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This study investigates the influence of Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and Population Growth Rate (PGR) on Employment Opportunities (EO) across 20 most populous provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2024. Using a quantitative approach and panel data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency, the analysis applies the Fixed Effect Model selected through Chow and Hausman tests. The Outcomes indicate that PMW has a significant negative effect on EO, implying that wage increases without corresponding productivity growth can reduce job absorption. Conversely, LFPR has a significant positive effect, reflecting that a higher labor force engagement boosts employment. PGR has a negative but statistically insignificant effect. The F-test confirms that all three variables jointly influence EO. These results highlight the need to harmonize wage regulations, human capital development (HDI), and population planning to support inclusive and sustainable employment in regions experiencing high demographic pressures.

Trade wars and protectionism have again become major issues in global economic dynamics, especially since trade tensions between the United States and China began in 2018. This research aims to analyze tariff policy as part of a protectionist strategy in the context of the political economy of bilateral trade relations. Using a qualitative approach with case studies and document analysis, data were obtained from policy reports, scientific journals, and trade statistics. The results show that tariff policies are often not purely based on economic considerations, but are also influenced by domestic political interests, industry group pressure, and global negotiation strategies. On the other hand, these policies have a significant impact on the structure of bilateral trade relations, trade volume, and global supply chains. Indonesia as a partner country is also affected, both directly through changes in export-import values, and indirectly through supply and investment disruptions. Policy implications show the importance of developing countries' preparedness in anticipating changes in global trade policies and encouraging the formulation of adaptive and competitive national strategies. This study provides recommendations for policymakers to balance national interests with global dynamics.

This article examines the impact of poverty and unemployment on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the West Java region. Poverty and unemployment are two key factors that play a role in reducing people's quality of life. This research utilizes secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency and other sources to analyze the relationship between poverty levels, unemployment levels and HDI developments in the region. The findings show that increasing poverty and unemployment have a significant negative effect on HDI, which includes health, education and income indicators. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive intervention policies to address the problems of poverty and unemployment in order to improve the quality of life and welfare of people in Indonesia.

This study aimed to (1) Describe Brand Awareness, Brand Characteristic and Purchasing Decisions Of Wardah products, (2) Analyze the influence of Brand Awareness on Wardah product purchasing decisions, (3) Analyze the combined influence of Brand Awareness and Brand Characteristic on Wardah product purchasing decisions. The research design used was associative with a quantitative approach. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, totaling 100 respondents, all of whom were female students using Wardah products at the Faculty of Economics and Business. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression. Hypotheses were tested using the T-tested and F-test. The results of the study indicated that (1) Brand Awareness (X1) had a significant partial influence on purchasing decisions (Y) with T-value of 2.853 >1.97, (2) Brand Characteristics (X2) had a significant partial influence on purchasing decisions (Y), with a T-value of 3.731 > 1,97, and (3) Simultaneously, Brand Awareness (X1) and Brand Characteristics (X2) significantly influenced purchasing decisions (Y), with an F-value of 62.315 > 3.07.  

This research aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on employee work discipline at PT Wira Mas Permai in Banggai Regency. The research employs a quantitative method, with data processed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS 21 software. The type of data used in this research is primary data, which was collected through questionnaires distributed to the employees of PT Wira Mas Permai in Banggai Regency. This research consists of a dependent variable, namely employee work discipline at PT Wira Mas Permai in Banggai Regency, and an independent variable, namely organizational culture. The results indicate that the organizational culture variable has a positive and significant influence on employee work discipline. The regression analysis indicates a positive coefficient of 0.651, which means that every increase in organizational culture will improve employee work discipline. Organizational culture contributes 42% to employee work discipline, while the remaining 58% is influenced by other factors such as leadership, motivation, and the work environment.

The quality of human resources is an important aspect in regional development, which is reflected through the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is influenced by various factors, including the economic conditions and education of the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and Average Length of Schooling (RLS) on HDI in South Kalimantan Province. The data used comes from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) with a coverage of 13 regencies/cities during the period 2018 to 2023. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of R Studio software. The results of the study show that both GRDP per capita and RLS have a significant effect on HDI, both simultaneously and partially. The resulting model has an adjusted R² value of 0.8627, which indicates that 86.27% of the variation in HDI can be explained by these two variables. The classical assumption test including linearity, conditional zero error expectation, absence of multicollinearity, autocorrelation, homoscedasticity, and residual normality shows that the model used has met all the criteria as the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE). Thus, this regression model is valid for use in estimating and making inferences on the factors that influence the HDI in South Kalimantan Province. This finding confirms that increasing education and economic growth are strategic steps in accelerating human development in South Kalimantan.

