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Organizational fraud represents a significant global challenge, with estimated annual losses of 5% of revenue, totaling approximately US$4.7 trillion worldwide. This systematic literature review examines whistleblowing effectiveness as a fraud detection mechanism, analyzing the tension between its role as a transparency pillar and the retaliatory risks faced by whistleblowers. The study employed a qualitative Systematic Literature Review methodology, analyzing 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020-2025 from SINTA, Scopus, and registered E-ISSN journals. Literature was selected using keywords related to whistleblowing effectiveness, fraud detection, transparency mechanisms, and retaliation risk. Results demonstrate that whistleblowing systems significantly enhance fraud detection and prevention across both public and private sectors, with 24 of 25 reviewed studies confirming positive impacts. Effectiveness is influenced by individual attitudes, perceived behavioral control, organizational commitment, professional commitment, moral reasoning, and organizational culture. The integration of whistleblowing with forensic and investigative audit mechanisms creates a mutually reinforcing fraud detection framework. However, retaliation risk remains a substantial challenge, potentially undermining whistleblowing effectiveness. The study concludes that organizations must develop comprehensive whistleblower protection frameworks, cultivate supportive organizational cultures, ensure transparent report handling processes, and leverage technology to guarantee anonymity. A balanced approach between promoting transparency through whistleblowing and protecting whistleblowers from retaliation is essential for maximizing fraud detection effectiveness. Organizations are advised to integrate whistleblowing into comprehensive anti-fraud strategies with adequate protection mechanisms and whistleblower incentives.

The development of corruption nowadays is accompanied by other crimes related to hide assets from corruption and one way of it is by money laundering mechanism. The mechanism of it is contained in the Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 20/2001 jo. Law No. 31/1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption and Law No. 8/2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering. There are also international legal instruments adopted to strengthen efforts to seize assets from criminal acts of corruption, such as UNCAC which was ratified by the Government of Indonesia into Law Number 7/2006 concerning Ratification of the UNCAC on April 18, 2006. Indonesia needs a regulation that has stronger legal force and has a special mechanism regarding the mechanism for the confiscation of assets and assets that are suspected of being obtained as a result of corruption. It can be suggested to the Government and the legislature to encourage the discussion and passing of the asset confiscation bill’s immediately.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

Academic burnout among junior high school students, particularly ninth graders, is increasingly gaining attention amidst a competitive educational system. This study aims to analyze the level of academic burnout experienced by ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 6 Indralaya Utara by examining symptoms such as emotional exhaustion, cynicism toward school tasks, and reduced self-efficacy. The contributing factors are explored comprehensively, including academic pressure, family expectations, teaching methods, and peer dynamics. The findings are expected to support the development of more effective and context-specific interventions and prevention strategies, promoting a learning environment that supports students’ mental well-being.

Eradicating corruption is a top priority to improve people's welfare and strengthen the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and in order to achieve national goals. Therefore, the policy of optimizing corruption eradication must be followed up with a comprehensive, integral, and holistic strategy in order to truly achieve the expected results. Prevention and preventive actions will be more useful in overcoming corruption problems than taking high legal sanctions. This shows that corruption prevention must be optimized properly in eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Therefore, providing knowledge to High School Students in Jayapura City, Papua Province about how to prevent Corruption is very important so that they can avoid themselves from Corruption

The role of the Women's Protection Unit of the North Gorontalo Police in overcoming violence against children consists of: Law enforcement where the PPA Unit is directly responsible for the investigation and inquiry process for reports of violence against children, Providing legal protection and escort for victims during the legal process. Prevention through education and socialization by: Conducting counseling activities in schools, villages, and places of worship about the dangers of violence against children. Providing a child-friendly playroom in the PPA Unit room to make victims feel safe when providing information. What factors influence the Women's Protection Unit of the North Gorontalo Police in handling cases of violence against children, namely: The victim is not open in providing information, The perpetrator is the victim's own family, The status of the victim's child who is still a student, The level of awareness and community participation, The facilities and infrastructure. For the PPA Unit, it is better to conduct more intensive socialization so that sexual violence crimes can be minimized and the future of children can be saved from irresponsible parties; For victims, it is better to be more open and try to adapt to the environment so that the psychological trauma experienced will be reduced compared to locking themselves away which can cause prolonged frustration. For the community, it is better to seek information more often related to acts that are prohibited or not by law. So that if in the future they experience an incident, especially related to sexual violence crimes, the community will not hesitate to report it to the authorities. This can help victims, at least the suspect can be given a punishment that is commensurate with his actions.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

