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This study focuses on the symbolic meanings embedded in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, with semiotic analysis serving as the theoretical foundation. The purpose of this study is to examine how the figurative language used in the poems contributes to conveying deeper symbolic meanings, beyond their role as mere rhetorical devices. The findings of this research reveal that the figurative language within the poems plays a significant symbolic role in expressing complex themes such as inner suffering, memories, identity, alienation, and the quest for the meaning of life. Symbols like 'storm,' 'refrigerator,' 'dusk,' 'window,' 'door,' 'river,' and others are employed to represent abstract concepts, providing a more nuanced understanding of the human experience. The study identifies various types of figurative language, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. Each of these elements serves to enrich the meaning of the poems, adding layers of depth to the interpretation and enhancing the aesthetic experience for the reader. Through these figurative expressions, the poet effectively invites the reader to engage with both the emotional and intellectual dimensions of the poetry. This research emphasizes how Joko Pinurbo's use of figurative language transcends its traditional ornamental function, making it a powerful tool for conveying complex symbolic and existential themes. By analyzing the symbolic meanings in the poems, this study contributes to a deeper appreciation of the interplay between language, meaning, and emotion in contemporary Indonesian poetry.

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a type of ornamental plant characterized by flowers in shades of purple, blue, pink, and white. Besides being an ornamental plant, butterfly pea is also commonly used in traditional medicine. Several previous studies have confirmed its health benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct phytochemical screening for flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids using the Wilstater method, foam test, Dragendorff’s reagent, and Wagner's test. This study demonstrates the presence of flavonoid, saponin, and alkaloid compounds in butterfly pea flowers, indicated by positive results in various tests conducted.

This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic texts in depth. The results of the study show that the figurative language in the poems does not only function as rhetorical decoration or mere linguistic ornamentation, but has a strong and essential symbolic function in conveying hidden messages and the poet's inner emotions. Symbols such as "storm", "refrigerator", "twilight", "window", "door", "river", and others are not only concrete images, but convey deep meanings related to inner suffering, past memories, the search for self-identity, feelings of alienation, and the search for the universal meaning of life. In addition, this study also identifies various types of figurative language used by Joko Pinurbo in the anthology, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. All types of figurative language are skillfully used to enrich the meaning of poetry and deepen the aesthetic experience of readers, allowing them to feel and reproduce the messages hidden behind the words. Thus, this study confirms that the use of figurative language in poetry is not only a literary technique, but also a powerful medium of expression and a means of communicating complex meanings in modern literary works. This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic text in depth.

This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic texts in depth. The results of the study show that the figurative language in the poems does not only function as rhetorical decoration or mere linguistic ornamentation, but has a strong and essential symbolic function in conveying hidden messages and the poet's inner emotions. Symbols such as "storm", "refrigerator", "twilight", "window", "door", "river", and others are not only concrete images, but convey deep meanings related to inner suffering, past memories, the search for self-identity, feelings of alienation, and the search for the universal meaning of life. In addition, this study also identifies various types of figurative language used by Joko Pinurbo in the anthology, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. All types of figurative language are skillfully used to enrich the meaning of poetry and deepen the aesthetic experience of readers, allowing them to feel and reproduce the messages hidden behind the words. Thus, this study confirms that the use of figurative language in poetry is not only a literary technique, but also a powerful medium of expression and a means of communicating complex meanings in modern literary works. This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic text in depth.

