Publication Search

Conflict is a universal phenomenon that emerges in various aspects of life, ranging from education, social interactions, and law to ecological systems. Its complex dynamics require a deeper understanding of both the underlying sources and levels of conflict to enable constructive management. This study aims to systematically review the literature on conflict with a focus on two key aspects: *sources of conflict* and *levels of conflict*. The method employed is a literature review by searching articles through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keywords “sources of conflict” and “levels of conflict.” From an initial pool of 30 articles, screening was conducted based on relevance, recency (2019–2025), and open access availability. The final selection yielded 7 articles for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that sources of conflict include internal factors (psychological, values, communication), external factors (ecological, socio-cultural), and structural dimensions (legal, political). Levels of conflict were identified at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and structural levels. This review highlights that conflict is a multidisciplinary phenomenon requiring integrative examination. The implications suggest the need for developing a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework to understand conflict comprehensively and to provide a stronger basis for more effective resolution strategies.

Al-Mashun Grand Mosque Medan, the design of this mosque is a representation of Malay cultural and religious symbolism in Islamic architecture in Indonesia. This mosque was founded in 1906, this mosque is a complex and multifaceted topic. The architectural design of this mosque is not only visually aesthetic, but also represents the spiritual and traditional values ​​of the local community. Analyze cultural symbolism in structures, ornaments, and decorations how each chosen detail contains philosophical and religious meaning. Islamic geometric decoration symbols in the form of calligraphic flowers, and floral shapes are used to bring religious principles and universal harmony to life. Local elements such as wood and natural stone add an authentic element. Elements of cultural symbolism, it can be understood how detailed the exterior and interior design is with the identity of the local people of North Sumatra, with this article to sharpen the understanding of cultural symbolism in the design.

This study aims to analyze the forms of conflicts that arise within the educational environment and their implications for educational management. The research employs a quantitative approach based on library research by reviewing relevant journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 that address value conflicts, educational policies, and inter-stakeholder interests. The results indicate that value conflicts are often influenced by cultural differences, parenting styles, technological developments, and friction between traditional and modern values in schools. Policy conflicts emerge when national policies are not aligned with the readiness of facilities, teachers’ competencies, and school contexts. Meanwhile, conflicts of interest occur due to differing priorities among teachers, school principals, parents, and the government. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing adaptive and collaborative management strategies. This article provides an overview of an ideal educational management model to address conflicts and identify opportunities for improvement in the future.  

Public service innovation across various levels of government represents a positive sign of progress in Indonesia’s bureaucratic reform efforts. In practice, however, it is essential to ensure that such innovations genuinely enhance the public value of existing services so that they effectively address the needs of service recipients. Field evidence indicates that the implementation of public service innovations continues to face multiple challenges. The public value generated by an innovation may vary—or even fail—when viewed from the perspectives of different stakeholder groups. This study examines these dilemmas, an area that remains relatively underexplored. Employing a qualitative approach that includes in-depth interviews, observation, and a review of relevant literature, the research finds that failures in public value often arise from inherent dilemmas within public service innovation itself. Accordingly, government administrators are expected to develop a clear understanding of the values that should be embedded in the public service innovations they implement. Furthermore, attention must be paid to variations in social conditions and local cultures, as enhancing public value requires alignment between the values underpinning innovation and the cultural context of the community it serves. Finally, public sector organizations, as the primary agents of practical implementation, must provide legitimate mechanisms to reconcile value conflicts when they arise.  

This study aims to analyze the representation of Sultan Agung’s leadership in the film Sultan Agung directed by Hanung Bramantyo, using a descriptive qualitative approach. The research highlights how film as a medium constructs the meaning of leadership through narrative, visual elements, cultural symbols, and character development. Stuart Hall’s theory of representation is utilized to understand meaning construction in film, while leadership analysis refers to charismatic, transformational, and authoritarian models. Roland Barthes’ semiotic analysis is applied to examine denotation, connotation, and myth within the film’s elements. Data were collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and literature study, then systematically processed and analyzed. The findings show that Sultan Agung portrays not only a historical figure of leadership but also reflects cultural values and national identity relevant to contemporary Indonesia. The representation of leadership is constructed through cultural symbols, dialogues, and a meaningful storyline, generating new discourse about the ideal leader in modern society. This study is expected to enrich media and leadership studies and contribute to the development of contextual leadership insight among the younger generation.

