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This study aimed to develop a competency-based performance evaluation model for mathematics teachers at the junior secondary level. Recognizing the crucial role of teacher quality in student achievement, the study focused on measurable aspects of performance, including content mastery, instructional management, and professional commitment. A quantitative approach was employed using a research and development (R&D) framework, supported by a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews, and expert validations through focus group discussions. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and LISREL. The results indicated that the developed model effectively differentiated teacher performance across various school categories, with 45% categorized as good, 53% adequate, and 2% poor. Student achievement was positively correlated, with 82% achieving the minimum competency threshold. The factor analysis confirmed a valid measurement model: F1 = 0.505ZX1 + 0.475ZX2 + 0.308ZX3, explaining 57.92% of the variance in teacher performance. The findings suggest that teacher evaluation must integrate multidimensional competencies and contextual factors to be accurate and actionable. This study contributes a validated, data-driven evaluation framework aligned with national standards and global educational expectations, offering practical implications for policy, supervision, and teacher development.

The #KaburAjaDulu phenomenon illustrates a significant increase in the migration of young Indonesian laborers abroad in 2024–2025. This study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the social and economic factors driving migration, including domestic economic instability, low minimum wages, and unfavorable socio-political conditions. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and online surveys, then analyzed thematically and used descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that, in addition to economic factors, narratives of diaspora success and access to international opportunities also accelerate migration decisions. This phenomenon has dual implications: the potential for brain drain along with significant remittance contributions to the national economy. The study emphasizes the need for integrated policies to enhance employment opportunities and improve domestic socio-economic conditions to reduce the rate of young labor migration.

This study aims to analyze the effect of audit tenure, auditor switching, and audit opinion on audit report lag in energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2020–2023 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from the company's annual report available on the official IDX website and related company websites. The sample used a purposive sampling method, with a total of 208 financial reports from 90 energy sector companies that met the research criteria. The data analysis methods used include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation), and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 25 software. The results of the study reflect that partially, audit tenure, auditor switching and audit opinion have a significant effect on audit report lag. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on audit report lag.

This research aims to examine how the predicted years in school and the unemployment rate influence labor force participation (TPAK) in Aceh Province. Across several cities and communities in Aceh, it employs secondary panel data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS).  Panel regression analysis is done using the Random Effect Model (REM) approach in this study. The results show that TPAK is negatively and substantially affected by the unemployment rate, while the projected years of schooling have no significant statistical impact. TPAK changes are generally only marginally affected by either of these causes. The coefficient of determination reveals that the model explains only 8. 3% of the TPAK swings. Although education and unemployment are components of labor market behavior, other, more important variables are more crucial in influencing labor force participation in Aceh, as these results suggest.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between marketing strategies and customer satisfaction on e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. Effective marketing strategies are essential in facing intense competition in the digital world, especially in enhancing customer satisfaction, which influences loyalty and business sustainability. This research uses a quantitative survey approach involving 100 active users of Shopee and Tokopedia platforms. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between marketing strategies and customer satisfaction, with a correlation value of 0.673 and a contribution of 45.3%. Digital promotions, personalized services, and loyalty programs are key factors in improving customer satisfaction. However, customer service aspects require more attention to support overall satisfaction. This study implies that e-commerce platforms must continuously develop integrated marketing strategies alongside quality service improvements to maintain and enhance customer satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the effects of inflation on household consumption in Indonesia. Thus, the focus on the dynamics of people's spending is based on basic needs and non-smoking. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach enhanced by secondary data from macroeconomic literature and primary data in the form of national statistical reports published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This analysis is carried out based on the concept of Keynes' consumption theory, Friedman's permanent income hypothesis, and Modigliani's life cycle theory. The results show that increasing inflation has a significant impact on lower household consumption. In particular, the low group with moderate sorting shows a large allocation of income for basic needs. Groups with higher incomes through alternative strategies or delayed consumption tend to be more adaptable. These results suggest that price control policies and social security networks are strengthened as an effort to maintain consumption stability in the budget. This summary includes the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions related to explaining the actual conditions and political impacts of the relationship between Indonesian inflation and household consumption.

