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The problem with previous studies was the use of polyester resin as a matrix in kacang goat hair fiber composites, whereas in the latest study, epoxy resin was used, which has not been widely used. The aim was to obtain the tensile strength of composites that could be used as an alternative material for fan blades. The research method used was experimental with composite fabrication using the hand lay-up method, varying fiber lengths of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, and varying immersion times in a 5% NaOH solution for 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. Tensile strength testing was carried out using the ASTM D638 standard with a total of 36 specimens. The test results showed that specimens with a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes produced the highest tensile strength of 28.69 MPa, while the lowest tensile strength of 15.38 MPa was obtained in specimens with a fiber length of 10 mm and a soaking time of 100 minutes. This indicates that the highest tensile strength value is 46.37% greater than the lowest value, so the combination of a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes is determined to be the optimal parameter in this study.

This study aims to evaluate improvements in customer service quality with the goal of increasing customer satisfaction at Ratu D'Laundry. The approach used is quantitative with a descriptive methodology, where data is collected through a survey that measures five main aspects, namely service quality, process speed, price and promotions, customer service, and overall satisfaction and loyalty levels. The results of this study indicate that most customers are satisfied with the services provided, especially in terms of laundry cleanliness, clothing fragrance, and the friendly attitude of staff in providing services. These results show that these factors play an important role in shaping customers' positive perceptions of service quality. However, this study also found several complaints related to service completion time, which is considered to still need improvement. Overall, this study confirms previous findings that service quality has a significant impact on customer satisfaction. The proposed strategy to improve service completion time is a key step in building trust, meeting consumer expectations, and encouraging long-term customer loyalty.

Ngarip Village, Ulubelu District, is one of the coffee-producing areas in Tanggamus Regency. Some residents process the harvested coffee into various micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) products. This activity produces a byproduct in the form of coffee grounds. Coffee grounds have characteristics that allow them to be processed into products with utility and economic value. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to the Ngarip Village community on how to process coffee grounds into aromatherapy candles that are attractive, useful, and have the potential to be developed as a creative economy product. The implementation method includes literature studies, field observations, preparation of tools and materials, and socialization and training that includes material presentations, discussions, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and documentation. This training provides knowledge on the concept of 3R-based waste management and techniques for making aromatherapy candles using coffee grounds as an additional ingredient. The implementation results showed that participants were able to understand the process of making aromatherapy candles, from drying coffee grounds, melting wax, mixing ingredients, to the molding stage. Participants also gained knowledge about the benefits of aromatherapy candles for health, the environment, and their economic potential. This training can improve the community's ability to process waste into useful products, while also opening up sustainable home business opportunities. Overall, this activity has a positive impact on increasing public insight, creativity, and awareness regarding organic waste management, as well as encouraging innovations that support local economic independence.

This study analyzes failures in the bending machine at PT. XYZ and determines maintenance priorities to reduce downtime and improve production efficiency. The company often faces repeated breakdowns, especially in hydraulic and control components, which negatively impact productivity. To address these issues, the research applies Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using downtime and repair data from September 2024 to February 2025. FMEA was conducted to identify failure modes, effects, and causes, and to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) as a basis for prioritization. FTA was then applied to trace root causes by mapping logical relationships among contributing factors leading to the top event. Recommendations were formulated with the 5W+1H method to propose preventive maintenance actions. The results indicate that the hydraulic valve is the most critical component, with an RPN value of 504 due to oil contamination. The main causes include damaged filters, improper oil usage, and lack of a cooling system. The hydraulic cylinder seal and back gauge were also found to contribute significantly to machine failures. FTA analysis revealed root causes such as inadequate maintenance procedures, unsuitable materials, and insufficient inspections. The proposed improvements involve regular replacement of oil filters, structured lubrication schedules, installation of oil coolers, and technician training to strengthen compliance with standard procedures. Overall, the integration of FMEA and FTA provides a systematic approach to identify critical components and root causes, enabling PT. XYZ to implement preventive strategies that minimize failures, reduce downtime, and improve bending machine performance sustainably.

The soil in Kedungdandang Hamlet, Muncar, has previously been identified as expansive clay that is highly sensitive to changes in moisture content and exhibits significant shrink–swell behavior, which leads to a reduction in bearing capacity and structural damage such as cracking in floors and walls, therefore, soil improvement through stabilization is required. This study aims to determine the effect of adding cement and rice husk ash (RHA) on the mechanical properties of expansive clay soil by using 3% cement and 6%, 8%, and 10% rice husk ash based on the weight of the soil. The results of the unconfined compressive strength (UCT) test indicate that the natural soil has a qu value of 28.62 kN/m², which increases to 55.08 kN/m² with the addition of 3% cement and 6% RHA, to 62.66 kN/m² with 3% cement and 8% RHA, and reaches the highest value of 86.98 kN/m² for the mixture containing 3% cement and 10% RHA. This increase in qu value indicates that the stabilization process improves the mechanical properties of the soil through a pozzolanic reaction, resulting in a more stable soil structure and a higher bearing capacity.

