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Diabetes Mellitus (DM), known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia (Ike Prafita & Masnif 2020). The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the effect of physical activity on reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The literature search method uses the google scholar database and hurzing publish or perish (2020-2024) using the keywords “Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Physical Exercise” AND “Blood Glucose Level Decrease”. There were 5 journals that fit the inclusion criteria set. The results of the literature analysis found were published in 2020, 2021, and 2022, the research design used was pre-experimental. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, easy touch, hypothesis. The research instrument used was an observation sheet, the data analysis used was mostly 80% paried sample T test. The results of the review of all journals show that physical exercises such as walking, diabetic gymnastics, and aerobics can significantly reduce blood glucose levels before and after the most effective is the activity of walking providing the greatest reduction compared to other types of exercise. Health workers can apply the effect of physical exercise in the form of walking in reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

Introduction: Pregnancy exercise is physical exercise with certain movements carried out specifically to improve maternal health during pregnancy. Objective: Demonstrate pregnancy exercise movements in preparation for childbirth through demonstrations.   Method: Te method used in community service is in the from of a class for pregnant women in the from of a pregnancy exercise demostration.     Results: The results of the evalution carried out from 8 pregnant women praticipants, three were 20% of pregnant women with TM I as increasing their knowledge to face the next trimester, and the remaining 60% were TM III who had done pregnancy exercises well and enthusiastically. Discussion: Contains a description of the discussion of community service result, theoretical discussions relevant to the findings of community service result. Also discusses theoretical findings from the service process from the beginning until social change occurs. Conclusion: That pregnant women can pratice pregnancy exercises correctly and pay more attention to preparation for childbirth. Apart from that, pregnant women have also gained knowledge to face the next trimester.

At present, competition in the banking industry is very tight and each banking company competes in prioritizing their strategies to improve the quality of the services they provide to their customers. One of the keys to producing quality services is by conducting human resource development activities. To support this, PT Bank BNI has several programs that are used to improve the competence of employees including the Daily Exercise Employee Program 46 (DEEP 46), BNI Smarter, and trainings that are usually held by the BNI Corporate University (BCV) division. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze human resource development and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors at PT BNI (Persero). The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are interviews, documentation, and observation. The results of the research on human resource development at PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) from three indicators, namely, (1) Knowledge, there are still employees who do not understand the material and conduct their own class sessions with employees who are better at mastering the material that has been taught during training activities, (2) Skills (ability), there are still obstacles that affect the performance of employees, (3) Skills, there are still employees whose abilities do not develop after participating in training activities.

Introduction : Neck pain is defined as pain experienced from the base of the head (occiput) to the upper part of the back and extends to the outer and upper borders of the shoulder blade (scapula). Excessive use of cellphones by continuously placing the head in the same position will cause weakness and fatigue in the neck muscles. Purpose : This education aims to explain the causes, symptoms and exercises that can be done independently to prevent ongoing pain. Method : The method used is by providing education to teenagers, with promotional media in the form of leaflets to make it more interesting and easy to understand which contains definitions, symptoms, risk factors and exercises to reduce the pain felt.  Conclusion : The educational activities that have been carried out at Ahmad Yani Jabung Vocational School, Malang can provide students with knowledge and insight regarding neck pain so that they can increase their knowledge about how to prevent and treat neck pain independently by carrying out active exercises.  

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia lives with a pluralistic society. The existence of this pluralistic society indicates that Indonesia is filled with diversity. Starting from ethnic diversity, customs, culture, religion, and many more Again. This diversity shows that Indonesia needs a system democratic government, where every government process requires the people's contribution so that the people continue to live side by side even though they are filled with the essence A democratic country is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. This means that the government exercises its power on behalf of the people. Therefore, Indonesia implementing an election system in determining leaders in Indonesia. However, in this election process there are ties of primordialism that influence how people determine their choices according to certain beliefs trusted. This research explores the existence of primordialism in elections in Indonesia, especially in West Tanjungpinang District, Tanjungpinang City. Researcher explore the primordial factors, such as customs, ethnicity, culture, religion and social groups that influence the dynamics of elections. Researchers found that Primordialism often influences voting behavior. This research too aims to find out how primordialism influences voting behavior in West Tanjungpinang District

Introduction: One form of health service that physiotherapy can provide is using communication and education to the community, such as education in the toddler posyandu community. Methods: the method used is the provision of health promotion counseling on baby massage and oral motor exercise in infants to toddlers. This counseling was conducted on October 14, 2024 in the toddler class RW 03, Arjosari village, Blimbing District, Malang City with 10 mothers of toddlers being targeted in this counseling. The implementation of this counseling uses leaflets as promotional media. Giving pre-test and post-test as an instrument to measure the effectiveness of this counseling. Results: the results showed that the second question of the pre-test obtained a value of 0% and the post-test value obtained a result that increased to 90%. Then, for the third question, the pre-test score was 0% and the post-test score increased to 70%. Conclusion: The evaluation results state that the counseling activities carried out in the toddler class have increased knowledge to participants regarding oral motor exercise and baby massage.

