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The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a national priority policy under the Prabowo–Gibran administration aimed at improving students’ well-being and learning quality through school-based nutrition interventions. However, its effectiveness largely depends on the collaborative strength between teacher groups as field implementers and the government as policy makers. This study aims to analyze the collaborative synergy between teachers and the government in implementing MBG and to develop a conceptual model of school-based partnership. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, reviewing national and international articles published between 2018 and 2024 using keywords “free nutritious meals”, “school feeding program”, “government collaboration”, and “primary school teachers”. Thematic analysis was conducted by categorizing findings into four main themes: the role of government, the role of teachers, collaborative implementation, and impact on students. The results show that the success of MBG depends on policy transparency, teacher training, and cross-sector coordination responsive to local conditions. This article contributes to constructing a conceptual collaborative model that positions teachers as policy mediators and social change agents in schools. The findings strengthen the concepts of collaborative governance and empowerment education within the context of educational nutrition policy in Indonesia.

This study aims to (1) identify and describe the forms of rhetorical strategies used by students in language and literature learning, and (2) analyze the reflection and implementation of elements of Makassar cultural traditions in these rhetorical strategies. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation of the learning process and in-depth interviews with students as research subjects. The data obtained are analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that students apply several main rhetorical strategies, such as the use of metaphors, similes, symbolic expressions, and local idioms that represent the values ​​of siri' na pacce, namely the concepts of self-esteem, solidarity, and empathy in Makassar culture. These culture-based rhetorical strategies are proven to be able to increase the effectiveness of academic communication, enrich language expression, and strengthen students' awareness and understanding of local cultural identity in the context of language and literature learning in higher education.

This study is grounded in the issue of low student discipline and learning motivation in elementary schools, which requires teachers to apply more effective and context-based instructional strategies. The purpose of this research is to describe how teachers utilize social learning theory to enhance students’ discipline and motivation, as well as to analyze the impact of these strategies on classroom behavior and student engagement. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The findings show that teacher strategies integrating modeling, positive reinforcement, and collaborative learning successfully create a more conducive learning environment. The use of teacher and peer role models was found to increase compliance with classroom rules, while the provision of positive feedback encouraged students to participate more enthusiastically in learning activities. Moreover, socially interactive learning helped students develop confidence and active engagement. The implications of this study affirm that social learning theory can serve as a strong foundation for teachers to design strategies that promote positive behavior and intrinsic motivation, making it highly relevant for integration into daily classroom practice.

Family management plays a pivotal role in establishing equilibrium between emotional dynamics and communication among family members. The family environment constitutes the primary context in which children learn to interact, communicate, and develop their character. Parental communication patterns, along with their capacity for emotional regulation, serve as critical determinants of a supportive home atmosphere conducive to children’s developmental and educational outcomes. This study aims to examine the influence of communication management and emotional management within the family on the development of children’s emotional intelligence and their overall academic success. This research employs a literature review approach by critically analyzing various sources, including scholarly journals, books, and relevant empirical studies. The findings indicate that effective communication management characterized by openness, empathy, and mutual respect strengthens parent child emotional bonds, enhances learning motivation, and improves academic achievement. Furthermore, sound emotional management enables parents to regulate stress and model appropriate self-control, thereby fostering a harmonious and productive learning environment within the household.

This study aims to analyze the management of educational facilities and infrastructure planning at Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Subang and its contribution to learning effectiveness. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving 19 participants, including the boarding school leader, teachers, students, and facilities managers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of facilities management and their impact on the learning process. The findings indicate that the needs analysis for facilities is not yet systematic and largely relies on informal reports. Facilities procurement is carried out gradually based on priority needs and available financial resources. Several facilities are underutilized due to the absence of standard operational procedures and limited supervision. The study also shows that the quality of facilities has a direct influence on learning effectiveness by enhancing classroom comfort and supporting instructional methods. It is concluded that structured and data-driven facilities planning is essential for improving the quality of learning in Islamic boarding schools.

This study was motivated by the important role of the school community in supporting the successful implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile as part of the Merdeka Curriculum. The purpose of this study was to analyze how principals, teachers, students, parents, and school committees contribute to the development of the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies conducted at a secondary school during the period from August to October 2025. The results showed that the development of all dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile was greatly influenced by the quality of collaboration within the school community. The principal plays a role in strengthening school policies and culture, teachers become facilitators in project-based learning, students take an active role as drivers of collaborative activities, while parents and committees provide moral support and program facilities. These findings imply that the success of strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile does not only depend on the curriculum structure, but also on the synergy of the school ecosystem that is created in a sustainable manner.