This study aims to determine and analyze the role and effectiveness of the forestry police in overcoming illegal logging crimes. The type of research used is empirical juridical, by collecting data based on facts in the field and analyzed qualitatively descriptive. The role of the forestry police includes non-penal and penal efforts. Non-penal efforts are in the form of prevention such as providing appeals for environmental conservation, reforestation, supervision of forest utilization permits, mapping of vulnerable areas, and improving the quality and quantity of personnel. Penal efforts include arresting perpetrators, confiscating evidence, making minutes of examination, and coordinating with other law enforcement officials. Factors affecting the effectiveness of the forestry police include legal substance, legal structure, community culture, facilities and infrastructure, area compared to the number of personnel, population growth, and increasing modus operandi due to high demand for timber. Synchronization of regulations between sectors is needed to avoid overlapping rules. The government also needs to strengthen forestry police infrastructure and encourage active community involvement in preserving forests in North Gorontalo District.

Kabaddi is a traditional outdoor game played with slight variations across India. Prevention of hamstring injuries in kabaddi athletes requires a multifaceted approach, including a balanced muscle strengthening program, regular flexibility training, thorough warm-up before the match, and adequate recovery after intense activity. This study aims to analyze the effect of sports massage on muscle flexibility and pain threshold in the hamstring muscles of Surabaya Kabaddi athletes. The research method used was quantitative with a pretest-posttest design in two groups, namely the experimental group given sports massage intervention and the control group. The sample in this study was 12 Surabaya Kabaddi athletes who were divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group using the Total Sampling technique. The results of the Paired t-test showed that there was a significant effect on the hamstring muscles after being given sports massage and a decrease in the pain threshold in the experimental group compared to the control group, as evidenced by the results of the t-test which showed a significant value <0.05. It can be concluded that sports massage can have an effect on hamstring muscle flexibility and pain threshold.

Hypertension is a common non-communicable disease with a high prevalence and a significant risk of severe complications if not detected and managed early. In Dusun 02, Tanjung Baru Village, under the jurisdiction of the Tanjung Baru Health Center in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, many residents are unaware of their blood pressure status and lack knowledge about risk factors and prevention. This community service activity aimed to increase public awareness through health education and conduct blood pressure screening for early detection of hypertension. The methods included educational sessions on hypertension, healthy lifestyle promotion, and on-site blood pressure checks for targeted residents. The results demonstrated an increase in participants’ understanding of hypertension and identified several individuals with elevated blood pressure who had not been previously diagnosed. In conclusion, educational intervention combined with direct screening is an effective approach to raise awareness and enable early detection of hypertension in rural communities.

Approximately 35.4% of the Asian population suffers from Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte fungal infection that attacks hairless skin such as the face, arms, and legs. This dermatophyte causes symptoms in the form of circular lesions with active red and scaly edges and a calmer center. This case involved a 12-year-old girl who came to the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic of Fauziah Bireun Hospital with complaints of reddish spots on her body that had lasted for eight months. The lesions were accompanied by itching, especially when sweating or in hot conditions, but improved after bathing. The clinical diagnosis showed Tinea corporis. The therapy given was 2% ketoconazole cream applied twice a day and systemic treatment with 200 mg itraconazole and 10 mg cetirizine. This management aims to overcome fungal infections, reduce symptoms, and prevent recurrence. Patient education regarding personal hygiene and prevention of skin moisture is an important part of therapy.

Money Laundering is any criminal act that fulfills the elements of a criminal act as regulated in Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering. Proof is one of the procedures that must be carried out in the Criminal Procedure Law, which will help find light on a criminal act. Due to the various types and methods in this criminal act, the evidence carried out is in accordance with the criteria and type, in this case the author wants to analyze the elements of hiding and disguising the crime of money laundering. The research method used is a normative-empirical approach using a statutory approach. The research results show that 1) Money laundering is considered a serious criminal act because it can support other criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption and organized crime; 2) Proof in criminal procedural law is the process of showing the truth of accusations or accusations made in a criminal case. 3) Proving the crime of money laundering requires cooperation between various institutions and the use of technology and special expertise to analyze complex financial transactions. In this way, it is hoped that the judicial process can run transparently and fairly, and ensure that money laundering crimes can be punished appropriately.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the serious public health problems in Indonesia, including in Rada Mata Village. DHF prevention is highly dependent on community behavior, especially housewives, who play an important role in maintaining environmental cleanliness. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude with maternal actions regarding DHF prevention in Rada Mata Village. Method: This study used an analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 mothers selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that measured the level of knowledge, attitude, and DHF prevention actions. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and DHF prevention actions (p = 0.002), as well as between attitude and DHF prevention actions (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and attitude of mothers is closely related to DHF prevention actions. Efforts are needed to improve education and health promotion for housewives to reduce the incidence of DHF in Rada Mata Village.    