The study examines the effects of implementing the Creative Problem Solving (cps) instructional model integrated with Wordwall gamification on the mathematical problem solving abilities of eighth-grade Students at MTs. L-Bashriyah. The purpose of this research is to avaluate the impact of  CPS combined with Wordwall on students’ Performance in Two-Variable Linear Equation Systems (SPLDV) compared to conventional methods. This research employs a Quasi-Experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group. Using a quantitave approach. The sample consists of 40 eighth-grade students of MTs. AL-Bashriyah as the experimental group and 32 students of MTs. Nurul Huda as the control group. Selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis utilizes normalized gain scores and descriptive statistics with a 5% significance threshold. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement : the experimental group’s average postest score (81.16) markedly increased from the pretest (33.99). The control group showed moderate growth (66.45 from 32.91). Normalized gain analysis classifies the experimental group’s progress as high and the control group’s as medium. The findings demonstrate that CPS-Wordwall integration significantly enhances mathematical problem-solving skills. Thus, this model presents a viable innovative strategy for SPLDV instruction.

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level, occupation, income and product price on the level of cigarette consumption in Sukolilo District, Surabaya City. The type of research used is quantitative method. The data sources used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to respondents of people who actively smoke in Sukolilo District and secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and related agencies. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS for windows program version 25.0. The population and sample in this study were 81 respondents selected using non probability sampling technique, namely accidental sampling using Isac Michel formula with 10% margin of error. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression, F test, T test, and coefficient of determination (R Square). The results showed that partially education, employment, income and product prices had a positive and significant effect on the level of cigarette consumption and the coefficient of determination was 89.2%. It is hoped that this information can provide benefits to the community in Sukolilo Subdistrict or can be input for local governments and policy makers in efforts to control cigarette consumption.

The implementation of a 32% reciprocal import tariff by the United States in April 2025, targeting Indonesian palm oil, reflects an intensifying global trend of trade protectionism. As one of Indonesia’s top export commodities, palm oil was severely affected by the policy, revealing the structural fragility of the country’s export-dependent economy. The tariff led to immediate disruptions in trade flows, price competitiveness, and employment across the palm oil supply chain. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of the U.S. tariff policy on Indonesia’s palm oil industry and to examine the government’s policy responses in mitigating these effects. The research also seeks to identify strategic lessons for improving trade resilience in the face of unilateral trade measures. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, integrating macroeconomic analysis and international trade theory. It uses secondary data from trade statistics, government reports, and international institutions, combined with conceptual frameworks including global value chain theory, comparative advantage, and trade policy response models. The findings indicate that the tariff caused a 22.5% decline in export value and a 24.9% drop in volume within the first quarter after implementation. Approximately 17,000 workers were affected, and investor confidence weakened due to disruptions in downstream value chains. In response, the Indonesian government launched a five-pillar strategy covering trade diplomacy, market diversification, regulatory reform, fiscal support, and digital service trade bargaining. These findings highlight the urgent need for structural transformation, value-added industrial development, and adaptive trade governance to strengthen Indonesia’s long-term economic resilience.

This study aims to analyze the development, challenges, and opportunities of Ro-Ro ships in the maritime transportation system in Indonesia. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia needs an efficient mode of sea transportation to connect areas between islands. The method used is a mixed approach, with quantitative analysis of shipping statistics and vehicle volume, as well as qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results of the study show that Ro-Ro ships have advantages in loading and unloading efficiency and travel time, especially on congested routes such as Merak-Bakauheni and Ketapang-Gilimanuk. However, there are major challenges in the aspects of port infrastructure, licensing regulations, and digitization of public services. This study recommends investment in port infrastructure, bureaucratic simplification, and the development of strategic routes and digital information systems to support the optimization of Ro-Ro ships as an efficient and sustainable mode of maritime transportation in Indonesia.