This study was conducted to review the quality of test items in Business Economics and General Administration subjects using a classical analysis approach. The assessment process included examining validity, reliability, difficulty level, the ability of questions to differentiate student abilities, and the accuracy of distractors. The research approach used was descriptive quantitative, with 32 students from grades XI and XII majoring in Accounting as subjects and 50 multiple-choice questions as instruments. The main focus of this study was to ensure that the evaluation tools used were truly capable of describing students' competency achievements. Data analysis was conducted through observation results and student responses on Google Forms, which were then processed using the Anates Version 4.0 application. The results of the analysis showed that most of the questions had high validity and reliability, good discrimination power, and a moderate level of difficulty. However, the overall quality of the distractors was not good enough, and there were no questions in the difficult category. Overall, the quality of the questions in this subject can be categorized as good and suitable for evaluating the learning of vocational high school students in grades XI and XII.

The learning process that engages students greatly influences their interest in learning. The integration of technology in education can enhance students’ interest and motivation to learn, and technological advancements provide significant support in delivering education on Islamic religious knowledge. Various social media platforms can serve as learning resources. With technological assistance, it becomes easier to spread religious knowledge in innovative and creative ways. This technology can also capture students’ attention, as it enables the creation of animated videos to enhance students’ comprehension of religious knowledge. An example of such a platform that can serve as an educational resource is YouTube Kabi. YouTube Kabi is an interactive medium that offers engaging audio-visual content with animations that capture students’ interest. The delivery of Sirah Nabawiyah material can be accomplished easily because this application can be accessed on laptops or smartphones. The purpose of this study is to examine the utilization of YouTube Kabi in teaching Sirah Nabawiyah material. The method employed in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. This research is field-based, and the data collection process involves observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study demonstrate that YouTube Kabi serves as an example of an Islamic educational resource that can enhance students’ motivation to learn, especially in learning Sirah Nabawiyah material, because during the learning process, students demonstrate enthusiasm and engagement.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

Education in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges in transforming its curriculum to meet 21st-century competency demands, especially with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes flexibility, contextual learning, and a student-centered approach. This study aims to analyze teachers’ roles in implementing student-centered learning, identify the challenges they encounter, and examine strategies used to address these obstacles. Using a qualitative library research method, the study reviews primary and secondary literature related to student-centered learning theory, learning experiences, authentic assessment, and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Findings show that teachers serve as the central factor in ensuring the success of active and student-centered learning. Those who are adaptive and innovative are able to design meaningful learning experiences even when confronted with limited facilities, diverse student needs, and classroom management constraints. Nevertheless, many teachers still struggle with differentiated instruction, authentic assessment, and the flexible learning management required by the Merdeka Curriculum. This study underscores the need to improve teachers’ pedagogical competence, provide sufficient learning resources, and develop responsive educational policies to strengthen the overall implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in schools.

Vaping is when you inhale a mist through a power based device, filled with flavourings, chemicals, and nicotine (Texas Health and Human Services, nd). Teenagers tend to vape due to external influences such as advertisements and social interactions, which has a significant contribution in the role of gaining societal acceptance of vaping amongst teenagers (CDC, nd). However its use in teenagers is illegal as per the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 109 2012, which restricts individuals below 18 years old from vaping. A study conducted in 2018 has reported that teenagers have started vaping from 2017. Despite rules and regulations, teenagers are still able to access it which makes the law enforcement ineffective that leads to teenagers being able to have access to vapes. This research will investigate the influence of social media and peer pressure on underage vaping, focusing on how contents on social media, their peers along with social interactions shape the perspective and behaviour of a teenager towards vaping. This following topic is important as social media plays a significant role in the normalisation of vaping despite harmful effects. It aims to recognize how social media and interactions among fellow peers influence a teenager. With the use of qualitative and quantitative methods such as surveys and interviews, it will also apply theories from 3 thinkers to have a better understanding of a teenager’s decision.