Landslides or commonly called landslides are a disaster that often hits areas with tropical climates. The damage caused by landslides is most dominantly structural damage such as damaged road sections that are cut off. At the research location, there was a landslide that resulted in the obstruction of the road flow which was originally two lanes to one lane, it is feared that landslides will occur again, so one of the landslide prevention techniques is to use retaining walls. Based on this, this study is deemed necessary to determine the slope safety factor and to determine the safety of the slope after using retaining walls. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of slope safety without being given a load, the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 Kpa and the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 kpa and the addition of a retaining wall on the research slope using a Retaining Wall. In this study using the Finite Element Method in the calculation to find the level of safety of a slope, the researcher used the help of Plaxis 2D V20 Software, and the results of the calculation obtained a slope safety factor of 1.31, after being given a load of 25 kpa the slope safety factor was 1.14 and after being given a retaining wall the slope safety factor increased to 2.46.

Stunting is a condition of impaired growth and development in children. It is a social issue that frequently occurs in communities, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. This research aims to explain the implementation of stunting reduction programs conducted in the Kota Selatan District and to identify the inhibiting factors in the implementation of these programs in Gorontalo City. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the issues being examined.Based on the research findings, the stunting prevention and reduction program in the Kota Selatan District has been implemented properly. The program involved cross-sector collaboration, including the district head, the Gorontalo City Health Department, and the Kota Selatan Community Health Center. As of 2024, the number of children experiencing stunting in the district was recorded at 42. However, several factors were identified as problems with effective implementation. These include the lack of community awareness and participation, which hinders program effectiveness, the aid distribution that is not well-targeted and poor coordination and communication between institutions. These factors collectively slow down the stunting program's implementation process.

This study examines the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts in the working area of the Geureudong Pase Health Center. An observational study with a case control design was conducted during the period September–November 2024, involving 31 respondents. The characteristics of the respondents showed that the majority were 21 years old (69.8%), male (37.0%), had an elementary education (36.7%), and worked as farmers (76.6%). Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analyses. Univariate analysis was carried out descriptively using a frequency distribution table to see the distribution of respondent characteristics and research variables. Meanwhile, bivariate analysis uses chi-square tests to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and TB prevention efforts. The results of the study show that the level of knowledge has a significant impact on TB prevention efforts. Of the 30 well-informed respondents, only 1 respondent (3.8%) actually made effective prevention efforts. In contrast, as many as 25 respondents (96.2%) with a low level of knowledge had less prevention efforts. In addition, only 4 respondents (13.8%) had good prevention efforts overall. Statistical tests proved that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.000) and attitudes (p=0.000) towards TB prevention efforts. These findings show the need for educational interventions to increase public knowledge about TB and increase positive attitudes towards its prevention. Thus, increasing socialization and health education is an important step in efforts to control TB in the region.  

Nosocomial infections are a major challenge in healthcare, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Although the incidence in ICUs is not particularly high, they still occur. Adherence to hygiene protocols has been shown to reduce infection rates by up to 30%. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2020) indicates that nosocomial infections in hospitals account for 20–30% of all ICU patients. Objective: To determine the relationship between the implementation of nosocomial infection prevention protocols and infection rates in ICU patients at Sultan Hadlirin Islamic Hospital (RSI) in Jepara. Methods: This study was quantitative with a correlational cross-sectional design. The population included all 10 healthcare workers in the ICU and 23 admitted patients. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instruments were questionnaires and observation sheets, while data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 17 patients were treated with the prevention protocols in place, but one patient still experienced a nosocomial infection. The test results showed an asymptotic significance value (2-sided) of 0.59 > 0.05. Conclusion: There is no influence of the implementation of infection prevention protocols on the incidence of nosocomial infections (INOS) in the ICU at RSI Sultan Hadlirin Jepara.

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, and is generally spread through contaminated food or drinks. One of the effective prevention efforts is to maintain personal hygiene, especially washing your hands before eating. This study aims to determine the relationship between handwashing compliance with the incidence of typhoid fever in children treated at PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital. The research design used is observational analysis with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique was carried out by accidental sampling with a total of 34 children. Data were collected through questionnaires that measured the level of handwashing compliance and the history of typhoid fever incidence. The analysis of the relationship between variables was carried out using the Chi Square statistical test. The results showed that as many as 20 children (58.82%) had good handwashing compliance, with an average compliance score of 7.79 ± 1.666. Meanwhile, as many as 18 children (52.94%) were recorded to have typhoid fever. The results of the Chi Square test showed a p-value of 0.681, which means that there was no significant association between handwashing compliance and the incidence of typhoid fever in children at the study site. The conclusion of this study is that handwashing compliance has not shown a significant relationship with the incidence of typhoid fever in children at PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital. These findings indicate the need for further studies by considering other factors such as water quality, environmental sanitation, and food consumption habits, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the prevention of typhoid fever in children.