Stock return refers to the income received by investors from their investment in a firm, either directly or through a securities firm. The level of stock return is crucial in investment analysis as it serves as a key indicator for investors in evaluating the performance and profit potential of a stock. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and firm size on stock returns in manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 65 companies. Data analysis techniques employed include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, processed using IBM SPSS 25. The findings indicate that profitability has a significant positive effect on stock return, liquidity has a significant positive effect, leverage has a significant negative effect, and firm size also has a significant positive effect on stock return. The implications of this study are expected to provide empirical contributions regarding the influence of these variables on stock returns and to offer managerial insights and additional references for corporate decision-making aimed at increasing stock returns.   Keywords: stock return, profitability, liquidity, leverage, firm size

The development of digital technology has changed the landscape of educational media, especially in the field of engineering, where abstract concepts often pose a challenge. In electrical engineering education, students often have difficulty understanding concepts such as current flow and circuit behavior due to limited class time and a lack of visualization tools. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in enhancing conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and student engagement in the Electrical Circuits course. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was applied, involving two groups: one group used AR-based media, while the control group used traditional instruction. Both groups underwent pre-tests and post-tests with 30 multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain scores. Results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant improvement, with the average post-test score increasing from 62 to 81 and an N-Gain score of 0.48, while the control group only improved from 61 to 71 with an N-Gain score of 0.25. Statistical tests confirmed significant differences between the two groups. These findings indicate that AR is effective in enhancing understanding of complex concepts and can be integrated into technical education curricula to meet modern learning demands.

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. The sample consisted of 43 respondents selected using a saturated sampling (census) method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) approach. The results indicate that organizational support has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational commitment also has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, organizational support positively and significantly affects organizational commitment. Organizational commitment partially and complementarily mediates the influence of organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior. Theoretically, this research supports the Social Exchange Theory. Practically, the findings can serve as input for the management of Taman Tirtagangga to enhance employee support in order to foster voluntary behaviors and employee commitment.  

In the first quarter of 2025, the Indonesian rupiah experienced a significant depreciation, weakening from approximately IDR 15,800 per USD in January to IDR 17,200 per USD by the end of March 2025. This study aims to identify and analyze the external and domestic factors contributing to the rupiah’s decline during this period. External pressure mainly stemmed from the U.S. Federal Reserve’s hawkish stance—maintaining its benchmark interest rate at 5.25%–5.50% which triggered capital outflows from emerging markets. Additionally, global geopolitical uncertainty, including tensions in Eastern Europe and trade frictions between the U.S. and China, raised the global risk premium and strengthened the U.S. dollar against the rupiah. On the domestic side, Indonesia’s trade deficit widened to USD 3.2 billion in Q1 2025 due to rising energy import demand amid surging global oil prices. Furthermore, the state budget deficit increased to IDR 104.2 trillion by March 2025 up 20% year on year undermining investor confidence. Using a qualitative descriptive method through content analysis of reports from Bank Indonesia, BPS trade statistics, and relevant media sources, this study finds that the combination of elevated U.S. interest rates, geopolitical tensions, trade imbalances, and fiscal deficits accelerated the depreciation of the rupiah. Policy recommendations include targeted foreign exchange intervention by Bank Indonesia, monetary tightening in line with global trends, fiscal consolidation to reduce the budget deficit, and export diversification to mitigate external shocks.

The purpose of this study was to determine how much academic supervision at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara improves teacher performance. This study, which used a quantitative methodology and a straightforward linear regression analytic method, included all 41 of the school's teachers. Direct observation, the distribution of questionnaires, and documentation were used to gather data. The SPSS program was used to first assess the validity and reliability of each instrument. Descriptive statistics, linear regression testing to determine the association between variables, and normality and linearity tests were all part of the data analysis. With a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 4.299 that was higher than the t table of 2.021, the study's findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between academic supervision and the caliber of teacher performance. Furthermore, the use of academic supervision accounts for 51.1% of the difference in teacher performance, with other factors not included in this study influencing the remaining 48.9%. These results suggest that while academic supervision is a significant component in raising the caliber of teacher work, other outside variables still require consideration in order to achieve the best possible outcomes during the teaching process.