Thousands of metric tonnes of garbage remain unmanaged, and despite available solutions, many people are still reluctant to participate in proper waste disposal. This study aimed to identify the reasons behind the unwillingness of different age groups in Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali to separate their garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. This qualitative research used surveys and interviews for data collection. The survey involved three age groups: adolescents (10–19) with 15 respondents, young adults (20–39) with 15 respondents, and middle adults (40–60) with 11 respondents. Interviews were conducted with two environmental experts, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that reluctance across age groups stemmed mainly from limited awareness of the environmental benefits of waste separation and the negative impacts of improper disposal. Adolescents additionally cited the lack of strict policies and penalties. Young and middle adults shared similar reasons, mostly linked to insufficient knowledge and low motivation. Environmental experts emphasized the importance of improving public awareness of waste management practices and enhancing waste management infrastructure through additional facilities and better-quality services. Overall, this study highlights the need for stronger policies, improved infrastructure, and increased public education to boost community participation in waste separation in Kuta Selatan.

Attention span and cognitive focus in young minds these days are increasingly structured by the growing influence of digital distractions. Drawing from the ideas of Foucault and Nietzsche, this paper examines how technology molds behavior and, at the same time, is used as a tool of control through power relations. This digitally fosters a form of nihilism, the sense life has no purpose. By using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines the surveying and in-depth interviewing of students and instructors about how technology influences attention, learning, and academic performance. Results indicate that while technology brings many benefits, it also provides significant challenges-most notably via social media and smartphone distractions. These distractions reduce attention spans, decrease deep learning, and contribute to cognitive overload. This study therefore calls for the integration of technology into education in a balanced way, highlighting digital literacy, mindful use, and distraction-reduction strategies. In the process, self-awareness, self-regulation, and responsible use will allow people to use its benefits rather than fall into disengagement and cynicism. Technology should serve as a tool for learning and growth-not a barrier to focus and intellectual development.

Hypertension is a chronic condition that requires long-term management due to its strong association with an increased risk of serious complications when blood pressure is not adequately controlled. One of the key factors influencing the success of hypertension management is patient adherence to antihypertensive medication. However, suboptimal adherence remains a common problem and may lead to poor therapeutic outcomes. This literature review aimed to examine the relationship between adherence to antihypertensive medication and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with relevant keywords combined through Boolean operators. The selected articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, including original research articles published within the last ten years, accessible in full text, and addressing the association between medication adherence and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The findings of the reviewed studies indicate that most articles reported a significant relationship between medication adherence and blood pressure levels. Patients with higher adherence to antihypertensive therapy tended to achieve better blood pressure control compared to those with lower adherence. Although variations in the strength of the reported associations were observed across studies, the overall direction of the relationship was consistent. These results suggest that adherence to antihypertensive medication plays an essential role in achieving optimal blood pressure control. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of continuous efforts to improve patient adherence as part of effective hypertension management strategies aimed at reducing the risk of long-term complications.

Decoction is a traditional extraction method rooted in ethnobotany; however, meeting quality standards in modern pharmaceutical research remains a major challenge. This study aims to map global research trends regarding phenolic and flavonoid compounds in decoctions over the 2015–2025 period through bibliometric analysis. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software, employing the fractional counting method to ensure a more proportional weighting of keyword relationships. The results indicate a fluctuating trend that significantly increased toward the end of the period, peaking at 78 documents in 2025, with India and China emerging as the primary contributors. Network visualization and research density analysis reveal that the global research focus remains centered on antioxidant capacity (DPPH, TPC, and TFC), while decoction itself occupies a supporting position within the research map. This study concludes that decoction has not yet become a central focus in modern pharmaceutical research but serves primarily as a vehicle for presenting active compounds. There remains a significant gap between traditional decoction use and the application of advanced analytical technologies such as HPLC and antibacterial testing, representing a substantial opportunity for future research to validate the safety and efficacy of decoctions more scientifically and through standardized approaches.

