might influence purchasing decisions for shrimp cracker products in Punti Village.

This research aims to analyze buyer behavior towards skincare products, with a focus on factors that influence purchasing decisions, product preferences, the influence of social media, and promotional strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods to collect data from respondents regarding habits, preferences and external influences in purchasing skin care products. Data analysis techniques are carried out descriptively to identify trends and patterns of consumer behavior. The research results show that product quality is the main factor in decisions (91.3%), followed by needs and price. TikTok emerged as the top platform for seeking information (77.9%), while influencer reviews had a significant influence with 91.3% of respondents considering them before purchasing a product. The majority of consumers prefer local products (60.6%) compared to imports. Additionally, promotional strategies such as discounts and cashback proved effective in attracting attention, with 93.3% of respondents expressing interest in the offer. This research concludes that skincare buyer behavior is influenced by a combination of rational and emotional factors, which are strengthened by the influence of social media and promotions. These findings provide insight for producers in designing marketing strategies that are more effective and in line with consumer needs.

This study aims to analyze consumer trust levels toward Roti Aoka in the Pamarayan region. Roti Aoka, a flagship product of PT Indonesia Bakery Family, is widely known for its affordability (IDR 2,000–IDR 4,000) and good quality. Using a survey questionnaire method with purposive sampling, 100 respondents were selected based on their experience consuming Roti Aoka. The data shows that 97.2% of respondents are familiar with the product, while 98.1% have purchased it. The majority of respondents (81.1%) expressed satisfaction or high satisfaction with the product's quality, taste, and price. However, there is room for improvement, with 39.6% of respondents giving neutral responses regarding quality. This study highlights the importance of flavor innovation, ingredient education, and service enhancement to maintain consumer loyalty.

The fitness supplement industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth due to increasing public interest in healthy lifestyles. In this competitive market, the Evolene brand faces the challenge of maintaining customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the effect of price, product quality, and promotion on customer loyalty to the Evolene brand. The research uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents who had purchased Evolene products. The results showed that the three variables price, product quality, and promotion had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Promotion has the greatest influence compared to other variables, followed by product quality and price. In addition, the validity and reliability of the measurement instruments have been tested using outer model analysis, which shows valid and reliable results. Limitations of the study include sampling limited to Evolene customers as well as external factors such as market trends that cannot be fully controlled. This study recommends companies to integrate competitive pricing strategies, maintain product quality, and optimize digital promotions to strengthen customer loyalty.  

The goals of this study is to assess the expenses associated with the production of goods at Mr. Lamadi's ronggo chicken noodle umkm located on Jl. Manunggal Amd, Patoman, Pangkemiri, Kec. Tulangan, Sidoarjo Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing samples selected based on primary data. The outcome of this study reveal the production cost of goods on chicken noodles for chicken noodle toppings and pentol amounting to Rp. Rp. 9.500, for the retail price of Rp 14.500 then for chicken feet noodles of Rp. Rp. 8.000 for a retail price of Rp. 12.000 and for original chicken noodles Rp. 7,500 with a retail price of Rp. 11,500. In this analysis, there is a price distinction between the COGS calculation and the selling price of chicken noodles at the market price.

A hotel is one of the places needed as lodging facilities. The selection of a hotel is indispensable to the goals and needs of the visitor. In addition, a strategic location and a comfortable atmosphere are also considerations. The lack of information about hotels is one of the problems for visitors when it comes to a city to determine the desired hotel. This study develops a Decision Support System (SPK) to choose the best hotel in Medan City using the Outranking RElation Sorting method on basis of Threshold Exploration (ORESTE). This system is designed to assist visitors in choosing a hotel that meets the desired criteria. The Outranking RElation Sorting method on basis of Threshold Exploration (ORESTE) is used to determine the weight of each attribute and perform alternative ranking of hotels. In this study, the criteria used include the type of hotel, location, facilities, service and price. This system is expected to help visitors in making more precise and objective decisions. The results of the study show that this SPK system can help visitors in choosing the best hotel that suits their needs.

This paper aims to investigate who the market makers are and how they are manipulating retail traders in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method used is library research and field research. The approach to this research is a descriptive approach because it wants to describe the empirical reality behind the phenomenon in depth. Information data uses primary data, namely conducting interviews and secondary data which is data that is available through journals, books and other factual supporting sources. Apart from that, analysis of the information data used uses the Miles & Huberman Interactive Analysis Model starting from data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Stock observation observation method through the stockbit application, to see stock movements over the current 3 (three) year period. Fried stocks are one of the stocks that can provide fast returns in the blink of an eye. To transact in fried stocks, someone must have an aggressive risk profile and already have a lot of experience in the world of stocks. The share price had an extraordinary increase, this was caused by the Market Maker deliberately manipulating the share price.

This research aims to analyze the determination of the cost of production at the Akar coffe Shop to determine the optimal product selling price. In facing intense competition in the coffe industry, determining the right selling price is very important for business continuity. The research method used is mix method approach with production cost analysis, which includes raw material, labor and overhead costs. The findings of the study indicate There is a difference in the calculations according to the simple approach and full costing which affects the selling price.This research emphasizes the importance of accuracy in pricing to maintain a balance between costs and profitability.

