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Character formation is a fundamental component of Islamic education, particularly in responding to the growing challenges of moral decline and the weakening of students’ manners in contemporary learning environments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the classical text Risalat Adab Suluk al-Murid in shaping student character through the integration of seven good habits at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah Cianjur. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to explore how the values of adab are internalized and reflected in students’ daily behavior. The findings indicate that the learning of this classical text strengthens students’ discipline, respect toward teachers, sense of responsibility, and enthusiasm for learning. The internalization process occurs not only during classroom activities but also through daily routines such as morning habits, worship practices, time management, and social interactions within the school environment. The seven good habits function as a practical framework that reinforces the application of sufistic values taught in the text, allowing students to translate moral teachings into consistent actions. Teachers play a crucial role as role models who guide, demonstrate, and cultivate these values through continuous supervision and exemplary conduct. The study concludes that classical Islamic text-based learning offers an effective strategy for enhancing student character within modern Islamic educational settings. The implications highlight the need for schools to strengthen adab-centered curricula, cultivate ethical school culture, and promote collaboration among teachers, institutions, and families to ensure sustainable character development.

This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on Transformational Leadership (TL), based on empirical research. Despite extensive studies on TL in recent decades, comprehensive research remains limited. The methodology used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of articles containing “Transformational Leadership” in the title, abstract, or keywords, sourced from the Scopus database, which yielded 1,297 publications from 1977 to 2025. The data were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The findings suggest that TL is an innovative model in vocational education, bridging industrial systems with academic environments for authentic, practice-based learning. However, challenges include limited resources, insufficient instructor training, and inadequate institutional support. Recent innovations, such as advanced ICT, holographic technology for real-time interaction, and digital twins for process optimization, have enhanced the model's effectiveness. The study also discusses the conceptual framework of TL. This research uses the Scopus database, and future studies could broaden its scope by incorporating other databases like Web of Science. Practically, the study’s findings suggest integrating modern pedagogical strategies, including gamification, simulation, and project-based learning, to enhance student engagement and understanding of manufacturing processes. Socially, it encourages educational institutions to invest in infrastructure, strengthen industry partnerships, and provide continuous instructor training. This study highlights the growing global research on TL and calls for deeper exploration of the topic in existing literature.

This study aims to analyze the educational values contained in the Dalihan Na Tolu culture in the Mandailing community and its relevance to character education in schools. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of traditional leaders and the Mandailing community in Mandailing Natal Regency. The results of the study show that Dalihan Na Tolu, which includes the principles of Somba Marhula-hula, Elek Marboru, and Manat Mardongan Tubu, contains educational values such as respect, responsibility, empathy, cooperation, and mutual cooperation. These values have a strong relevance to character education in elementary school. The culture of Dalihan Na Tolu not only serves as a social system, but also as a source of moral and character education for the younger generation. In addition, the application of these traditional values in the context of modern education can strengthen students' cultural identities and foster mutual respect in the school environment. The integration of Dalihan Na Tolu into learning also has the potential to be an effective pedagogical strategy to build a harmonious and characterful school culture.

Modern education focuses not only on sharing knowledge but also plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and ethics. This study explores the role of ethics as the foundation of teacher-student relationships, the moral challenges of the digital age, and character education strategies as solutions. Using literature review and conceptual analysis, the study found that values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, politeness, and mutual respect are key to creating harmonious interactions in the learning environment. On the other hand, technological advances and cultural changes present challenges in the form of decreased empathy and the misuse of social media. Therefore, character education based on teacher role models, collaboration, and humanistic discipline needs to be developed. The study's findings emphasize the importance of balancing digital advancements with moral development in realizing ethical and civilized education. The study also reveals that, despite significant challenges facing educators in the digital age, they can utilize technology to support better character formation through an educational model that emphasizes ethics. The role of families and communities is also crucial in supporting this character education, fostering synergy between all parties in creating a generation with noble character.

Education is a fundamental right that must be fought for by every child in the nation, and throughout its development, it continues to undergo innovations and evaluations toward better quality. One educational model that is growing in Indonesia is the boarding school system, which has its own characteristics, advantages, and challenges. This study aims to describe the social studies (IPS) teachers’ strategies in boarding school–based learning, the implementation of IPS learning within the boarding school environment, and the obstacles faced by IPS teachers at MTs Darul Hikmah. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted at Pondok Modern Darul Hikmah Tulungagung, with seventh-grade students as research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show several factors that influence the low effectiveness of IPS learning in boarding schools, including the dense institutional activity schedule that reduces students’ learning focus, teachers’ limited mastery of the subject matter and classroom management, and the dual curriculum implemented simultaneously within the institution. Efforts to improve IPS learning effectiveness include enhancing teacher discipline when entering and leaving the classroom, utilizing audio-visual learning media, and connecting learning materials with current issues to make the lessons more relevant and engaging. Furthermore, the study reveals several advantages of boarding school–based education, such as fostering students’ independence, developing social awareness, providing deeper religious instruction, and integrating both general and religious education. Thus, IPS learning in boarding schools has the potential to develop more optimally with the support of appropriate learning strategies and more structured institutional management.

