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Non-formal institutions, such as farmer groups, play a strategic role in increasing farmer capacity and strengthening agricultural production systems at the village level. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and institutional dynamics of the Bina Satu Farmer Group in supporting tomato farmers in Parabubu Village, Mego District. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Bina Satu Farmer Group serves as a learning platform, a collaborative unit, and a liaison between farmers and external institutions. This institution functions in disseminating information on tomato cultivation technology, strengthening access to production inputs, and enhancing farmers' bargaining power in marketing. However, several weaknesses were identified, such as low member participation in routine meetings and limited managerial skills among administrators. Overall, the existence of this farmer group has significantly contributed to increasing the knowledge, productivity, and independence of tomato farmers in Parabubu Village.

Hypertension is a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence and is often undetected due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to serious complications if not properly controlled. Low levels of public knowledge and poor adherence to preventive behaviors, routine health checks, and treatment remain significant challenges in hypertension management at the community level. This community service program aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness of hypertension through the implementation of the CERDIK and PATUH approaches. The program employed a community-based promotive and preventive method, including health education, blood pressure screening, and interactive discussion and counseling. The activity was conducted in RW 013, Kapuk Subdistrict, Cengkareng District, involving 60 adult and elderly participants. Knowledge levels were assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in participants’ knowledge after the health education intervention, with the mean knowledge score increasing from 35 before the intervention to 80 after the intervention. In addition, the variation in knowledge levels among participants became more homogeneous following the educational activities. High community enthusiasm and active participation during the program reflected positive acceptance and engagement with the hypertension education initiative. This community service activity confirms that community-based health education using the CERDIK and PATUH approaches is effective as a promotive and preventive strategy to enhance public knowledge of hypertension. Improved knowledge is expected to encourage healthier lifestyle behaviors and greater adherence to hypertension control practices, thereby supporting sustainable and independent blood pressure management within the community.

Public speaking is an essential communication skill that plays a crucial role in enhancing self-confidence, delivering ideas effectively, and fostering social participation. However, many women in rural areas still lack opportunities to develop this skill due to limited access to training, gender stereotypes, and minimal experience in public forums. These challenges lead to low levels of women’s involvement, particularly housewives who are members of PKK, in community activities and decision-making processes at the local level. This study aims to examine the impact of public speaking training on improving the knowledge, self-confidence, and social participation of PKK mothers in Nagari Sumpur Kudus. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a participatory approach through interactive lectures, speaking practice simulations, reflective discussions, participatory observations, and qualitative evaluations. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing based on field notes, observations, and participants’ feedback. The findings indicate that the training successfully improved participants’ understanding of basic public speaking techniques, including intonation, eye contact, body language, and structured idea delivery. Furthermore, the participants experienced significant growth in self-confidence, courage to speak in front of groups, and motivation to continuously practice their communication skills. The interactive and supportive learning atmosphere also strengthened collaboration and solidarity among PKK members. Thus, public speaking training not only enhances individual competencies but also contributes to women’s empowerment and their active participation in community development at the village level.  

Introduction: Dental and oral health problems in school-age children are still a major public health concern. The Little Doctor Program is a school-based health promotion approach that involves the active role of students as agents of change. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Small Doctors in promoting dental health in elementary schools. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The subjects of the study were elementary school students who participated in dental health promotion activities by Small Doctors. Interventions include counseling, demonstrations of proper brushing of teeth, and the use of educational media. Data were collected using a questionnaire of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant improvement in students' dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Small Doctor Program is effective as a strategy for promoting dental health in elementary schools and has the potential to support promotional and preventive efforts for children's dental health.

This study aims to analyze hematocrit values ​​using a micro method with capillary blood samples in pregnant women with anemia at the Sidodadi Kisaran Barat Community Health Center. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 15 pregnant women as respondents. Data collection was carried out through hematocrit laboratory examinations and data collection of respondent characteristics. The results showed that 60% of respondents had hematocrit levels below normal values, while 40% of respondents had hematocrit levels within normal limits. Low hematocrit levels in pregnant women are influenced by several factors, including age, education level, employment status, and level of knowledge about anemia during pregnancy. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of pregnancy complications if not optimally managed. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers continue to increase educational efforts regarding anemia prevention, the importance of regular pregnancy check-ups, and encourage pregnant women to maintain a balanced nutritional consumption pattern and adequate iron intake to support maternal and fetal health.

