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Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This research discusses the development of philosophy of science in the context of management science in the era of digitalization. With a qualitative approach, this research identifies the role of philosophy of science as a conceptual foundation in facing the challenges of the digital era, such as automation, big data and artificial intelligence. This study outlines the three main pillars of the philosophy of science, namely ontology, epistemology and axiology, and their application in the development of management theory and practice. The research results show that integrating the philosophy of science in management can increase adaptability, innovation and ethics in organizational management in the digital era. This research recommends strengthening management education based on the philosophy of science to produce leaders who are competent and broad-minded

Truth and responsibility are fundamental ethical principles that shape leadership practices in corporate settings. This study explores the philosophical foundations of truth and responsibility and their applications in leadership ethics within organizations. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research synthesizes findings from various philosophical schools, such as deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, to examine how leaders can navigate ethical dilemmas, foster integrity, and build trust. The results reveal that embracing truth and accountability enhances decision-making processes, strengthens organizational culture, and mitigates ethical risks. This study highlights the significance of philosophical reflection in addressing modern leadership challenges, particularly in fostering transparency and ethical responsibility in complex business environments. Future research should focus on integrating these principles into leadership development programs to promote sustainable and ethical organizational growth.

This article discusses various philosophical thinking methods that have significantly impacted the implementation of management science. Philosophical schools such as rationalism, empiricism, skepticism, idealism, and pragmatism offer unique perspectives on understanding reality and knowledge and how these can be applied in management practice. This research aims to identify philosophical paradigms that can help mitigate risks in management and comprehensively apply the fundamentals of social science. Through a literature review approach, the results show that philosophical thinking methods enhance managerial flexibility and open space for systematic thinking in decision-making.

Fiqh education in the context of Islam is often understood merely as the transfer of knowledge regarding normative laws. However, the exploration of fiqh education as a process that can shape students' character in accordance with the goals of education, which not only transfers knowledge but also forms individual values and character, has not yet been evident. This is due to the lack of understanding of the essence of fiqh education from the perspective of educational philosophy. This article aims to explain that fiqh should not only be viewed as law but also as education rich in moral   and character values. Fiqh education, when analyzed through several philosophical perspectives such as ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological studies, reveals its moral and character values. From an ontological perspective, fiqh education can be directed towards understanding the meaning of Islamic education and the relationship between fiqh law and moral values. This shows that fiqh education plays a role in building students' character. In the epistemological aspect, the Qur'an and Hadith serve as the primary sources of knowledge. Teaching methods that include textual, rational, and empirical approaches motivate students to understand the legal context more deeply. Axiology in fiqh education emphasizes the importance of moral values and social responsibility, aiming to shape individuals with high morality. Teaching methodologies are also evolving with new approaches, such as problem-based active learning, to enhance students' interest in understanding the material. Thus, it is hoped that the education of fiqh will not only produce individuals who are well-versed in normative laws but also individuals of noble character in accordance with religious teachings.  

This study employed knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) to extract and discover knowledge from the Benue State Polytechnic (Benpoly) admission database and used a structural causal model (SCM) ontological framework to represent the admission process in the Nigerian polytechnic education system. The SCM ontology identified important causal relations in features needed to model the admission process and was validated using the conditional independence test (CIT) criteria. The SCM ontology was further employed to identify and constrain input features causing bias in the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) framework applied to machine learning (ML) black-box predictions. The ablation process produced more stable LIME explanations devoid of fairness bias compared to LIME without ablation, with higher prediction accuracy (91% vs. 89%) and F1 scores (95% vs. 94%). The study also compared the performance of different ML models, including Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, and Logistic Regression, before and after ablation. The limitation is that the SCM ontology is qualitative and context-specific, so the fair-LIME framework can only be extrapolated to similar contexts. Future work could compare other explanation frameworks like Shapley on the same dataset. Overall, this study demonstrates a novel approach to enforcing fairness in ML explanations by integrating qualitative SCM ontologies with quantitative ML/LIME methods.

The integration of religion and science has become the subject of interesting debate in the modern intellectual world. Hossein Nasr, an Islamic philosopher and scholar, made important contributions to understanding the relationship between these two fields. In his perspective, Nasr emphasizes the importance of understanding religion and science holistically, as two complementary dimensions in the search for truth. This article explores Nasr's thinking on the integration of religion and science, highlighting his arguments about the epistemological and ontological differences between the two as well as attempts to unite them in a coherent view. The discussion also includes the practical implications of Nasr's views in the context of modern life.

Geriatrics is a branch of gerontology that studies the level of health in the elderly from various aspects, including: promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative which includes physical, mental and social health. In principle, geriatrics strives for a happy and useful old age. Throughout the world today, the number of elderly people is estimated to be more than 629 million people, and in 2025 it is projected that the number of elderly people will reach 1.2 billion. Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high number of elderly people. In 2010 the number of elderly aged 65 years and over was 11 million, and it is projected that in 2020 the number of elderly will increase by 7.2%. Even the United States Census Bureau estimates that Indonesia will experience the largest increase in elderly citizens in the world in 2025, namely 414%. The increasing number of elderly will affect the welfare of the elderly (Ministry of Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012). The increase in the elderly population is of course accompanied by the risk of various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, neuromuscular disease and lung disease. Around 50-80% of elderly people aged more than 65 years will experience more than one chronic disease. This is related to the fact that the older you get, the more health problems you experience. One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need professional assistance.

This study aims to analyze the imagery of Joko Pinurbo's collection of Surat Kopi poetry. This type of research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis method. The data sources in this study were 10 poetry titles contained in Joko Pinurbo's collection of Surat Kopi poems. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation studies. Data analysis techniques were carried out through descriptive analysis. The results of this study, namely the imagery contained in the 10 poetry titles in the poetry ontology of Joko Pinurbo's Surat Kopi are 3 imagery, namely visual, auditory, and motion imagery. From all these findings, it can be concluded that the most dominant element of imagery in this poem is visual imagery.

This study aims to analyze the imagery of Joko Pinurbo's collection of Surat Kopi poetry. This type of research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis method. The data sources in this study were 10 poetry titles contained in Joko Pinurbo's collection of Surat Kopi poems. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation studies. Data analysis techniques were carried out through descriptive analysis. The results of this study, namely the imagery contained in the 10 poetry titles in the poetry ontology of Joko Pinurbo's Surat Kopi are 3 imagery, namely visual, auditory, and motion imagery. From all these findings, it can be concluded that the most dominant element of imagery in this poem is visual imagery.

This article will examine Islamic counseling associated with the study of philosophy, from the aspects of ontology, epistemology, then axiology. Philosophical values ​​can feed direction and permananan about Islamic counseling. The research method used is literature review or literature study. Integrativity in the main science of Islamic counseling, namely, psychology, communication and Islam. Furthermore, from an epistemology perspective, it is concerned with the implementation and professionalization of the counselor. Then from the aspect of axiology in Islamic counseling which aims to provide assistance provided by counselors to clients in order to find ethical and aesthetic values ​​for the existence of essential (pure) happiness, namely happiness that comes from Allah SWT, the Almighty.