The central building of the cyber world in the city center plays a significant role in enhancing community activities, providing social space, and contributing to the city's image. As the first shopping center in Palembang City, International Plaza has historical and strategic value in the city's development. However, over time, the attractiveness of International Plaza has decreased significantly. This decline is caused by several factors, such as the development of new, more modern shopping centers and the lack of updates to the building's design elements that can attract visitors. This study aims to analyze the potential for redesigning International Plaza with a local cultural approach. In this redesign concept, the Sarinah Building in Jakarta is used as a comparative study because it has successfully combined modern concepts with the development of traditional elements that reflect local culture. The Sarinah Building, although designed with a modern approach, still maintains cultural values relevant to the surrounding community, thus creating a space that is not only functional but also has visual and emotional appeal for its visitors. The results of the study indicate that with a modern architectural approach that remains based on local culture, International Plaza has the potential to revitalize and attract visitors. The suggested redesign includes changes to the building's facade by adding ornaments typical of Palembang City, such as traditional carvings or motifs that reflect the richness of local culture. These ornaments can be applied using secondary skin techniques to building facades, which not only enhance aesthetics but also serve as sunscreens. Furthermore, zoning and tenant order are crucial for a more organized and comfortable visitor flow. Finally, enhancing the public space at the front of the building with additional public facilities, gardens, and gathering areas can create a more vibrant and enjoyable atmosphere for visitors.

This study aims to analyze the effect of revenue on the ornamental fish business at PT. Indotama Putra Wahana. Revenue in this context refers to all income obtained by the company, both from export activities and from sales through online platforms such as Tokopedia. Business growth is defined as the increase in net profit, reflecting the sustainability and development of the company in running its operations. Therefore, it is important to analyze the contribution of income from both sources to the company’s success and growth. The data used in this study includes export revenue over the past six months and revenue from Tokopedia over the past four months. Net profit is calculated by subtracting total income from monthly operational costs. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis processed using SPSS software to obtain more accurate results. The research findings show that the ANOVA test resulted in an F value of 38.429 with a significance value of 0.007, indicating that both export revenue and Tokopedia revenue significantly affect business growth simultaneously. This suggests that both types of income play an important role in driving the company's growth. Additionally, the t-test shows that export revenue has a greater impact on business growth compared to Tokopedia revenue. The regression coefficient for export revenue is 0.987, while for Tokopedia revenue, it is 0.536. Overall, this study reveals that export revenue has a greater impact on the growth and sustainability of the ornamental fish business at PT. Indotama Putra Wahana. These findings provide deeper insight for the company to focus on export strategies to enhance net profit and ensure the sustainability of its business.

The objective of this investigation is to describe the semiotics of the ornaments found on the traditional Karo house known as Siwaluh Jabu in the cultural village of Lingga. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed in this study. The theoretical framework was based on the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data consist of ornaments located on the exterior parts of the Siwaluh Jabu house. The investigation was conducted in the cultural village of Lingga, located in the Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The findings reveal the presence of various ornaments on the Siwaluh Jabu house, including: (1) buffalo horn, (2) Kudin Taneh, (3) Lumut-Lumut Lawit, (4) Ipen-ipen, (5) Pengret-ret, (6) Pantil Manggis, (7) Bunga Bincole, (8) Pucuk Merbung, (9) Embun Sikawiten, (10) Bindu Matagah, (11) Tapak Raja Sulaiman, (12) Cimba Lau Tutup Dadu, (13) Bindu Matogoh, (14) Teger Tudung, (15) Dapur-dapur, (16) Cuping-cuping, and (17) Taruk-taruk. Each ornament is imbued with symbolic meaning, which is closely connected to the culture, religion, and social structure of the Karo community.

This research aims to explore the visual potential of the goldfish as a source of inspiration in the creation of hand-drawn batik works by incorporating traditional Mandailing ornaments. The goldfish was selected due to its strong symbolic meaning in local culture, representing luck, prosperity, and happiness. Meanwhile, Mandailing ornaments rich in philosophical and aesthetic cultural values serve as supporting elements that strengthen the visual identity of the work. The creative method used in this study follows the approach proposed by Husen Hendriyana, consisting of four stages: preparation, imagination (exploration), development of imagination (design), and realization (execution). The creative process involves illustrating the form of the goldfish combined harmoniously with distinctive Mandailing motifs such as bona bolu, bindu pusuk ni robung, burangir/aropik, sipatomu-tomu, bintang na toras, rudang, raga-raga, sancang duri, jagar-jagar, bondul na opat, tagan, bintang dohot tolu lingkaran, timbangan, podang, gancip, takar, pinggan, mataniari, horis, loding/upak, bintang, alaman bolak, parbincar mataniari, gimbang, lotus flower, and gumbot. The outcome of this research consists of 12 hand-drawn batik artworks applied as wall decorations using a contemporary approach. These works function both aesthetically and educationally, as well as decoratively. The artworks are expected to contribute to the development of hand-drawn batik as a visual art form that adapts to modern times, while also promoting and preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Mandailing through a broader visual format.