This study evaluates the consistency of transmitter level performance through calibration data obtained from the Instrumentation Maintenance Unit of the Cilegon PLTGU. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy, linearity, and stability of transmitter output against standard reference values. Qualitative methods were used, including direct observation, interviews, and literature studies to support the analysis of calibration procedures. Calibration data from the Masoneilan 12420-51 and Yokogawa EJA210E transmitters were analyzed using a comparative approach between normal and abnormal calibration results. Classification was based on the difference between the actual output and the 4–20 mA standard signal, with a tolerance limit of ±0.25% in accordance with ISA and IEC calibration standards. The results of the study show that the Level-3 Deaerator Storage Tank transmitter operates within the normal range, with excellent linearity and accuracy, while the Flash ST Tank Level transmitter shows minor deviations outside the tolerance limit, categorized as abnormal. These deviations suggest the potential for drift or zero shift influenced by environmental factors and aging. This study concludes that periodic calibration is necessary to maintain tranmitter performance reliability and ensure accurate signal transmission in the automatic control system at the Cilegon PLTGU facility.

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of a vacuum pan automation sistem using solenoid valves at PT. Duta Sugar International as an effort to improve the efficiency and quality of refined sugar production. The vacuum pan is the main tool in the sugar crystallization process that functions to evaporate the sugar solution under low pressure. Problems faced in the manual sistem are temperature instability and high dependence on operators, which impact time inefficiency and decrease product quality. The purpose of this research is to design and analyze the implementation of an automatic control system based on a Distributed Control Sistem (DCS) with the integration of solenoid valve actuators to optimize temperature stability and cooking process efficiency. The research method was carried out using qualitative and quantitative approaches through direct observation, technical interviews with the automation team, and supporting literature studies. The results showed that the automatic system was able to maintain a stable cooking temperature in the range of 78°C–85°C, lower and more efficient than the manual system which fluctuates between 90°C–100°C. In addition, cooking time was reduced by 10–15 minutes per cycle, and the crystallization process became more uniform with more efficient energy consumption. The results showed that the implementation of DCS-based automatic control with solenoid valves significantly improved operational stability, productivity, and energy efficiency. Thus, this automation sistem proved to be an effective solution for optimizing vacuum pan performance in the modern sugar industry.

The Gas and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU) utilizes exhaust heat from gas turbines to produce steam, which is then used to drive steam turbines. One of the critical processes in this system is seawater desalination, which requires reliable measuring instruments to ensure the continuity and quality of the water supply. The Differential Pressure Flow Transmitter type Azbil JTD920S is used to measure fluid flow rates at four main points: Sea Water Flow (feed), Distillate Water Flow, Condensate Water Flow, and Sea Water to Ejector Condenser Flow. A decline in transmitter performance may occur due to environmental factors, corrosion, and high workload, making periodic preventive maintenance (PM) essential. This study aims to analyze the transmitter’s performance by comparing PM data with the manufacturer’s maximum specifications using literature studies, direct observation, and interviews. The calculation results show that the highest performance levels are found in the Distillate Water Flow (73.53%) and Sea Water to Ejector Condenser Flow (73.87%) lines, while the lowest is in the Condensate Water Flow (49.00%). These findings emphasize the importance of close monitoring of high-performance transmitters to prevent premature failure and maintain the efficiency of the desalination process.

 The development of major cities in Indonesia, including Medan, is inseparable from complex social, economic, and political dynamics. This transformation often leads to a mismatch between the city's image and its local identity, reduced access to adequate housing, and the decline of public open spaces, particularly in urban fringe areas such as Pulo Brayan. In fact, public spaces play a crucial role in supporting social interaction and ecological functions within a city. This study focuses on the importance of redesigning public space in the Pulo Brayan area using a sustainable architectural approach. The main objective is to create a public space that can address social, economic, and environmental challenges in an integrated manner. The proposed design emphasizes the integration of historical values, active community participation, and ecological functionality to support the realization of sustainable cities, in line with the principles of Sustainable Cities and Communities. Thus, this design is expected to serve as a contextual, inclusive, and sustainable model for public space regeneration.

PT Care Spunbond faces significant challenges in managing production status reports due to its reliance on a manual, paper-based recording system. This results in non-real-time data input, slow data processing, and a high risk of data loss or corruption. To address these issues, this study aims to design a user-friendly, web-based dashboard for monitoring and reporting production status. This system is designed to enable fast data input, provide easy access for the Quality department, and provide secure and integrated data storage. The research method used is a descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies. After that, a system analysis was conducted using the PIECES framework to identify existing problems, followed by the design of a UML (Unified Modeling Language)-based system. The results show that the proposed system can improve data processing efficiency, improve report accuracy, and ensure better production data security. With the implementation of this system, the company is expected to accelerate data-driven decision-making, increase transparency, and support efforts to continuously improve product quality.