Elderly people are individuals aged 60 and over who have equal rights in community life. The emotional state of the elderly is a psychological state that encompasses the ability to think, feel, and act, as manifested through behavior. To stabilize the emotions of the elderly, cadres and their families must have an adequate level of emotional intelligence. One non-pharmacological approach currently being studied is the Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT), an emotional healing method that combines spiritual elements, positive affirmations, and stimulation of the body's meridian points. SEFT is believed to reduce psychological stress that contributes to high blood pressure. This therapy is easy to learn, can be performed independently, and requires no special equipment, making it highly suitable for use in elderly communities with limited access to advanced medical services. At this event, counselors provided support in delivering material on Motivation and Prevention of Psychological Disorders in the Elderly using the SEFT. The purpose of this material is to provide motivation, reduce, and prevent psychological impacts. Participants benefited from the material, knowledge, and experience sharing, as well as solutions, resulting in a better understanding of motivation, reduction, and prevention of psychological impacts. This community service program was conducted with approximately 33 participants in the "Teratai" elderly group. It is hoped that this community service program will be beneficial and provide considerations for solutions and decisions, adding information and insight related to motivation, reduction, and prevention of psychological impacts.

Digital entrepreneurship has become a transformative phenomenon in the modern economy, changing the way businesses are developed and run through digital technology. Although the literature on digital entrepreneurship is growing rapidly, comprehensive mapping of the evolution of knowledge and research patterns is still limited. This study analysis the development of digital entrepreneurship in academic literature through bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database to identify research trends, knowledge structures, and future directions. The analysis was conducted on 1,815 publications from 681 sources (1988-2025) written by 8,023 researchers, using R Studio (bibliometrix) and VOSviewer. The results show exponential growth with an annual growth rate of 17.22%, as well as five main theme clusters: digital business models, digital innovation, social entrepreneurship, e-commerce, and fintech. Thematic evolution shifted from traditional entrepreneurship (1988–2010) to digital transformation (2011-2018) to new technology integration (2019-2025). The level of international collaboration reached 26.39%, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom as the main contributors. These findings provide a research roadmap for identifying research gaps, collaboration opportunities, and trending topics in digital entrepreneurship.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of regional economies, including in the city of Banjarmasin, as they play a crucial role in job creation and income generation for local communities. However, many MSMEs continue to face challenges in the marketing aspect, particularly due to their reliance on conventional marketing methods that have limited reach and require relatively high costs. In response to these issues, this community service program aims to promote the digitalization of MSME marketing methods in Banjarmasin through intensive training and mentoring in the utilization of social media marketing. The implementation methods include an initial needs assessment survey to identify partners’ levels of understanding, workshops on digital marketing strategies, and hands-on mentoring for direct implementation on social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. The results of the program indicate a significant improvement in MSME actors’ knowledge and skills, particularly in managing business accounts, developing content strategies, and creating visually appealing content that aligns with target market characteristics. Furthermore, MSME partners were able to expand their market reach more effectively and efficiently, which is expected to enhance business competitiveness and sustainability in the digital era.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Jakarta Smart Card Plus (KJP Plus) Program at the Junior High School (SMP) level in South Jakarta in 2024. The program is an initiative by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta to ensure access to education for underprivileged families. This research employs Sutrisno’s (2007) program effectiveness theory, which includes five key indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation involving informants from the South Jakarta Region I Education Sub-Department, school principals, students, and parents of KJP Plus beneficiaries. The results of the study indicate: (1) Understanding of the program is still uneven, particularly among parents who lack knowledge about the mechanism and use of KJP Plus; (2) Target accuracy is not optimal, as some recipients are economically capable, such as those who own cars or fall into higher welfare deciles; (3) The timeliness of fund distribution is generally good, although there are still some administrative delays; (4) Goal achievement is evident through reduced school dropout rates and increased educational participation, but not evenly across all areas; and (5) Real change is felt by most beneficiaries through easier access to education and provision of school supplies, although misuse of funds for non-educational purposes is still present. Overall, the effectiveness of the KJP Plus program at the SMP level in South Jakarta is deemed suboptimal, highlighting the need for improved data accuracy, stricter fund usage monitoring, and broader program socialization.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem characterized by a child’s height being inappropriate for their age, particularly among children under five years old. One of the interventions implemented to prevent stunting is immunization. However, immunization coverage, especially complete basic immunization, has not yet reached the target, including in Medan City. Therefore, this literature study aims to explore the determinants of complete basic immunization coverage in Medan City using the Google Scholar database. The literature search identified nine articles that were extracted and discussed in this study. The determinants of complete basic immunization coverage include individual maternal factors such as age, education level, knowledge, attitudes, and mothers’ beliefs or perceptions toward immunization; social support factors including family support, economic conditions, and prevailing norms and cultural practices within families and communities; as well as health service factors. Comprehensive and integrated interventions are urgently needed to achieve optimal complete basic immunization coverage in Medan City.

Infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms remain a major health challenge. One preventive promotive effort to reduce infection incidence is through the use of traditional medicinal plants, such as celery (Apium graveolens L.) which is known to have antimicrobial activity. This community service program aimed to increase the knowledge of PKK cadres in Klender Urban Village regarding the antimicrobial benefits of celery through educational outreach. The activity was held on June 12, 2025, involving 14 PKK cadres as participants. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires, analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significance value of 0.002 (p<0.05), indicating a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention. The average percentage of correct answer increased by 37.2%. Additionally, all of participants demonstrated  good knowledge levels in the post-test and none were in the poor category. These findings indicate that education through outreach is effective in improving community understanding of celery’s antimicrobial potential. Local plant-based education is expected to be a sustainable preventive strategy to improve public health.Keywords: education, celery, antimicrobial, knowledge PKK cadres

Introduction: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, including in Blang Teue Village, North Aceh, where the prevalence of children at risk of stunting reaches 28% (Public Health Center, 2023). The main contributing factors are mothers’ limited knowledge of locally sourced complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and restricted access to nutrition education media. This community service program aimed to empower the community by developing QR Code-based interactive educational posters as an accessible and user-friendly nutrition learning tool. Methods : The method employed was Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, involving 30 respondents (mothers of toddlers), health cadres, village officials, lecturers, and students. Results : The results indicated a significant improvement in mothers’ knowledge regarding local MP-ASI, where the percentage of respondents with high knowledge increased from 20% to 67% after the intervention. Utilization of QR Code media was also high, with 60% of respondents accessing it intensively, and a positive relationship was found between the intensity of media utilization and knowledge level (83% of high-intensity users achieved high knowledge). Conclusion : This program not only enhanced community knowledge and skills but also fostered the emergence of local leaders from health cadres and PKK members, as well as promoted social transformation through strengthened digital literacy and the use of local food in stunting prevention.

This study aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of training on making herbal elixir beverages from nine spice butterfly pea ingredients for exercise mothers as an effort to improve knowledge and skills in processing healthy drinks. The activity was motivated by the limited use of herbal beverages after exercise and the low level of public understanding regarding the benefits of butterfly pea flowers and traditional spices as natural stamina enhancers. The study applied a descriptive qualitative approach through observation and documentation conducted from November 22 to December 5, 2025. A total of 25 exercise mothers participated in the training, which consisted of demonstrations and direct practice in preparing elixirs using dried butterfly pea flowers combined with ginger, turmeric, galangal, lemongrass, cinnamon, cloves, betel leaves, and brown sugar. The results show that participants were able to follow all training stages properly and demonstrated increased understanding of herbal benefits, ingredient functions, dosage accuracy, and processing procedures. Achievement indicators reveal that 92 percent of participants were able to independently prepare the elixir according to the demonstrated steps, 84 percent were able to explain the function of each ingredient correctly, and all groups successfully produced elixir products with color, aroma, and taste that met the expected standards. Participants also responded positively and expressed interest in reapplying the recipes at home and developing flavor variations for personal consumption or small scale business opportunities effectively.

Sexually transmitted diseases remain a problem at the Puuwatu Community Health Center, where five cases of gonorrhea and one case of syphilis were found in 2024. Individual knowledge and attitudes toward the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) play an important role in efforts to reduce the prevalence of these diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward STD prevention measures in the Puuwatu Community Health Center working area. The research design used was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 91 respondents who were randomly selected from the community visiting the Puuwatu Community Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured the level of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive actions for STIs. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test to identify the relationship between the variables of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive actions. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge (p=0.000) and attitude (p=0.002) towards PMS prevention measures. People with better knowledge about PMS tended to have a more positive attitude and took preventive measures more often. These findings suggest the need to improve health education programs that emphasize the importance of accurate knowledge and a positive attitude in PMS prevention in the region.