This article discusses the modernity of educational instruments, along with the phenomenon of technological progress, particularly the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), and its implications for educators in the 21st century. Rapid advances in AI have led to fundamental shifts in teaching strategies and resources, shifting from traditional models to personalized and adaptive learning environments. Through automated assessments, curriculum customization, and the implementation of virtual assistants that enhance accessibility, artificial intelligence (AI) in education aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness. However, this modernity requires educators in the 21st century to change. Teachers now play the role of facilitators, designers of learning experiences, and mentors in ethics, in addition to being providers of knowledge. Teachers need to master AI literacy and focus on teaching students the four Cs of the 21st century: communication, creativity, critical thinking, and teamwork. The integration of AI raises ethical issues related to data privacy, the digital divide, and the dangers of plagiarism, but it also offers significant potential. Therefore, the effective integration of AI technology with irreplaceable human qualities is crucial for the success of contemporary educational technology. AI is an important tool for educators in the 21st century to develop a generation of technologically literate and moral individuals.

This study aims to analyze the change in word choice in Indonesian children's songs from the classical to modern times as a reflection of the shift in the social environment in the digital era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method on eight children's songs, consisting of four classic songs by A. T. Mahmud and four popular modern songs on digital platforms such as YouTube. The results showed that classical songs highlight concrete and local vocabulary that describe children's closeness to nature, family, and moral values, while modern songs are dominated by global, repetitive, and phonetic vocabulary that reflect the influence of globalization and the digital lifestyle of today's children. In addition, modern songs tend to contain simple expressions that are easy to remember, but have minimal educational value compared to classical songs that are more loaded with moral messages. This shift shows that the language in children's songs not only serves as a medium of entertainment, but also reflects the changing social and cultural values of Indonesian society. Therefore, the study of children's song language is important to understand the dynamics of popular cultural development that affects the process of character formation of the younger generation.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods are strategies used by teachers to effectively convey Islamic teachings so that they are easily understood, internalized, and practiced by students. The application of appropriate methods can create a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning process, enabling students not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop Islamic attitudes and personalities. In the context of modern education, PAI learning needs to integrate a variety of approaches, ranging from lectures, discussions, demonstrations, to hands-on, experiential learning. Furthermore, learning environments such as museums, mosques, monuments, and open spaces can be utilized as resources and supporting learning media, even if these places are not specifically designed for teaching and learning activities. Utilizing these environments provides real-life experiences that help students understand Islamic values ​​contextually. Thus, PAI learning methods play a crucial role in realizing a holistic, comprehensive educational process oriented toward the formation of Islamic character.

This research is motivated by the complex phenomena that occur within modern organizations, where the dynamics of power, influence, and empowerment often determine work behavior and leadership effectiveness. In many organizations, poorly managed internal politics can lead to conflict, injustice, and decreased work motivation, whereas empowerment and ethical leadership can foster a highly competitive and collaborative culture. Based on this reality, the study aims to deeply analyze how the concepts of influencing, empowering, and organizational politics interact and affect the dynamics of work behavior, as well as to identify leadership strategies capable of managing organizational politics positively while creating an effective empowerment system for all members. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data obtained through a literature review of various academic sources, scholarly journals, and previous relevant studies. The results show that organizational success largely depends on a leader's ability to balance power and participation, control and freedom, as well as individual and collective interests. The application of leadership strategies grounded in ethics, transparency, and empowerment has been proven to transform organizational politics into a positive force that enhances performance, loyalty, and trust among members. Thus, the integration of influence, empowerment, and organizational politics not only strengthens leadership effectiveness but also creates a productive, fair, and sustainable work environment.

This study aims to determine the implementation of strengthening religious values ​​and environmental awareness through educational and creative activities for children in Sari Rejo Village, Medan Polonia District. The main objective of this study is to describe how religious values ​​and environmental awareness are systematically instilled through an interesting and enjoyable non-formal educational approach for children. The problem in this study focuses on the low level of religious awareness and environmental awareness among children who tend to be influenced by technological developments and modern lifestyles. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation of educational activities such as making key chain crafts, caring for the environment by making pot crafts from used plastic bottles, ecobrick crafts, and Islamic-based learning. The results of the study indicate that educational and creative activities can be an effective means of forming religious character and increasing children's awareness of environmental cleanliness. The conclusion of this study confirms that collaboration between the community, educators, and parents plays an important role in fostering moral and social values ​​from an early age, as well as making children more aware of spiritual and ecological responsibilities in everyday life.