The undergraduate thesis entitled “Conceptual Metaphors in the Album Folklore by Taylor Swift” aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in the Folklore album and analyze what are the meanings of the conceptual metaphors found. Metaphors are widely used in human life to create easier understanding of the form of communication. Metaphors are not merely ornamentals but they also take the roles of fundamental cognitive tools that develop how human beings understand and explore the world. This study was conducted by using a qualitative method. The Album Folklore was used as the data source. The data were collected using documentation technique analyzed through a descriptive-qualitative approach. The theory used for this study was Conceptual Metaphor Theory by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The findings show that there are three types of conceptual metaphor in the album. Firstly, five structural metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Mirrorball”, “This Is Me Trying”, “Illicit Affair”, and “Betty”. Secondly, five orientational metaphors were found in the album, specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile ft. Bon Iver”, and “Epiphany”. Thirdly, five ontological metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile. Ft. Bon Iver”, “Mirrorball”, and “Invisible String”.    

The Majapahit Surya Ornament is an ornament in the form of a sun decoration with a circular center and the outermost part forming the rays of the sun. The center is circular and has been divided into eight rooms with one room on the middle side. The Majapahit Surya Ornament is found in the Trowulan Museum and the Great Mosque of Demak. This ornament is a symbol of Hindu-Buddhist cosmology during the Majapahit era, which was adapted into a symbol of monotheism in the Islamic tradition during the Demak Sultanate. This study uses a three-form cultural approach: ideas, activities, and artifacts to analyze the transformation of ornaments in terms of philosophical meaning, social function, and physical form. The results of the study show that in the Trowulan Museum, this ornament is maintained in its original form to symbolize harmony and divine power, while in the Great Mosque of Demak, this ornament has undergone modifications in meaning and technique according to Islamic-Javanese values. This finding reveals the process of harmonious cultural acculturation between Hindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java, while also emphasizing the relevance of the Majapahit Surya ornament as a symbol of the rich and dynamic cultural heritage of the archipelago.

The lack of public understanding of the cultural and historical values contained in multicultural worship buildings. Sam Poo Kong Temple in Semarang is an important object to study cultural acculturation reflected in its architecture, visual aesthetics, and historical values. This research aims to reveal how the combination of Chinese, Javanese and Islamic elements is reflected in the physical and symbolic forms of the temple. The method used is descriptive-analytical qualitative through direct observation, visual documentation, interviews, and literature study. The analysis was done thematically with architectural aesthetics and visual semiotics approaches. The results show that Sam Poo Kong Temple not only functions as a place of worship, but also as a symbol of tolerance and multicultural identity. The combination of ornaments, colors, structures, and symbols represent the values of togetherness, spirituality, and cross-cultural heritage. This temple plays an important role in strengthening social cohesion and becoming a cultural asset that supports the development of an inclusive and harmonious society.  

The beach cloth works created apply Nias ornaments as a renewal idea to make them attractive and different from previous beach cloths. The aim is to find out the preservation activities of Nias ornaments in the cycle of batik-based beach cloths. Nias ornaments have certain symbolic meanings that are believed and trusted by the local community. Ornaments that are part of fine art by paying attention to the principles in applying Nias ornaments to the beach cloths created. The creation process is carried out by: 1. Data collection, 2. Determining ornaments as samples, 3. Designing digital-based motifs, 4. Transferring designs to primis mori cloth, 4. The canting process using liquid wax, 5. Coloring beach cloth, 6. Locking the color of the cloth using waterglass, 7. Removing wax by boiling and processing the cloth, 8. Drying the cloth until dry. The creation produced 12 different beach cloth works with innovations to preserve Nias ornaments, while at the same time socializing beach cloth as a typical souvenir of the Nias tribe through art exhibitions.