Sustainable tourism aims to maximize the potential of travel destinations while maintaining a careful balance between social, economic, and environmental factors, and coastal tourism such as that found at Mutun Beach in Lampung illustrates both the promise and the urgency of this approach. Coastal tourism is one of the fastest-growing segments of the global travel industry, offering visitors natural beauty, recreational activities, and cultural experiences that generate significant income for local economies. In Indonesia, beaches are major attractions that can boost regional development through job creation, small business opportunities, and improved infrastructure. Mutun Beach, a well-known coastal destination on the southern coast of Sumatra, contributes greatly to the Regional Original Income (PAD) of Lampung Province and provides livelihoods for surrounding communities. Yet despite its popularity, the area continues to face persistent problems such as weak administrative management, limited community participation, inadequate facilities, and signs of environmental degradation, all of which threaten its long-term sustainability. This service project therefore focuses on designing a comprehensive plan for sustainable tourism growth at Mutun Beach for the 2025–2030 period. A participatory strategy is employed through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving local government, tourism stakeholders, community members, academics, and potential investors to ensure inclusive decision-making. The resulting five-stage roadmap emphasizes strengthening tourism regulations, constructing eco-friendly infrastructure, empowering residents with training and entrepreneurial opportunities, creating tourism products that highlight environmental and cultural values, and adopting digital marketing to reach broader audiences. Success indicators include increased regional revenue, rising visitor numbers, higher tourist satisfaction, and measurable improvements in coastal environmental health. Implementing this roadmap is urgent because coastal tourism directly supports economic growth, provides steady employment, and safeguards natural resources, ensuring that Mutun Beach remains both competitive and environmentally resilient for generations to come.

The Community Service Program (KKN) is one of the important ways of serving the community in preserving local culture. This activity was carried out in Pangkat Village, Lembah Sorik Marapi Subdistrict, with the aim of safeguarding Gordang Sambilan as a symbol of Mandailing local wisdom. The program sought to raise awareness among the community, especially the younger generation, about the philosophical, spiritual, and social values embedded in Gordang Sambilan, while also encouraging the emergence of a new generation of traditional art performers. The method applied combined a participatory-collaborative approach with educational and cultural strategies, along with the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) model. The stages of the program included preparation, socialization, cultural performances, and basic training. The results showed increased community participation, strong enthusiasm among the younger generation to practice, and support from village officials and cultural leaders. This program demonstrates that active intergenerational involvement through direct practice can strengthen Mandailing cultural identity and open opportunities for the development of culture-based tourism.

This research aims to develop an innovative dessert product called Panna Cotta Wedang Kacang that combines Italian culinary elements with traditional Indonesian flavors. Panna cotta, a classic Italian dessert made from milk and gelatin, is creatively infused with wedang kacang, a traditional Javanese beverage consisting of sweet ginger broth and boiled peanuts, to create a unique taste sensation that reflects local cultural values. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) method with an experimental approach to determine the best formulation based on organoleptic aspects, namely taste, aroma, texture, and appearance. Organoleptic testing was conducted with 30 panelists using a 1–5 hedonic scale. The results indicate that the optimal formulation is achieved from a combination of panna cotta made with liquid milk, cream, sugar, gelatin, and wedang kacang broth in a 2:1 ratio, topped with boiled peanuts. The final product received the highest scores for taste and aroma, particularly due to the harmonious blend of the creamy mild flavor of panna cotta and the warm sweetness of ginger from the wedang kacang. Additionally, the nutritional content of the product was analyzed descriptively, demonstrating that Panna Cotta Wedang Kacang has the potential to serve as a functional dessert due to its plant-based protein and antioxidant content from ginger. The conclusion of this research is that Panna Cotta Wedang Kacang is well-received by consumers and has the potential to be developed as a modern dessert alternative with a local touch.

Strengthening religious moderation is a strategic effort to build a harmonious social life, especially in Berastagi, which is characterized by cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Through the Community Service Program (KKN) of UINSU students in 2025, various programs were designed to encourage community participation while raising collective awareness of the importance of religious moderation values. The main programs include a dish soap-making workshop as an economic empowerment initiative, an anti-bullying campaign to instill tolerance, an education awareness campaign to build a quality generation, the creation of educational boards on waste management to preserve the environment, and the “Sapa Desa” (Semangat Aksi Peduli Desa) movement to strengthen social relations. In addition, supplementary programs such as KKN Cerdas, RUMTAr, Gen Q, Spada, along with student involvement in the fruit and flower festival, selling local products, supporting farmers, and fundraising for the Independence Day celebration, further reinforced collaborative roles with the community. These activities are expected to create synergy between students and the people of Berastagi in fostering inclusive attitudes, mutual cooperation, and environmental care, making religious moderation not only a concept but also a real practice in social life.

