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This study aims to analyze the implementation of contextual learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to build student character. The method used is library research with a qualitative approach, analyzing various literature related to contextual learning and character building within the context of PAI. The findings show that contextual learning positively impacts students' awareness of the importance of Islamic values applied in daily life. Through this approach, students are able to connect theory with practice, strengthen their moral and social attitudes, and build character in accordance with Islamic teachings. The implementation of contextual learning also encourages students to become more active, reflective, and responsible in living a religious life. This research contributes to the development of more relevant and experience-based religious education.

The use of audiovisual media is one of the successes of learning, including student learning motivation. This study aims to determine the positive and significant effect of the Use of Audiovisual Media on the Learning Motivation of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Balige in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Quantitative method, the Research Population was all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Balige totaling 216 people and the sample was taken 15% of the total population of 216 people so that the sample of this study was 32 people. Using regression analysis techniques. Proven through the following data analysis: 1) Influence test: Regression equation test Ŷ = 0.292 + 33.506X. b) The significant influence test obtained the value of tcount> ttable = 1.8019> 2.024, then Ha is accepted Ho is rejected. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the use of audiovisual media on student learning motivation can increase. This can be seen from the average value of 3. Thus, the researcher concluded that there is learning motivation for Christian Religious Education students in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

Jesus Christ as a role model for PAK teachers so that the role and competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers. Jesus, as the Great Teacher, provides a learning model centered on love, patience, wisdom, and real-life examples. By understanding and applying the principles of Jesus' leadership and teaching, PAK teachers can be more effective in guiding students, both in spiritual and moral aspects. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature study of theological literature, Christian education, and analysis of Jesus' teachings and actions in the Bible. The results showed that the example of Jesus has a significant impact in shaping the character of PAK teachers, especially in the aspects of integrity, servant leadership, and the ability to educate with love and wisdom. The conclusion of this study confirms that PAK teachers who imitate Jesus can be agents of transformation in the world of education, forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has a strong Christian character.

The expository learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) remains relevant as a classical Islamic scholarly heritage but requires creative transformation to address digital-age challenges. This article examines the implementation of expository strategies through literature study, analyzing philosophical foundations, effectiveness, contemporary challenges, and innovation models. The research reveals that expository strategies are effective for normative PAI materials but face complex challenges including shifting cognitive patterns of digital natives, decentralization of knowledge authority, and technological disparities. Various innovative models (interactive, contextual, multimedia, reflective) offer solutions by integrating traditional expository strengths with modern approaches. The study concludes that successful implementation requires paradigmatic reconstruction through "pedagogical ijtihad" balancing Islamic scholarly authenticity with 21st-century learning needs. PAI teachers must master three core competencies: depth of religious knowledge, pedagogical sophistication, and technological literacy. 

Learning problems in schools are often caused by uninteresting methods and media, which reduce students’ interest and learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of using flashcard learning media on students' learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) for fourth-grade students at SD Al-Madina Wonosobo. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group. The sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class used flashcards, while the control class applied the lecture method. Data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using t-tests and gain tests. The results showed a significant difference in learning outcomes between the two classes, with higher posttest scores and gain values in the experimental class. The use of flashcards effectively enhanced students' understanding of the material, especially memorization topics such as Asmaul Husna, and created a more engaging and interactive learning atmosphere. The implications of this research suggest that visual learning media such as flashcards can be an effective strategy to improve students' learning achievement and motivation in IRE classes, while also encouraging teachers to be more innovative in applying suitable learning media.

This research discusses how the integration of Islamic values and learning innovation can be applied in Islamic Religious Education in higher education, especially at the Indonesian Education University. The background of this research is the challenges of globalization and technological developments that require Islamic education to continue to innovate without ignoring the principles of sharia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving lecturers, students, and religious leaders as informants. The results showed that the integration of Islamic values in Islamic education is done through the Islamization of science approach, the use of technology in learning, and the creation of a religious academic environment. In addition, innovations such as Problem-Based Learning and Experiential Learning methods proved to be able to increase students' interest and understanding of Islamic teachings. In conclusion, collaboration between academics, students, and religious leaders is very important in creating Islamic Religion Education learning that is relevant, interesting, and still in accordance with Sharia law. This research is expected to provide an overview and strategic recommendations for the development of Islamic education in the modern