This study aims to describe the role of digital media in the dynamics of teaching and learning interactions in educational environments. The development of information and communication technology has brought about significant changes in the learning system, where digital media has now become an integral part of teaching and learning activities. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collected through journals and books related to digital-based learning. The results indicate that digital media plays a significant role in increasing the effectiveness and flexibility of the learning process. Digital media helps teachers deliver material more engagingly, facilitates two-way communication between teachers and students, and supports faster and more efficient learning evaluation. However, the use of digital media also creates new dynamics, such as reduced direct social interaction and the emergence of challenges in maintaining student learning motivation. The effectiveness of digital learning is greatly influenced by teachers' digital literacy readiness, student discipline, and the support of school infrastructure and policies.

Digital transformation in the modern era has significantly influenced various aspects of life, including education. Today's university students, as digital natives, have a strong tendency to access information and learn through social media platforms such as Instagram and YouTube. This opens up great opportunities to develop more adaptive, contextual, and relevant learning strategies, particularly in Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which is often perceived as traditional and monotonous. This community service project aims to transform PAI learning methods through the integration of social media to enhance student engagement and learning motivation. The implementation method includes five stages: socialization, training and workshops, content production mentoring, instructional implementation, and evaluation and reflection. The results show that the use of YouTube and Instagram as learning media effectively increases student engagement scores (average 3.75) and learning motivation (average 3.80), with YouTube contributing the most by providing long-form, flexible educational content. Instagram complements this by delivering moral messages in a quick and visually appealing format. Beyond improving learning effectiveness, this initiative also promotes Islamic digital literacy and empowers students as content creators for moderate and educational Islamic messages. In conclusion, the strategic integration of social media in PAI learning is a proven innovative approach that should be widely adopted in higher education environments.

Character education is the main foundation in shaping the personality and identity of the nation's children from an early age. This community service activity aims to strengthen national character values ​​through educational films that are engaging and appropriate for children. The program, titled Educational Cinema, uses the film Nussa: "Good is Easy" as a means of learning the moral values ​​and virtues of Pancasila in a simple and enjoyable way. The activity was carried out at Wildanun Kindergarten, Makassar, involving 16 children. The activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and reflection. The results of the activity showed an increase in children's understanding of national character values ​​such as religiosity, hard work, curiosity, love of the environment, appreciation of achievement, and social care. Teachers gained new experience in utilizing film media as a learning tool for Pancasila values. This program proves that digital media can be an effective means of instilling national character in the modern era.  

This study aims to describe the use of the Crossword Puzzle Game Application (TTS) as a learning medium to increase students' involvement and understanding in the learning process. The rapid development of technology demands educational innovation, and gamification, especially in the form of mobile TTS game applications, offers attractive and accessible solutions. Using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis from selected groups of students and teachers who had used the application. The results of the study show that this application effectively increases the motivation, activeness, and vocabulary memory of students. In addition, TTS games provide challenges that spark curiosity and encourage collaboration between learners while solving puzzles. The app also provides a fun, interactive, and adaptive learning environment to individual learning needs, moving away from traditional methods that tend to be monotonous. This study concludes that the TTS Game Application is a very effective, interesting, and relevant educational tool for modern learners and has the potential to be applied to a wide range of subjects.

The doctrine of Sola Scriptura, which positions Scripture as the supreme authority in matters of faith and practice, has been a foundational pillar for Protestant Christianity. However, its application within the dynamic context of modern Christian Religious Education (CRE) faces significant challenges that necessitate a critical evaluation. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the interplay between this theological principle and contemporary educational praxis. The research is conducted by systematically gathering and analyzing a wide range of textual sources, including seminal theological works on Sola Scriptura, current CRE curricula, relevant scholarly articles, and educational policy documents. The analysis describes the core tenets of the principle as historically understood, followed by an examination of its practical implementation in educational settings. The study identifies and elucidates key challenges, such as the rise of historical-critical biblical interpretation, increasing religious pluralism, the pervasive influence of secularism, and the pedagogical shift towards student-centered learning models that prioritize personal experience. The findings reveal a critical tension between the exclusive truth claims inherent in Sola Scriptura and the inclusive, relativistic environment of the modern world. The study concludes that for CRE to remain relevant and effective, it must develop thoughtful pedagogical strategies that faithfully uphold the authority of Scripture while simultaneously engaging with these contemporary challenges. This necessitates a move beyond a mere transmission of doctrine towards fostering a critical and reflective faith among learners, enabling them to navigate the complexities of the modern age.