This study addresses the inefficiencies in the manual student payment administration system currently used at SMK Bina Insan Nusantara, which relies on handwritten ledgers and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, leading to frequent data errors, delayed reporting, and difficulties in retrieving payment records. The research aims to design a web-based information system to streamline the recording, monitoring, and reporting of student payments. A descriptive research approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with administrative staff, and literature review. System analysis was conducted using the PIECES framework, and system design followed the Unified Modeling Language (UML) methodology. The proposed system features user authentication, student data management, real-time payment input, digital receipt generation, and automated reporting (daily, monthly, and yearly). Black-box testing confirmed that the system functions as intended, validating inputs, processing transactions accurately, and generating reliable outputs. Findings indicate that the web-based system significantly improves data accuracy, operational efficiency, accessibility, and service quality compared to the existing manual process. The implementation of this system enables school administrators to manage payments more effectively, provides students and parents with timely access to payment information, and supports faster, data-driven decision-making by school leadership and the foundation. Future enhancements could include mobile integration and online payment gateways.

In the digital era, business entities increasingly rely on computerized systems to manage financial activities efficiently. This study aims to design and develop a web-based financial reporting application for UD Jaya Abadi, a trading company located in Magetan Regency. The development process utilized the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology to ensure user involvement and rapid prototyping. Data were collected through observation and interviews with the business owner to identify problems in manual bookkeeping and report preparation. The resulting application automates financial processes including sales, purchases, journal entries, and financial reporting in accordance with SAK ETAP standards. System modules include master data management, transaction recording, and financial reporting such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow reports. Testing using the black box method confirmed that all system functions operated correctly. This web-based system enhances data accuracy, minimizes human error, and provides real-time access to financial information, significantly improving the efficiency of financial management at UD Jaya Abadi.

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications for customer support automation and digital service optimization. The review follows the PRISMA framework to ensure methodological rigor and transparency, focusing on literature published between 2020 and 2025 from the Scopus database. The findings reveal that AI-driven technologies, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Large Language Models, have significantly improved efficiency, response time, and customer satisfaction in customer support and digital service. Common NLP applications include sentiment analysis, ticket classification, and automated response generation. Among these, hybrid and transformer-based models demonstrate superior accuracy and contextual understanding compared to traditional algorithms. However, several challenges persist, including data quality limitations, privacy and security concerns, algorithmic bias, and linguistic ambiguities such as sarcasm and negation. Moreover, issues related to trust and ethical adoption continue to influence user acceptance of AI systems. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current methodologies, trends, and research gaps, offering insights for future studies to develop explainable, secure, and human-centered AI systems that enhance the sustainability and transparency of digital customer support services.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Metaverse technology as a medium for socializing religious moderation at the Palembang Religious Education and Training Center. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores how Metaverse can facilitate the dissemination of religious moderation values and its potential in improving the understanding of balanced, tolerant, and inclusive religious practices among participants. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research findings show that Metaverse offers a dynamic and immersive platform to deliver training and discussions on religious moderation, allowing participants to interact more deeply with the material presented. However, challenges such as limited access to technology and understanding of the virtual environment were also found. This research highlights the need for further adaptation and support to maximize the effectiveness of this technology in building religious moderation.

Dairy cattle farming is a cattle breeding business specifically developed to produce large quantities of milk. Dairy cattle generally belong to the Bos taurus species, and one of the most common and productive dairy cattle breeds in Indonesia is the Holstein Friesian (FH). This study aims to evaluate how artificial insemination (AI) impacts the quantity and quality of milk produced by dairy cattle in the region, thereby contributing to improved agricultural practices and economic outcomes for dairy farmers in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive and experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial insemination (AI) on milk production in dairy cattle in Indonesia, focusing on factors influencing AI success. The results of this study indicate that artificial insemination (AI) has been proven effective in improving genetic quality and milk production in dairy cattle in Indonesia. Timely implementation of AI, especially at the peak of the estrus cycle, can increase conception rates by between 30% and 70%, with an ideal target of 65-75%. An AI program supported by inseminator training, maintained frozen semen quality, and good feed and livestock health management has a positive impact on the ideal calving interval of approximately 12 months, thereby increasing calf numbers and milk production. Artificial insemination is an effective reproductive method for increasing dairy cattle productivity through genetic improvement and controlled reproductive management. The success of an AI program depends heavily on semen quality, proper insemination techniques, livestock health management, and farmer involvement.

Rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis) are one of the main commodities in the plantation industry which have high economic value. Rubber latex productivity is greatly influenced by the tapping technique applied. This research aims to examine various tapping techniques that are effective in increasing rubber latex yields and maintaining tree productivity in the long term. The method used includes comparative analysis of tapping techniques, such as angle and depth of incision, frequency of tapping, and use of latex stimulants. The research results show that tapping techniques with an angle of 30°–45° and an optimal depth that does not damage the cambium can significantly increase latex production. In addition, the use of ethefon-based stimulants has been shown to extend the latex flow period and increase yields without causing excessive physiological stress in plants. By implementing appropriate tapping techniques, rubber plantation productivity can increase sustainably without reducing the productive life of the plants.

Parenting plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality and religious values ​​from an early age. This study aims to examine the concept of parenting from an Islamic perspective, particularly according to the views of Imam Al-Ghazali, a prominent Islamic scholar and thinker. The method used was a literature review with a descriptive analytical and historical approach. The results show that Islamic parenting, according to Al-Ghazali, is based on the principles of monotheism, faith, and noble morals derived from the Quran and Sunnah. Al-Ghazali viewed children as a trust from Allah, born in a state of fitrah (purity) and as potential beings who are the hope of the community. Educating children must be done from an early age because childhood is a golden period that is very decisive in character formation. The parenting methods recommended by Al-Ghazali include: (1) the habituation method to shape character through continuous practice; (2) the role model method, where parents serve as direct role models for children; (3) the storytelling method to instill moral values; (4) the advice method with a compassionate approach; and (5) reward and punishment methods applied wisely. Al Ghazali's parenting concept emphasizes the importance of parents' role in creating a conducive environment for children's spiritual, moral, and social development, which not only impacts worldly life but also the afterlife. This research contributes to the idea of ​​the urgency of implementing Islamic teachings in educating and raising children in the digital era, which is full of various challenges.

This research is motivated by the importance of the relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. The development of logical thinking is part of the cognitive aspect that plays a role in children's ability to solve problems, understand cause-and-effect relationships, and make decisions. This study aims to determine the most effective parenting style in improving children's logical thinking skills. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method and was conducted at the KB Mekar Indah Early Childhood Education Center (PAUD). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and tests with 15 respondents. The results showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. Democratic parenting styles have the most positive influencThis research is motivated by the importance of the relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. The development of logical thinking is part of the cognitive aspect that plays a role in children's ability to solve problems, understand cause-and-effect relationships, and make decisions. This study aims to determine the most effective parenting style in improving children's logical thinking skills. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method and was conducted at the KB Mekar Indah Early Childhood Education Center (PAUD). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and tests with 15 respondents. The results showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. Democratic parenting styles have the most positive influence compared to permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as shown by higher logical thinking scores in children. Thus, democratic parenting styles are recommended to be implemented to support children's cognitive development.e compared to permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as shown by higher logical thinking scores in children. Thus, democratic parenting styles are recommended to be implemented to support children's cognitive development.

This study aims to determine the influence of parenting styles on the social development of early childhood at the Al-Fajril Ulum Preschool and Kindergarten (PAUD TPA Al-Fajril Ulum). Observations were conducted to analyze how four types of parenting styles democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful influence children's social skills in the context of interaction, communication, decision-making, and the ability to establish relationships with peers. The study used a quantitative method with an ex post facto design, involving a sample of 8 children. Data collection instruments included questionnaires and observation sheets for children's social development based on indicators for each parenting style. The results showed that democratic parenting had the most significant positive influence on children's social development, marked by an increase in children's ability to express opinions, cooperate, respect others, and demonstrate social independence. Conversely, authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles had negative influences due to low emotional warmth, lack of dialogue, and minimal stimulation received by children. Permissive parenting showed a positive influence but not as strong as democratic parenting due to weak parental boundaries and control. Overall, the research findings confirm that the quality of parenting styles plays a direct role in shaping the social behavior of early childhood.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the cognitive development of early childhood children at KB AN-Nisa, South City District, Gorontalo City. The background of the study highlights that some children face difficulties in recognizing shapes, colors, and numbers, which are critical components of early cognitive development. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing observation and documentation techniques, involving a sample of 5 children out of a total of 35 students. The study explores how different parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic, impact the cognitive development of young children. The results demonstrate significant variations in cognitive abilities among children, influenced by the type of parenting they receive. Specifically, children raised in a responsive and supportive environment tend to show better cognitive development, particularly in areas such as shape and color recognition. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parenting style in providing cognitive stimulation for early childhood. They also highlight the importance of collaboration between parents and schools to optimize the cognitive development of young children, suggesting that a balanced, supportive approach to parenting can positively influence children’s learning outcomes. Therefore, this research contributes to understanding the connection between parenting and cognitive development in early childhood.