Social media has become the primary platform for students to express themselves and build their professional reputation. However, many students have not yet fully utilized social media to support their careers and academic image. This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and skills of students at the University of Makassar (UNM) in building a strong personal brand through social media. The implementation method includes socialization, training, and direct mentoring for students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, UNM. The evaluation was conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to measure the improvement in knowledge and skills of the participants. The results show a significant increase in students' understanding, with the average score improving from a moderate level to an excellent level. Moreover, the majority of participants have begun to apply personal branding content strategies on their social media platforms. This training has been effective in raising students' awareness of the importance of building a professional image in the digital world. With a better understanding of personal branding, students are expected to leverage social media positively to strengthen their professional reputation and open up career opportunities in the future.

Social media has become the primary platform for students to express themselves and build their professional reputation. However, many students have not yet fully utilized social media to support their careers and academic image. This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and skills of students at the University of Makassar (UNM) in building a strong personal brand through social media. The implementation method includes socialization, training, and direct mentoring for students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, UNM. The evaluation was conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to measure the improvement in knowledge and skills of the participants. The results show a significant increase in students' understanding, with the average score improving from a moderate level to an excellent level. Moreover, the majority of participants have begun to apply personal branding content strategies on their social media platforms. This training has been effective in raising students' awareness of the importance of building a professional image in the digital world. With a better understanding of personal branding, students are expected to leverage social media positively to strengthen their professional reputation and open up career opportunities in the future.

This research aims to analyze the role of internal social media (ISM) in facilitating collaboration and innovation among employees within organizations. With the increasing adoption of digital platforms in the workplace, ISM has become an important tool for enhancing communication, knowledge sharing, and social interaction. This study explores how the use of ISM influences employee collaboration, leading to increased innovation and overall organizational performance. Through surveys and interviews with employees across various industries, this research gathers data on ISM usage, perceptions of collaboration, and levels of innovation. The results of the study indicate that ISM plays a significant role in enhancing employee collaboration by providing a platform for easy communication, information sharing, and community building. Furthermore, the study finds that collaboration facilitated by ISM positively impacts employee innovation, leading to the development of new ideas, improved processes, and enhanced products. This research highlights the importance of ISM in fostering a culture of collaboration and innovation within organizations and provides practical insights for organizations looking to leverage ISM for competitive advantage.

This study examines the role of the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) model in supporting teachers to create active and meaningful learning experiences. The research highlights the importance of linking instructional content with students’ real-life contexts to strengthen conceptual understanding and improve problem-solving abilities. Through descriptive analysis, this paper outlines the main components of CTL, including constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning communities, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment. The findings show that the CTL model enables students to construct knowledge independently, apply concepts to practical situations, and develop critical thinking skills. Furthermore, this study describes challenges faced by teachers across educational levels—such as limited time, students’ low independence, and variations in academic abilities—and proposes practical solutions to address them. The implications of this study emphasize the need for teachers to design engaging learning activities, build supportive classroom environments, and integrate authentic assessment to measure students’ holistic progress. Overall, CTL serves as an effective model for enhancing learning relevance, increasing student participation, and preparing learners to face real-world challenges.

Food safety is crucial for maintaining public health, especially in rural areas that face limitations in knowledge and resources to detect harmful substances in food products. The PKK Group of Borisallo Village, Gowa Regency, has great potential to become an agent of food safety education and monitoring. However, they still face limitations in understanding the impact of pathogenic microbes, pesticide residues, and harmful chemicals such as formalin, borax, and synthetic dyes. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of PKK members through education and training on detecting harmful substances using simple organoleptic methods and household tests. The activities include counseling, self-detection demonstrations, and providing supporting tools such as portable stoves and frying pans for home practice. The results show a significant improvement in participants' knowledge, especially regarding the characteristics of contaminated food and natural inspection techniques. The PKK group also showed high enthusiasm in disseminating food safety information. This program enhances the capacity of PKK as agents of change, strengthens the culture of food safety at the household level, and supports sustainable education through collaboration with the village government and health centers. It is hoped that this can be replicated in other villages.

Cough self-medication was a common practice among the community because it was perceived as quick and practical; however, it posed a risk of irrational drug use when not supported by adequate knowledge. The phenomenon of many customers at Gracia Pharmacy Mengwi Badung purchasing cough medicines without consulting a pharmacist prompted the need for research on the relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and cough self-medication behavior at Gracia Pharmacy Mengwi Badung. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The research population consisted of all customers who purchased cough medicine without a doctor’s prescription, with a total sample of 30 respondents meeting the inclusion criteria through purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data were collected through direct interviews and observations. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (60%) and demonstrated good self-medication behavior (56.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior for cough (r = 0.612; p = 0.004).