Christian religious education plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and morals. Christian religious teachers are responsible for teaching God's Word with objectivity, without discrimination based on students' social, cultural, economic, ethnic backgrounds, or academic abilities. However, in practice, discrimination can still occur in various forms, both consciously and unconsciously. This study aims to analyze the competencies of Christian religious teachers in teaching God's Word objectively and to identify possible forms of discrimination in the learning process. Using a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this research examines religious education policies and teachers' experiences in the teaching process. The findings indicate that teachers with a deep understanding of theology, a neutral attitude in interpretation, discussion-based teaching methods, and high ethics and professionalism are better able to create an inclusive learning environment. To prevent discrimination, awareness and commitment from educators are needed so that the values of love and justice in Christian teachings can be realized in the learning process.

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi ajaran Buddha dalam pengembangan budi pekerti di kalangan siswa beragama Buddha di sekolah-sekolah menengah di Jawa Tengah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran melalui survei (n=135) dan wawancara (n=12), penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Buddha diintegrasikan ke dalam pendidikan formal untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai etika dan karakter moral pada siswa Buddha. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sekolah yang menerapkan program pendidikan karakter berbasis ajaran Buddha secara terstruktur menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam perilaku etis siswa, perhatian penuh (mindfulness), dan tanggung jawab sosial dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional. Strategi yang paling efektif meliputi praktik meditasi harian, integrasi etika Buddha ke dalam kurikulum reguler, proyek pembelajaran layanan, dan resolusi konflik secara mindful. Penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan bagaimana ajaran Buddha dapat diadaptasi secara efektif untuk lingkungan pendidikan kontemporer sambil mengatasi tantangan remaja modern. Studi ini memberikan kerangka kerja untuk mengembangkan program pendidikan karakter yang berakar pada kebijaksanaan Buddha yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan saat ini.

The era of globalization brings great challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the character of the younger generation. Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning has a very important role in facing these challenges, especially in strengthening students' character. This study aims to analyze the role of PAK learning in building students' character amidst the flow of globalization. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through data collection from interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of the study show that PAK learning not only teaches religious values, but also provides a solid moral foundation for students in facing the negative effects of globalization. PAK plays a role in shaping students' attitudes of discipline, responsibility, tolerance, and integrity, which are very important in facing the changing times. Therefore, Christian religious education is one of the important means in strengthening students' character so that they are able to adapt well in the challenging era of globalization.

This article examines the study of feminism and Christianity. Feminist studies in religion try to reveal the reality of oppression and discrimination and fight for the liberation of women. This research aims to analyze feminist studies in religion. This research method uses a library research approach to explore the study of feminism and religion. The results of this study, namely; first, doctrines and traditions in Christianity have interventions in the practice of injustice against women. Second, feminist studies in religion try to fight for a liberation agenda for women by offering a feminist approach in interpreting Scripture. Third, the struggle of feminism in religion is still trapped in the categories of race and class. This paper proposes an idea of women's solidarity and cross-border struggle. All women unite and are open to accepting differences in order to realize the liberation agenda. The struggle must cross the boundaries of group, community, class and race.

Instilling the morality of respect through Islamic Religious Education PAI is an effort to accustom students to respecting others. Instilling this morality of respect aims for students to respect not only teachers or parents, but also friends, the environment, and social values ​​that exist around students. SMA Negeri 2 Nuhon is a place of service. The form of activity is instilling the morality of respect through student participation in PAI learning which goes through the following steps, namely, surveys and coordination with partner schools, developing strategies, and implementing strategies. The results of the service show that most students have implemented the morality of respecting friends and the environment. This instillation needs to be carried out continuously so that it becomes a culture in schools.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ​​such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ​​in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education Teachers in shaping the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children, as one of the efforts to welcome the Golden Indonesia 2045. The Alpha Generation that grows up in technological developments and global challenges requires high emotional intelligence to be able to adapt well in the future. using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, which collects theories and information from academically accountable sources such as books, journals, the Bible, and online media. The researcher selected relevant literature materials to discuss the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in shaping the emotional quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children. The main purpose of this study is to explore how PAK teachers can play a role in shaping children's EQ through a learning approach based on Christian religious values, as well as to find out the strategies and methods used in teaching to improve children's emotional intelligence. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of character education, especially in the context of Christian religious education, to support the achievement of the Golden Indonesia 2045 by producing a generation that is emotionally, socially, and spiritually intelligent.