The aim of this study is to measure the influence and contribution of the freelance job, soft skill development, and interest in entrepreneurship on Generation Z career preparation in Semarang City. Using a quantitative approach, this study utilized a five-point Likert scale to measure the questionnaire on primary data. A total of 112 respondents’ survey data was tested using the purposive sampling method and analyzed with the classical assumption test and multiple regression in SPSS Statistics 25. The result shows that the freelance job is found to have influenced career preparation significantly and positively. It was also found that soft skill development influenced career preparation significantly and positively. Additionally, interest in entrepreneurship has a significant and positive influence on career preparation.

This study aims to analyze the effect of population size and open unemployment rate on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Riau Province. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The data used is secondary data based on districts/cities in Riau Province obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis results indicate that population size has a positive and significant effect on the HDI, while the open unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect. The F-test also shows that both variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the HDI. The R-squared value of 56.08% indicates that the model adequately explains the variation in the HDI. These findings suggest that improving population quality and reducing unemployment rates are key factors in enhancing human development quality in Riau Province.

The practice of tax avoidance is often used by companies to legally reduce tax obligations, which can harm the state. Companies with high profitability and large size may indicate the use of more complex effective tax planning strategies. This study aims to examine the influence of profitability and company size on tax avoidance. This research is explanatory in nature. The research sample consists of 19 manufacturing companies in the food and beverage subsector listed on the IDX for the period 2020–2023, obtained through purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, goodness-of-fit tests (F-test and coefficient of determination), and hypothesis testing (t-test). The results show that profitability has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while company size has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance

Right thinking requires means or tools of thinking. This means is certain, so scientific activity will not be maximized without the means of scientific thinking. Mastery of scientific tools is very important for scientists in order to carry out scientific activities properly. The type of writing in this article is literature revieu or literature, the data is described descriptively, so that it shows a scientific study that can be further developed. The results of this study are that the stages of scientific activity require tools in the form of scientific thinking tools. The means of scientific thinking serves only as a tool for humans to think scientifically in order to gain knowledge. Language is a means of communicating systematic ways of thinking in acquiring knowledge. Without language skills, a person will not be able to carry out scientific activities systematically and correctly. Logic as a means of scientific thinking directs humans to think correctly in accordance with the rules of correct thinking. Logic helps humans to think systematically which can be accounted for. If you want to do thinking activities correctly, you must use logical thinking rules. Logic can distinguish between correct thinking processes and incorrect thinking processes. Mathematics is a means of deductive thinking, so people can use statistics for inductive thinking. Deductive thinking and inductive thinking are needed to support correct scientific activities so that they will produce correct knowledge as well. Statistics should not be underestimated by people who want to be able to carry out scientific activities properly. Mastery of statistics is necessary for people who will draw valid conclusions. Statistics must be seen as equal to mathematics.

This study analyzes the patterns and dynamics of income inequality across districts and municipalities in Aceh Province during the 2022–2024 period using data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). A descriptive-comparative approach was employed with the Gini Ratio as the main indicator to examine spatial variations and inequality trends between urban and rural areas. The results show that Aceh’s Gini Ratio declined from 0.296 in 2022 to 0.294 in 2024, indicating a modest improvement in income distribution. The reduction in inequality mainly occurred in rural areas, while urban regions experienced a slight increase due to the concentration of economic activities among higher-income groups. Banda Aceh and Lhokseumawe recorded the highest inequality levels, whereas Aceh Tengah and Bireuen demonstrated relatively strong income equality. Overall, Aceh remains one of the provinces with low-income inequality in Indonesia but still faces challenges of structural disparities across regions. The findings highlight the need to shift policy orientation from redistributive equality toward productivity-based equality through regional economic integration, empowerment of micro and small enterprises, and the development of inclusive economic sectors to achieve equitable and sustainable growth..