This study evaluated the effect of interval training on improving cardiovascular endurance in young athletes. A total of 30 athletes aged 15-18 years participated in an interval training program for 8 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in aerobic capacity and cardiac efficiency compared to the control group that underwent conventional exercise. This study recommends interval training as an effective strategy in improving the physical endurance of young athletes.

This study aims to determine the effect of balance training on improving the performance of pencak silat athletes. The study was conducted with an experimental design on 20 provincial-level pencak silat athletes. The results showed that balance exercises significantly improved body stability, agility, and movement coordination, which contributed to improved competitive performance. This study emphasizes the importance of balance training in the training program of martial athletes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease in the form of a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels above normal limits. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Self Care and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Bhakti Asih General Hospital, Tangerang City in 2024. Self care is an independent action that includes diet, exercise, and foot care to control blood sugar. Quality of life is a good or bad condition of diabetes mellitus patients in viewing their disease. The design of this study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Bhakti Asih General Hospital in September 2024, totaling 169 respondents. The sampling technique for this study used purposive sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using Pearson product moment. The results showed that the majority of self care was good as many as 128 (75.7%) and good quality of life as many as 125 (74.0%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between self care and quality of life <0.001. This study concluded that optimal self-care has a positive impact on the quality of life of patients. The results of this study concluded that there is a Relationship between Self-Care and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Health problems in the elderly are increasingly becoming a major concern at global and national levels, along with increasing life expectancy. One of the most common health problems faced by the elderly is musculoskeletal disease, including rheumatism. This study aimed to determine the effect of rheumatic exercise on the ability of elderly individuals to perform daily activities. This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design. The results showed that The results of the Wilcoxon rank test were p = 0.000, which was smaller than α = 0.05. This study shows the effect of rheumatic exercise on the ability of the elderly to perform daily activities. This shows that rheumatic exercise is an effective intervention to support the ability of the elderly to face physical and psychological challenges due to aging and chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

This study aims to determine the effect of push-up exercise on free throw shooting performance in male students of the basketball extracurricular at SMAN 1 Patokbeusi. The type of research is experimental, with a research design using a “One-Group pretest-posttest design” to observe the impact of the push-up treatment on free throw shooting performance. The population in this study consists of 12 male students from the basketball extracurricular at SMAN 1 Patokbeusi, all of whom were selected as the sample. The instrument used is a free throw shooting test, with a validity of 0.890 and reliability of 0.880. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test at a 5% significance level. The analysis results show “There is an effect of push-up exercise on free throw shooting performance in male students of the basketball extracurricular at SMAN 1 Patokbeusi,” with a t-value of 16.258 > t-table value of 2.201 and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05.

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure is abnormally high with systolic and diastolic numbers showing numbers higher than 140/90 mmHg. As a form of concern for public health, development and training for KWT members, cadres, and hypertension sufferers in RW 03, Cigadung Hamlet, Karyamukti Village were carried out. The community empowerment effort carried out is by planting and processing cucumbers and celery. The method used was participatory-based which involved health education through lectures, questions and answers, as well as filling out pre-test and post-test to measure the increase in knowledge. In addition, joint exercises designed to support a healthy lifestyle were conducted. The result of this community empowerment activity is the difference in knowledge level before and after the intervention with a p-value: 0.000 <0.05.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence interest in learning Arabic at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Madrasah Tsanawiyah and the teacher's efforts to improve this interest. This qualitative study describes and analyzes the phenomenon in Arabic language learning in the classroom. To collect data, observation of the learning process, interviews with students, Arabic teachers, and the head of the madrasah, and documentation were used. This study used students and Arabic teachers as data sources. The results showed that several factors that influenced students' interest in learning Arabic at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 were learning methods, educational facilities, family and school environments, the ability to read and write the Qur'an, students' educational backgrounds, and teacher character. To improve students' interest in learning Arabic, teachers did the following: providing opportunities for students to participate actively, providing exercises or assignments, using appropriate methods, connecting lessons with what they already knew, and explaining the objectives of the lesson before the lesson began.  