This study aims to analyze the extent to which the attendance of students at the Virya Dharma Buddhist Sunday School contributes to an increase in their understanding of Buddhist teachings through the practice of puja facilities. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and supported by statistical attendance data, this study involved 15 students aged 1–17 years as respondents. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities. The results showed that students with high attendance rates tended to have a better understanding of the basic Buddhist values of puja facilities. Regular attendance also strengthened students' spiritual experiences through active involvement in puja, which encouraged the appreciation and application of Buddhist teachings in daily life. Thus, student attendance in Sunday school activities is not merely administrative, but becomes an important element in the formation of Buddhist character and spirituality from an early age.

This study examines the social and religious roles of a Manggalīa within the Buddhist community, with a case study in Dusun Ngadisari, Tempuran Village, Kaloran District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java. The Manggalīa is a local religious figure who serves as both an elder and leader of the community in various religious rituals such as weddings, funerals, patidāna, and traditional ceremonies including gendurenan, nyadran kubur, and village selametan. In Buddhist communities without a pandita, the Manggalīa plays a central role as a spiritual guide and preserver of local traditions. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation methods. The selection of a Manggalīa is conducted through communal deliberation, based on spiritual and ritual competence, particularly in the aspects of sīla, samādhi, and paññā. The findings show that the Manggalīa in Dusun Ngadisari fulfills his role with great dedication, both in guiding the community's spiritual life and participating in social matters such as conflict mediation, community empowerment, and maintaining social harmony among villagers.

This research aims to improve students' learning outcomes on biodiversity materials by applying inquiry learning strategies in class X-A SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This research was carried out in two cycles, each with three meetings. In the first cycle, the student's learning outcomes showed classical completeness only reached 50%, with an average score of 75.6. This is due to students' lack of active participation in passive learning. Based on the reflection results, improvements were made in the second cycle by emphasizing increasing students' activeness in asking, answering, and discussing. The results in the second cycle showed a significant improvement, with an average score of 86.6 and classical completeness reaching 90%. This improvement shows that inquiry learning strategies effectively improve student learning outcomes. Although two students had not achieved completeness, the remedial provided succeeded in helping them achieve results on par with other students. This research proves that inquiry-based learning can increase students' involvement in learning and improve their learning outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that inquiry learning strategies be applied more widely in other classes to improve the quality of education.  

In the midst of the digital era filled with various information, the ability to sort and understand accurate information is very necessary so that students can better understand Islamic teachings. The service of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning assistance by improving students' critical thinking skills aims to explore effective learning methods in PAI subjects in order to improve the critical thinking skills of grade XI students at SMK Hayatul Islam. This study applies the assistance method, which includes the stages of observation and coordination, implementation, and evaluation and reflection. Based on the results of the service, it shows that the use of discussion-based methods, problem solving, and analysis of religious texts helps hone students' critical thinking skills. They become more active in conveying ideas and are able to connect religious concepts with everyday life. However, there are several obstacles found, such as students' difficulty in constructing logical arguments and time constraints in the learning process. Therefore, more intensive assistance from teachers and the application of more varied methods are needed so that PAI learning is more effective in developing students' critical thinking patterns.

There is a decline in student morality and the intention of student independence in carrying out worship. Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers are very important in directing moral understanding and producing independence in worship. This study explores PAK teachers’ roles in facing moral challenges in the digital era. With a qualitative paradigm and a literature review approach, this study describes the roles of PAK teachers in shaping morals and spirituality as a form of interactive and contextual learning. The study results show that PAK teachers’ role is significant in shaping moral awareness and independence of worship. The role of PAK teachers is key to building a generation with a solid moral foundation and can carry out worship according to Christian teachings.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

The purpose of this study explores Christian religious education learning that develops students' potential at SMA Negeri 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency. Theories related to the contribution of Christian Religious Education teachers in developing students' character and potential are important references for analyzing the steps of activities carried out in learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method, which involves data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results of the study indicate that Christian religious education does not only focus on cognitive aspects, but also on developing students' moral and spiritual values. Through learning that is integrated with Christian values, students are taught to apply Christian values ​​in good character and independence. Thus, students are equipped with various skills from their potential so that they have an impact on their lives and the surrounding environment. The conclusion in this study emphasizes that teachers in teaching Christian education are useful in shaping character and developing students' potential, as well as providing recommendations for improving teaching methods to be more effective in achieving educational goals.