The purpose of this research is to create an interactive Augmented Reality (AR)-based educational application that can display the Indonesian folktale "Keong Mas" using Unity 3D and Vuforia SDK. Due to the dominance of modern digital entertainment that is more visually appealing, the younger generation's interest in traditional folktales is declining. The choice of AR technology is based on its ability to combine three-dimensional virtual objects with the real environment in real-time, resulting in an interactive, engaging, and memorable learning experience. The research process used is the Life Cycle of Multimedia Development (MDLC), which consists of six stages: ideation, design, material collection, compilation, testing, and deployment. 3D character models, background environments, and interactive stories appear in the application when the camera detects certain markers. Testing was conducted using the black-box method to ensure all functions, including marker tracking, scene transitions, and narration playback, run smoothly. The test results show that the AR application "Keong Mas" successfully displays the folktale interactively and engagingly, thereby increasing the learning interest of children and adolescents. This application not only serves as an innovative learning medium but also contributes to the preservation of local culture through the integration of digital technology.

This community service activity aims to increase educational technology literacy among Vocational High School (SMK) teachers by introducing the basic concept of Deep Learning and its application in the world of education. This training was motivated by the urgent need to equip educators with basic understanding and skills regarding artificial intelligence (AI), especially Deep Learning, to be able to keep up with rapid technological developments and relevant to vocational education. Through practice-based training using simple tools such as Teachable Machine, teachers are given hands-on experience in creating simple machine learning models that are applicable in the school environment. The results of the pre-test and post-test showed a significant increase in understanding in the participants. The group discussions also produced various ideas for the application of AI such as a face-based attendance system, student voice recognition, and recommendations for learning materials according to students' interests. Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher learning time, this activity proves that a practical and contextual training approach can increase teachers' motivation to integrate technology into learning. Similar training is highly recommended to be replicated in other schools to support equitable access to modern educational technology.

This study aims to analyze the forms of conflicts that arise within the educational environment and their implications for educational management. The research employs a quantitative approach based on library research by reviewing relevant journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 that address value conflicts, educational policies, and inter-stakeholder interests. The results indicate that value conflicts are often influenced by cultural differences, parenting styles, technological developments, and friction between traditional and modern values in schools. Policy conflicts emerge when national policies are not aligned with the readiness of facilities, teachers’ competencies, and school contexts. Meanwhile, conflicts of interest occur due to differing priorities among teachers, school principals, parents, and the government. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing adaptive and collaborative management strategies. This article provides an overview of an ideal educational management model to address conflicts and identify opportunities for improvement in the future.  

This study evaluates the effectiveness of ICT-based media training in enhancing the competence of religious counselors. The training focuses on developing counselors' digital and communication skills, enabling them to proficiently create, manage, and utilize ICT media for religious education. Using a structured Service-Learning approach, the program consists of four stages: initial needs assessment and planning, implementation with a pre-assessment, post-training evaluation conducted via Google Forms, and subsequent mentoring to reinforce skill application. The results indicate significant advancements in counselors' ability to employ ICT media in engaging and relevant ways that align with modern educational demands. Through this training, counselors are better equipped to deliver religious content that appeals to a broad audience, thereby enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of religious guidance in today’s digital environment. Findings demonstrate that ICT-based training serves as an effective method for equipping religious educators with vital digital skills, ultimately supporting their role in providing impactful religious counseling within contemporary contexts..

Low English proficiency remains a problem for the younger generation in Mimika Regency, particularly in speaking skills. Additionally, the flow of modernization influences the low appreciation of society, especially the younger generation, towards local culture, with the emergence of popular culture. This community service activity offers an English Storytelling Competition as a creative and innovative educational medium to integrate English competency and the preservation of the local culture of indigenous communities in Mimika Regency. This program used a collaborative approach/community-based participatory approach (CBPA) through community involvement in the planning, script preparation, workshops, competitions, and reflection stages, together with the utilization of existing local strengths and wisdom. The main purpose of this program is to encourage social change in the community, which includes: (1) increasing oral English skills in the young generation in Mimika. (2) the presence of awareness and pride in the importance of preserving local culture, and (3) the creation of a community environment that provides appreciation for local cultural products that grow together with global challenges. The results of the activity showed an increase in English communication skills, growing self-confidence in students, and the presence of creativity in interestingly packaging Amungme-Kamoro folklore. In addition, this activity brings a new awareness of the importance of preserving local culture, potential leaders who dare to appear in public, and presents a new institution in the form of a space competition that combines aspects of language and cultural education.