In the furniture packaging process, there is one problem that often hinders the effectiveness of time and space used. Many furnitures are designed in compact or intact forms so they cannot be disassembled. This affects the process of loading goods into a truck or container which is becoming increasingly limited in quantity. If the furniture is designed as knockdown, the process of loading goods will be easier and can save time, space, and energy. The knockdown furniture designed is a chair inspired by disassembly toys such as lego, figurines or action figures, and tazos. For aesthetic impression to the product, ornaments or decorations are added with materials from wood waste. Various types of wood waste found in furniture industry locations include bark, wood pieces, wood chips, and sawdust. The use of wood waste as decorative element in designed products can reduce the amount that often piles up as waste that cannot be used. This waste is even only used as burning material for other production waste causing negative impact on the environment due to air pollution. The wood waste utilized is teak wood branch waste that cut into small circles to be glued to the knockdown chair designed.

This study aims to analyze the community’s interest in the digitalization design to support the agricultural potential of Sukaharja Village, Bogor Regency. The village has significant agricultural potential but faces marketing challenges due to limited access to broader markets and dependence on middlemen. The research employed qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and questionnaires distributed to 30 farmers managing commodities such as taro, pineapple, and ornamental plants. The findings indicate that while farmers show high enthusiasm for digital solutions like e-commerce, their digital literacy and technological access remain limited. To address these issues, the team developed a digital platform named “Suka Belanja di Harja,” designed to improve product marketing, provide educational content, and empower local farmers. The initiative had a positive impact by increasing farmers’ motivation and awareness about digital marketing. However, ongoing support, infrastructure improvement, and tailored training are necessary to ensure successful digital transformation in rural agriculture.

This study aims to create a carved wall decorative lamp that highlights and introduces the rich traditional ornaments of the Karo ethnic group. The creation process includes the stages of form exploration, design planning, and piercing carving techniques using materials such as mahogany wood, jelutung, and bamboo. The Karo ornamental motifs used in this creation include the motifs of Palm Manggis, Lukisen Umang, Pengeret-ret, Pendamaiken, Desa Siwaluh, Pucuk Marebung, Bungga Gundur, Teger Tudung, Sisik Kaperas, Lukisen Kurung Tendi, Kaba-kaba, Pucuk Tengiang, Lukisen Suki, Tutup Dadu, Cimba Lau, Embun Sikawiten, Bindu Mateguh, and Tapak Raja Suliaman, which were selected for their strong aesthetic values and philosophical meanings. This work serves not only as a source of decorative lighting but also as a medium for preserving Karo cultural heritage. The result shows that the combination of function and traditional values can produce applied art that is both aesthetic and meaningful.  

Creativity and innovation are essential aspects in developing entrepreneurial skills among students, especially in the field of handicrafts that focus on creating high-value products. This community service program aims to enhance the creativity and skills of fourth-semester Business Administration students through training in making simple flower vases decorated with pearl and diamond mat ornaments using wax glue. The method applied is project-based learning combined with a participatory approach, actively involving students in every stage from planning, implementation, to product evaluation. The training results show significant improvements in knowledge about flower vases and product innovation (54.5%), ornament attachment techniques (74.0%), design creativity (63.5%), and product aesthetics (38.3%). Intensive mentoring during practice encouraged students to develop creative designs that are not only visually appealing but also have high market value. This program not only improves students’ technical skills and creativity but also fosters the entrepreneurial spirit necessary to face increasingly competitive market challenges. Visual documentation serves as an important medium for evaluation and promotion of innovative student products. In conclusion, this training effectively develops students’ creative and innovative potential while opening sustainable and environmentally friendly business opportunities based on handicrafts.