This study investigates the influence of the film Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck on students’ perceptions of Minangkabau culture, focusing on Communication Science students at Bina Sarana Informatika University (UBSI). The research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method, applying the Uses and Effects theory to examine how media content affects audience perception. The study aims to understand how cultural values embedded in the film impact students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral orientations toward Minangkabau traditions. A total of respondents were surveyed to measure their cultural perceptions before and after watching the film. Statistical analysis using correlation tests reveals a significant relationship between exposure to the film and students’ cultural perceptions, with a correlation coefficient of 0.631, indicating a moderately strong influence. The film illustrates various aspects of Minangkabau culture, including the matrilineal kinship system, social norms, and traditional values, which significantly enhance students’ awareness and understanding. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the film contributes not only to knowledge acquisition but also to shaping attitudes and potential behavioral changes toward cultural appreciation. The study concludes that film, as a powerful visual medium, plays a substantial role in shaping cultural perceptions among the younger generation. These findings underline the importance of strengthening cultural literacy through audiovisual media while encouraging critical perspectives to avoid misinterpretation of cultural messages. Future research is recommended to compare the impact of different cultural films across diverse student populations to deepen the understanding of media influence on cultural perception.

Film is one of the most effective forms of mass communication for conveying messages to the public. Home Sweet Loan is a film that presents elements of representation reflecting the spirit of a generation in pursuing their dreams. This research aims to identify and understand the various representations of the spirit of pursuing dreams as depicted in the film Home Sweet Loan. Using Roland Barthes semiotic analysis, this study explores the representations by breaking down the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded in the film’s scenes and dialogues as research data. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and literature review. The findings reveal several representations of the spirit of pursuing dreams, which include: (1) a strong desire to own a home despite limitations, (2) financial discipline in managing income and expenses, (3) independence from social standards and expectations, (4) persistence in facing harsh realities of economic and social pressure, and (5) courage to step out from one’s comfort zone and take risks. These elements collectively reflect the struggles of the younger generation, especially urban communities, in achieving personal independence and long-term aspirations. Overall, the study highlights how Home Sweet Loan functions not only as a medium of entertainment but also as a cultural text that conveys values of resilience, financial awareness, and self-determination. The film illustrates that pursuing dreams requires both perseverance and the ability to resist limiting stereotypes, making it relevant to broader discussions on representation in contemporary Indonesian cinema.

Homecare services are increasingly recognized as a preferred healthcare option because of their practicality, flexibility, and accessibility, especially for elderly patients and individuals with physical limitations who face difficulties in reaching health facilities. This study aims to examine the relationship between consumer, provider, sociocultural, and organizational factors with patients’ preferences in selecting homecare services. Employing a quantitative approach with a descriptive analytical design, data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to determine the significance of each factor. The findings reveal that consumer-related aspects, such as personal needs, convenience, and trust (p = 0.005), along with sociocultural influences including social norms, cultural values, and family support (p < 0.001), have a significant relationship with patients’ choices of homecare services. In contrast, provider factors (p = 0.096) and organizational factors (p = 0.161) were found to have no significant impact on the decision-making process. These results suggest that patients’ decisions are primarily shaped by internal motivations and sociocultural environments rather than institutional or organizational elements. Thus, it is essential for healthcare providers to focus on understanding community needs, cultural practices, and patient expectations to ensure that the services offered are both relevant and acceptable. By integrating cultural sensitivity and consumer-oriented strategies, homecare services can become more effective, trusted, and widely utilized within the community.

The Ciomas Golok is one of Banten’s intangible cultural heritage items, carrying profound historical, philosophical, and social meaning. More than a traditional weapon, it represents identity, honor, and the spirit of resistance against colonial rule. This study explores the origins and genealogy of the Ciomas Golok, analyzes the philosophy of “grip strength” encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions, and explains its role as a symbol of honor within Banten society. The research also examines its transformation in the modern era and compares it with other traditional weapons in the Nusantara and abroad. A qualitative method with a cultural ethnographic framework was applied. The research took place in Ciomas District, Serang Regency, as well as in museums, traditional markets, and cultural festivals. Data collection involved participant observation, in-depth interviews with blacksmith masters, community leaders, cultural figures, and youth, supported by literature documentation. Data analysis employed semiotics and symbolic anthropology, with validity maintained through triangulation of sources, methods, and theories. Findings show that the Ciomas Golok dates back to the Banten Sultanate era, evolving from an agricultural tool and weapon of resistance into a cultural artifact and creative economic commodity. The philosophy of “grip strength” highlights holistic values the golok as a symbol of honor, responsibility, and solidarity. Its continuing presence underscores the urgency of preservation. The study concludes that safeguarding the Ciomas Golok requires collaboration among blacksmiths, local communities, government, and academics to ensure its ongoing relevance as both a cultural emblem and an expression of Indonesian national identity.