This study aims to analyze consumer desires and satisfaction with Mochi Crackers innovation products using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approaches. Indonesia's food and beverage sector, especially snacks, continues to grow by creating innovative products such as Mochi Crackers, which adapts the traditional mochi snack into a modern product with a longer shelf life and crunchy texture. A survey was conducted involving 50 respondents from various backgrounds, using a Likert scale to measure the level of satisfaction and importance of product attributes. The results showed that the majority of consumers were attracted to this product because of its practicality, taste, and affordable price. Through the CSI analysis, a satisfaction index was obtained which shows the overall level of consumer satisfaction. Meanwhile, IPA analysis identifies product attributes that need to be improved to improve product quality and competitiveness in the market. This study provides recommendations to Mochi Crackers manufacturers to focus on improving the quality of packaging and promotion to strengthen the product's position in the market.

When making investment decisions, it is crucial for investors to consider various risks that may arise, both in the short and long term. One method to measure risk is through volatility. Volatility represents a statistical measurement of the degree of price variation over a specific period, expressed as volatility (σ) (Aklimawati & Wahyudi, 2013). This study aims to discuss the pricing of European option contracts using Conditional Monte Carlo simulation and the Black-Scholes method. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from Yahoo Finance. The data consists of quantitative information, namely the monthly closing prices of Toyota Motor Corporation (TM) stock, spanning 5 years from July 1, 2019, to July 1, 2024, yielding 60 data points. In this research, the pricing of European call option contracts was calculated using Conditional Monte Carlo simulation and the Black-Scholes method. The study concludes that European option contract pricing can be determined using two methods: Conditional Monte Carlo simulation and the Black-Scholes method. Conditional Monte Carlo simulation can be employed to calculate European option prices in a structured manner, utilizing stochastic volatility estimated through the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The two methods yield differing option prices; Conditional Monte Carlo simulation produces lower option price estimates with relatively lower error values compared to the Black-Scholes method at every strike price. The lower estimates from Conditional Monte Carlo simulation are due to its consideration of stochastic changes in volatility, whereas the Black-Scholes method results in higher prices due to its assumption of constant volatility. The comparison demonstrates that Conditional Monte Carlo simulation provides cheaper price estimates under market conditions with non-constant volatility, despite requiring higher computational time compared to the Black-Scholes method.   ,

This study analyzes the relationship between price and Universitas Gadjah Mada students in choosing residential accommodations. This study uses correlation methods with the independent variables such as discount, parking area, internet facilities, building quality, and cleanliness and also the dependent variable in the form price. Data refers to primary data from a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The research results show that all variables have an influence on prices and students' decisions in choosing residential preferences. This study also shows that the size of the parking area is the most influential variable on the preferences of Universitas Gadjah Mada students in choosing residential accommodations, where a large parking area increases interest and housing prices. Apart from that, building quality, environmental cleanliness, internet facilities, and discounts also have a significant influence, because they support students' economic, social, and emotional needs, as well as contributing to their comfort and quality of life.

Examining how tax avoidance, company size, and financial performance affect stock values is the aim of this study. A thorough analysis of the 2021-2023 financial statements of infrastructure companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) was conducted in order to support this study. Employing a purposive sampling methodology, the sample for this research comprised 22 infrastructure firms.Every selected entity that serves as a research sample provides the secondary data used in this study through its financial statement. To elucidate financial performance, this research utilized the following variables: Current Ratio (X1a), Debt-to-equity Ratio (X1b), Total Asset Turnover (X1c), Return on Equity (X1d), Price-earnings Ratio (X1e), and Company Size (X2) as the second independent variable, alongside Tax Avoidance (X3) as the third independent variable. The research methodology employed in this study was the panel data regression approach, utilizing the E-views 12 software to facilitate the analysis of the research outcomes. The result of the research suggest that the Random Effect Model (REM) constitutes the most efficacious analytical framework. Furthermore, the findings of the study reveal that, while the other variables did not exert an influence on stock price, both the Return-on-equity Ratio (X1d) and Company Size (X2) significantly impacted stock price.  

The study aims to measure the information content of the accounting profits of banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the sample included 10 banks for a period of 4 years (2016-2019). The study concluded that banks that have a high explanatory ability reflect greater stability in the stock price, which would reassure Investors and stakeholders, thus reducing dispersion and fluctuations in the stock price, while banks with weak explanatory power show higher volatility in the stock price, which indicates additional risks that increase the fluctuation in investor returns, and the influencing factors have a major role in enhancing or reducing the information content of profits. Which explains the discrepancy between banks, and the study recommended the need to enhance the quality of financial disclosure, especially banks with weak explanatory capacity, increase transparency, and work to enhance the informational content of profits, which in turn increases investors’ confidence in accounting information, as well as encouraging banks to strengthen their internal control systems, which helps in Reducing accounting errors and the accuracy of declared profits, thus stabilizing the share price. Strengthening the administrative capabilities of executive managers contributes significantly to enhancing the informational content of profits by allocating the company’s available resources efficiently and effectively.

The growth of the internet has influenced the tourism industry because the internet makes it easier for individuals to obtain reviews about places to visit and because the internet is a tool used by tourist site managers to assess the quality of their offerings. The increase in the number of tourists of almost two million in just three years in West Sumba is proof of this influence. Social media is a tool that people use to interact with each other online; some people have multiple accounts on platforms such as Instagram, WhatsApp, Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, and so on. Tourists can receive recommendations for tourist attractions based on price and type of trip desired through a tourist attraction recommendation system that uses the KNN algorithm. Three factors were used in this research: activity, type of tourism, and type of price. An accuracy of 63.16% is found in the test results using the KNN algorithm and the Rapid Miner application with a K value of 5. The analysis results show that the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) approach can be used as a guideline for recommending tourist destinations to visitors in West Sumba.