This study aims to analyze the cultivation process and marketing management strategies of ornamental plants applied by Ganda Nursery as one of the MSMEs in the horticulture sector. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that Ganda Nursery has succeeded in implementing sustainable ornamental plant cultivation techniques, including through the selection of superior seeds, the use of organic planting media, and pest control based on botanical pesticides. From a management aspect, Ganda Nursery utilizes digital marketing strategies through social media such as Instagram and WhatsApp to expand market reach and increase sales. This success cannot be separated from the application of sustainability principles and Islamic values ​​that emphasize the importance of managing natural resources wisely and responsibly. The obstacles faced include fluctuations in market demand, business competition, and limited resources, but are overcome by product innovation and improving service quality. This study is expected to be a reference for other MSMEs in developing sustainable and highly competitive ornamental plant businesses.

In today's digital era, the application of digital marketing is the main key in increasing the sales volume of various products, including ornamental corals. This research aims to find out how CV Rezky Bahari Makassar applies digital marketing to increase sales of ornamental corals. Through a qualitative approach of exploratory case study type, data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. data analysis methods using descriptive qualitative. The results showed that CV. Rezky Bahari Makassar has implemented various digital marketing strategies, including social media marketing, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Website and Email Marketing, Integrated digital marketing strategies focus on attractive visual content, technological innovations such as 360-degree videos and direct interaction with customers to increase the visibility and accessibility of its products to consumers. The implementation of this strategy resulted in a significant increase in sales of ornamental corals. Despite facing challenges such as a decline in revenue due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the company managed to return to a positive growth path through digital marketing strategies, with sales revenue reaching its highest peak in 2023. This research provides insights into effective digital marketing practices in the ornamental coral industry and suggests that the integration of various digital channels can result in increased sales.

research discusses the transformation of Tumbilotohe culture in Gorontalo City as a response to the dynamics of the times and technological advancements. Tumbilotohe, which initially was a tradition of lighting oil lamps to mark the end of Ramadan, now experiencing significant changes in form, meaning, and implementation. This study uses qualitative approach with case study method, relying on in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation to explore the community's perceptions of the changes. The research results show that although the spiritual substance of Tumbilotohe remains maintained, its visual and technical aspects have been modernized through the use of electricity, digital ornaments, and decorative light shows. This transformation is influenced by technological developments, demands of the creative economy, and efforts to preserve culture in a more appealing form for the younger generation. This research emphasizes that culture dynamic and adaptive, as well as the importance of collaboration between society and the government in maintaining traditional values amidst the tide of modernization.

The revitalization of urban heritage areas in Indonesia, exemplified by Panggung Street in Surabaya, faces multifaceted challenges encompassing the preservation of historical character, socio-economic enhancement, and the creation of inclusive public spaces. Current revitalization efforts often misalign with the area’s authentic features such as inappropriate facade treatments while neglecting accessibility for vulnerable groups and failing to foster effective collaboration among stakeholders. This study employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach, synthesizing field observations, in-depth interviews with local actors, comprehensive literature reviews, and precedent analyses of Braga Street in Bandung and heritage zones in Malacca. Data were analyzed using SWOT and root cause analysis to identify systemic barriers and leverage opportunities, while comparative-historical interpretation contextualized Surabaya’s urban identity. Triangulation ensured methodological rigor and validity. The research culminates in a holistic revitalization framework emphasizing three key strategies: restoration of authentic architectural features, including original colors and ornamentation, enhancement of inclusive infrastructure, such as accessible pedestrian pathways and universal signage and active community participation through workshops and cultural initiatives like the Kya-Kya night market. This integrated approach not only preserves the area’s historical integrity but also fosters social cohesion, economic vitality, and collective pride. The study demonstrates that combining heritage conservation with inclusive design principles can transform urban spaces into dynamic, accessible, and sustainable environments. The findings offer valuable insights for other Southeast Asian cities facing similar heritage revitalization challenges.