This study aims to describe the use of local proverbs as a strategy for learning Indonesian in elementary school children. This type of research is qualitative in this study there are types and approaches to research, place and time of research, data and data sources, research procedures, data collection techniques, research instruments, data analysis techniques and definitions of terms. Data Collection Techniques Observation/observation of activities is carried out by researchers by directly observing the learning process carried out by teachers and students using observation sheets. Research interviews use interviews with teachers and students to use interview guidelines that have been prepared by research related to the use of local proverbs in schools. Documentation of this study uses documentation techniques in collecting data. This technique aims for researchers to obtain documents in the form of a list of local proverbs, several uses of local proverbs and photos of the learning process. Data Analysis Techniques Data analysis techniques aim to analyze data that has been collected in research. After data from the field has been collected and arranged systematically, the next step is for the author to analyze the data. The results of the study on the use of local proverbs in learning Indonesian are shown in the aspects of language, culture, character and cognitive. The Language aspect is found in student activities in listening skills, namely listening to stories containing the proverb Reso temmamgingngi. The Cultural Aspect is found in the existence of learning activities in the use of local proverbs as a preservation of culture, especially in South Sulawesi. The Cognitive Aspect is found in student understanding related to the knowledge or meaning of each local proverb used. The Character Aspect is found in the activity of instilling character values ​​in local proverbs.

In the Candi Village community, there is still a phenomenon of a lack of awareness in understanding, exploring, and experiencing the historical values contained in Gedong Songo Temple. This condition has implications for the less than optimal use of historical sites as educational facilities and media for forming local cultural identity. Efforts to increase historical awareness are considered more effective if instilled from an early age through a contextual and applied educational approach. This study focused on students of SDN Candi 03, most of whom come from four hamlets around the area, namely Talun, Nglarangan, Ngipik, and Ndarum. The community service program designed aims to provide solutions to the partner's priority problem, namely low historical awareness among students, through the application of educational tourism and Project Based Learning (PjBL) methods. Educational tourism is positioned as a learning strategy that integrates recreational and educational aspects, allowing students to gain firsthand experience in interpreting historical sites. Meanwhile, PjBL is oriented towards project-based activities that encourage active student involvement in exploring real-world problems and producing creative products or solutions. The program is divided into three main stages: preparation, activity implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The results of these activities are expected to increase students' knowledge, awareness, and concern for local cultural heritage, while fostering a sense of responsibility in preserving Gedong Songo Temple. Thus, educational tourism and PjBL-based education can be a relevant alternative model for fostering historical awareness among the younger generation in areas surrounding historical sites.

This research was conducted on fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 01 Karang with the aim of analyzing the effect of the implementation of the Javanese culture-based Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students' communication skills in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research subjects were 25 students, consisting of 12 male students and 13 female students. This type of research is quantitative with a One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. The research procedure began with the administration of a pre-research questionnaire to determine the level of instrument validity, and the results of the validity test showed that there were 10 questionnaire items that met the valid criteria for use in data collection. Data analysis was carried out through a normality test using the One-Sample Shapiro-Wilk formula and a hypothesis test using the Paired Sample T-Test formula. The results of the analysis showed a significance value <0.000 with a probability <0.05, so it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is proven, namely there is a significant effect of the implementation of the Javanese culture-based PjBL model on improving the communication skills of fourth-grade students. These findings confirm that project-based learning linked to local cultural contexts not only improves communication skills but also helps students better understand and appreciate their local cultural values. Thus, cultural integration in the PjBL model is an effective strategy for improving the quality of learning, both academically and strengthening students' cultural identities.