Health issues related to free radicals remain a serious concern in Indonesia as they can trigger oxidative stress and degenerative diseases. Red ginger (Alpinia purpurata) is a rhizome plant with potential as a source of natural antioxidants due to its secondary metabolite content; however, its effectiveness is highly influenced by extraction techniques. Although numerous experimental studies have been conducted, a systematic research mapping on this topic is still lacking. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications regarding the antioxidant potential of red ginger, focusing on extraction techniques and free radical scavenging activity. The research method employs a quantitative analysis using data sourced from the Scopus database for the 2015–2025 period. Through specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 relevant articles were obtained and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software. The results indicate that publication trends have fluctuated, reaching a peak in 2024. Research distribution is dominated by Asian countries, with India, Thailand, and Indonesia as the primary contributors. Network visualization reveals three main clusters focusing on bioactivity, phytochemistry, chemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, and extraction techniques. A research gap was identified for the Alpinia purpurata species compared to Alpinia galanga, as well as opportunities for developing advanced instruments such as LC-MS and other complex analytical techniques. The implications of this study highlight the need for further exploration into 'nanoemulsion' and 'green extraction' to enhance the bioavailability of red ginger's antioxidant compounds in the development of future innovative pharmaceutical products

Curriculum and education is an inseparable relationship because the curriculum is very important in education, if there is no curriculum then education will not be realized because the curriculum is a guideline for the maintenance of education in addition to that the curriculum is always adapted to the existing situation and circumstances. One of the educational institutions that are active in applying K-13 is MA Putri 1 Al-Amien Prenduan, where this institution is under the umbrella of Al-Amien Prenduan Pesantren Pondok. Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan is composed of 4 parent institutions, namely Tarbiyatul Banaat Diniyah Al-Amien (TIBDA), Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Amien (MTsA) accredited status in 2005, Madrasah Aliyah Al-Amien (MAA) accredited status in 2004, Madrasah Aliyah Skills (MAK), and the Middle School of Information Technology (SMK IT) established in 2008. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. As for the data collection technique in this research, it is using methods of interview, observation and documentation. The interview method used is a structured interview to extract detailed data from the source. From the findings in the field obtained based on the results of interviews, documentation, and observations can be concluded into several points: 1) the K13 learning plan in improving student performance performed by the teacher is by first mapping the KD by establishing the theme that is in the teacher's book. 2) K13 learning process in improving student learning performance more emphasizes cognitive aspects with emotional, and psychomotor support. 3) Authentically evaluate in K13 learning to improve this student’s learning performance using various techniques and starting instruments

This research aims to critically examine the ethical integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education through the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, emphasizing the alignment between technological innovation and Islamic moral principles. The methods used are a systematic literature review and thematic content analysis against peer-reviewed publications for the period 2015–2025, which discuss the application of AI in primary, secondary, and higher education. The study identified dominant ethical issues, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, accountability, human agency, and moral development, which were then mapped to Islamic ethical goals, including ʿadl (justice), amānah (belief), karāmah al-insān (human dignity), and ḥifẓ al-ʿaql (protection of reason). The results of the analysis show that the adoption of AI in education often emphasizes efficiency, personalization, and predictive analytics, but has the potential to reduce learners' autonomy and ethical reasoning. The mapping of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah shows a strong normative conformity, so that Islamic principles can be a moral foundation as well as a practical guide for AI governance. The research contribution is theoretical by bridging the literature on AI ethics and Islamic educational philosophy, as well as practical by offering an integrative framework for AI policymakers, educators, and developers. The integration of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in AI governance ensures justice, trust, inclusivity, and the development of the whole human being (insān kāmil).

Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) program is a national policy designed to improve the nutritional quality of children and support human resource development. However, its implementation at the regional level still faces various institutional and coordination issues. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meals program in Jambi City, focusing on the dynamics of program implementation and the inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with policy implementers and  documentation with informants determined through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Merilee S. Grindlee policy implementation theory through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the MBG program in Jambi City has not been running optimally. This condition is characterized by the strong dominance of the central government in the decision making process, weak coordination between actors at the regional level, and inadequate readiness of supporting institutions, especially in aspects of human resources, monitoring system, and clarity of operational standards for implementation.

Public street lighting (PJU) is an important infrastructure in supporting the safety and comfort of road users. The provision of PJU is the responsibility of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency, which must be carried out in accordance with Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 47 of 2023 concerning Street Lighting Equipment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency in providing PJU in the Kadudampit District. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the provision of PJU in Kadudampit Subdistrict is not yet fully effective, as indicated by the existence of PJU that is not functioning optimally and uneven distribution. The main obstacles faced include budget and maintenance limitations. Nevertheless, the implementation of street lighting provision has been in accordance with the provisions of Permenhub No. 47 of 2023. Therefore, improved planning and supervision are needed to increase the effectiveness of street lighting provision.