Human breathing involves a process that brings oxygen from the outside air to body tissues and expels carbon dioxide from the lungs. This mechanism is characterized by decreased inspiratory pressure, reduced minute ventilation, and increased tension in the respiratory muscles. So that breathing for humans is very important, in certain conditions, the respiratory tract can be disrupted and cause various symptoms, one of the respiratory disorders is pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural cavity. This can cause problems with ventilation, oxygen supply, or both. When these symptoms occur in the absence of lung trauma or obvious pathology, the patient is said to have primary spontaneous pneumothorax. If the pneumothorax is accompanied by complications or the presence of pulmonary disease, the prognosis of the disease will be worse and treatment will be more difficult. One of the actions in pneumothorax cases is physiotherapy rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to find out whether physiotherapy intervention can reduce complaints in pneumothorax patients. .  Patients are given exercise therapy in the form of pursed lip breathing, thoracic expansion exercise and gentle massage. From the therapy given as much as 3x therapy, the results were obtained in the form of decreased shortness of breath, increased thoracic expansion and increased functional activity.

Urinary incontinence occurs when a person's urine leaks unknowingly or unintentionally. Urinary incontinence varies in the form of urine excretion which is sometimes only a few drops or vice versa it is really a lot. One way to prevent urinary incontinence is to treat it, and doing Kegel exercises is one way to deal with it. (Sangga, M.W, R.C Choeron & Y Rosdiana, 2021). This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of the elderly about urinary incontinence and how to overcome the problem of urinary incontinence. This community service activity uses the lecture method, and questions and answers and kegel gymnastics exercises. The lecture method was carried out by delivering material about urinary incontinence, the question and answer method was carried out by asking participants about the material that had been presented and doing kegel exercises in the elderly. The results of this community service activity were obtained that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been delivered and perform kegel exercises independently. Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, the elderly are enthusiastic about accepting the entire series of activities ranging from the percentage of material delivery to the implementation of service running with Lanca, the elderly are very active in asking and answering questions and actively participating in kegel gymnastics training.

Community service is one of the pillars of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which aims to provide real contributions to improving community welfare. In this context, the community service program implemented in RW 03, Paledang Village, Bogor City, aims to educate and intervene in health problems, especially hypertension. Hypertension was chosen based on the results of initial data analysis which showed the prevalence of high blood pressure reaching 66% in the community. Activities included hypertension gymnastics, health education, and melon juice distribution, which were carried out in a participatory manner by nursing students and supervising lecturers. The implementation method consisted of three stages: planning through data collection and analysis, implementation of educational and promotive activities, and evaluation to identify obstacles and impacts of the program. The results showed an almost even distribution between men and women, with the majority of respondents in the middle adult age group (40–59 years) and secondary education level (high school/vocational high school). These findings indicate that a community-based education and intervention approach can increase public awareness of the importance of preventing and controlling hypertension. This program has a positive impact, both for the community and students, through direct application of knowledge, improving public health, and strengthening the role of the nursing profession in the community.

Back pain is a disorder that is often encountered in pregnant women, this is caused by the shift of gravity towards the body's core towards the front. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and complaints of low back pain in pregnant women III at the Birem Bayuen Community Health Center. This research uses an experimental research design. The sample for this study was all pregnant women in the third trimester at the Birem Bayuem Community Health Center who were included. The results of this study were lower back discomfort in pregnant women before pregnancy activities, more than half of respondents reported low back pain on a scale of 3 (very painful). Most respondents reported reduced back pain, as many as 7 respondents reported no pain. This is lower back pain in pregnant women III after pregnancy exercise. Through this research, pregnant women understand the benefits of pregnancy exercise during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester of pregnancy, which has a very good impact so that mothers feel comfort and reduce complaints during pregnancy, such as lower back pain in particular

This community service aimed to enhance the digital literacy of Muslim community leaders (Takmir Masjid) in Klaten Utara, Indonesia, to improve the effectiveness of da'wah communication. The training program focused on equipping participants with the knowledge and skills to utilize digital platforms for religious outreach. The program covered various topics, including creating engaging content, utilizing social media effectively, and understanding digital ethics. Participants learned to create informative and engaging da'wah content by utilizing various digital platforms and multimedia tools. The training employed a participatory approach, involving lectures, discussions, and practical exercises. A total of 30 Takmir Masjid from 30 mosques participated in the program. The results showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding and skills in using digital media for da'wah purposes. This program is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and engaging da'wah communication in the digital age, fostering a broader reach and deeper understanding of Islamic teachings within the community.