Pacu Jalur is a traditional longboat race of the Malay community in Kuantan Singingi, Riau, which has served as a symbol of local cultural identity since the 17th century. In the last three years, this tradition has gone viral on TikTok, reaching millions of international viewers through hashtags such as #pacujalur and #indonesianboatracing. This study aims to analyze the role of Pacu Jalur’s virality as an instrument of Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy in the digital era. The method used is literature study with a thematic analysis approach, combining theories of soft power, digital cultural diplomacy, and cultural identity. The results show that Pacu Jalur’s virality expands cultural exposure to global audiences and strengthens local identity, while simultaneously highlighting the collective values of solidarity, teamwork, and aesthetic traditions embedded in the longboat race. At the same time, this phenomenon raises potential risks of cultural distortion due to commercialization, over-simplification of meaning, and the dominance of digital content logic that prioritizes visual appeal and entertainment value over historical and spiritual dimensions. These findings underscore the dual nature of viral cultural content: as both an opportunity for cultural diplomacy and a challenge for authenticity preservation. Therefore, this research highlights the importance of digital literacy, strategic collaboration between cultural stakeholders, and adaptive policy frameworks to ensure that the viral presence of Pacu Jalur on global digital platforms reflects authentic cultural values and serves as a sustainable instrument of Indonesia’s soft power in the contemporary international arena.

The purpose of this article is to explain the values ​​of Islamic religious education contained in the Ari Ana Mahun tradition in the people of Negeri Kilkoda, Gorom Island District, East Seram Regency. A unique tradition called Ari Ana Mahun or children's maulid is found in Negeri Kilkoda, Gorom Islands, East Seram Regency. Different from the usual commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday, this tradition is carried out 15 days before the month of Ramadan as a form of respect for children or family members who have died. The community believes that prayers and prepared food will make the spirits happy, as well as being a medium for maintaining Islamic cultural heritage. This tradition is carried out once a year and is passed down from generation to generation. In addition to being a form of respect, Ari Ana Mahun is a means of education for the community to preserve Islamic traditions and strengthen religious values. These values ​​are instilled from generation to generation so that the community maintains their cultural and spiritual identity. This paper aims to describe the values ​​of Islamic education contained in it. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that this tradition involves determining the date, preparing traditional food, visiting graves, decorating the containers, reciting prayers together, giving alms to children, and planting a raung (a symbol of Islam) at the graves. The Islamic educational values ​​contained include monotheism, worship, morals, silaturahmi (silaturahmi), instilling religious values ​​from an early age, and preserving Islamic culture.

Film and television play a central role in shaping and representing the cultural identity of society. Through artistic expertise manifested by directors, screenwriters, actors, cinematographers, and producers, cultural construction is presented not only as entertainment but also as a social discourse that reflects values, traditions, and the dynamics of collective identity. This study aims to analyze how artistic expertise contributes to constructing cultural identity representation through film and television mediums in Indonesia. The research methodology used is qualitative, employing content analysis and semiotics approaches on selected Indonesian films and TV series that highlight cultural aspects, such as Losmen Bu Broto and Gadis Kretek. These works were chosen because they feature rich local culture while reflecting the role of culture in the dynamics of Indonesian society. The findings indicate that artistic expertise plays a crucial role in constructing cultural representation, both through narrative, visual elements, music, and actors' performances. The representations produced not only affirm local and national identities but also reflect the process of cultural negotiation with global influences. This study underscores that film and television serve as strategic media for cultural diplomacy and the formation of collective identity awareness in Indonesian society. Through this process, these mediums contribute to the preservation of local culture amidst global cultural flows. The research highlights the importance of film and television as tools for maintaining and constructing cultural identity, where local traditions and values are both preserved and adapted to the changing global landscape.   

Coastal areas are vital for ecosystems, social, and economic systems, yet they face challenges like erosion, land-use conversion, and weak community-based management. Serdang Bedagai Regency, located in North Sumatra, has significant ecological and socio-cultural potential, but this potential has not been sustainably managed. This study analyzes strategies for sustainable coastal land management by integrating local wisdom and village government roles. A mixed-method approach was used, including in-depth interviews, field observations, and surveys with 30 respondents from two coastal villages. The qualitative findings reveal that traditional practices, such as prohibiting mangrove cutting and communal conservation traditions, are still alive in the community. The village government plays a crucial role in strengthening institutions through village regulations (Perdes), environmental programs, and spatial monitoring. However, there is a gap between community understanding of ecological values and the implementation of regulations. Quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression shows that both local wisdom and the village government's role significantly influence sustainable coastal land management, with coefficients of 0.491 and 0.426, respectively (p < 0.05). Despite some heteroskedasticity, the model passed tests for multicollinearity and normality. These findings highlight the importance of combining traditional values with institutional support to balance coastal resource utilization and conservation. This study contributes to the development of a socio-ecological coastal governance model and offers practical recommendations for village governments, policymakers, and academics in creating participatory and sustainable coastal preservation programs.