This study uses a quantitative associative technique to examine how Indonesia's digital economy contributes to economic growth. For the years 2014–2023, secondary data were acquired from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank Indonesia, and the World Bank. The Two-Stage Least Square (TSLS) method and a simultaneous model with two equations were used to analyze the impact of monetary variables (interest rates, money supply, and inflation) and digital economy variables (internet users, e-commerce growth, and e-money users) on economic growth. The findings indicate that while e-commerce expansion and inflation have a negligible negative impact on economic growth, internet and e-money users have a large beneficial impact. In the meanwhile, inflation is significantly impacted positively by the money supply and negatively by interest rates and economic growth. These results highlight how crucial it is to manage monetary factors and improve digital infrastructure in order to promote Indonesia's economic growth in the digital age.

This study aims to identify the academic stress levels and coping mechanisms used by 2024 cohort students of the Statistics Study Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. A descriptive quantitative method was applied, involving questionnaires and interviews. Data were collected from 50 randomly selected respondents. The instrument was tested for validity and reliability, with all items showing item-total correlations > 0.2787 and a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.619, indicating acceptable reliability. The findings revealed high levels of academic stress, particularly in indicators such as feeling overwhelmed by deadlines (mean 3.82; 66%), exam anxiety (3.7; 66%), and lack of rest (3.6; 60%). The most dominant coping strategy was self-soothing (mean 4.44; 90%), followed by junk food consumption (3.5; 60%) and seeking help (3.42; 46%). In contrast, proactive strategies such as creating a to-do list were less commonly used (3.14; 38%). These results highlight the importance of adaptive coping training and psychological support to promote healthier stress management among students.

This study aimed to develop a competency-based performance evaluation model for mathematics teachers at the junior secondary level. Recognizing the crucial role of teacher quality in student achievement, the study focused on measurable aspects of performance, including content mastery, instructional management, and professional commitment. A quantitative approach was employed using a research and development (R&D) framework, supported by a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews, and expert validations through focus group discussions. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and LISREL. The results indicated that the developed model effectively differentiated teacher performance across various school categories, with 45% categorized as good, 53% adequate, and 2% poor. Student achievement was positively correlated, with 82% achieving the minimum competency threshold. The factor analysis confirmed a valid measurement model: F1 = 0.505ZX1 + 0.475ZX2 + 0.308ZX3, explaining 57.92% of the variance in teacher performance. The findings suggest that teacher evaluation must integrate multidimensional competencies and contextual factors to be accurate and actionable. This study contributes a validated, data-driven evaluation framework aligned with national standards and global educational expectations, offering practical implications for policy, supervision, and teacher development.

This study aims to analyze the effect of audit tenure, auditor switching, and audit opinion on audit report lag in energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2020–2023 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from the company's annual report available on the official IDX website and related company websites. The sample used a purposive sampling method, with a total of 208 financial reports from 90 energy sector companies that met the research criteria. The data analysis methods used include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation), and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 25 software. The results of the study reflect that partially, audit tenure, auditor switching and audit opinion have a significant effect on audit report lag. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on audit report lag.

This research aims to examine how the predicted years in school and the unemployment rate influence labor force participation (TPAK) in Aceh Province. Across several cities and communities in Aceh, it employs secondary panel data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS).  Panel regression analysis is done using the Random Effect Model (REM) approach in this study. The results show that TPAK is negatively and substantially affected by the unemployment rate, while the projected years of schooling have no significant statistical impact. TPAK changes are generally only marginally affected by either of these causes. The coefficient of determination reveals that the model explains only 8. 3% of the TPAK swings. Although education and unemployment are components of labor market behavior, other, more important variables are more crucial in influencing labor force participation in Aceh, as these results suggest.

The #KaburAjaDulu phenomenon illustrates a significant increase in the migration of young Indonesian laborers abroad in 2024–2025. This study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the social and economic factors driving migration, including domestic economic instability, low minimum wages, and unfavorable socio-political conditions. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and online surveys, then analyzed thematically and used descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that, in addition to economic factors, narratives of diaspora success and access to international opportunities also accelerate migration decisions. This phenomenon has dual implications: the potential for brain drain along with significant remittance contributions to the national economy. The study emphasizes the need for integrated policies to enhance employment opportunities and improve domestic socio-economic conditions to reduce the rate of young labor migration.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between marketing strategies and customer satisfaction on e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. Effective marketing strategies are essential in facing intense competition in the digital world, especially in enhancing customer satisfaction, which influences loyalty and business sustainability. This research uses a quantitative survey approach involving 100 active users of Shopee and Tokopedia platforms. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between marketing strategies and customer satisfaction, with a correlation value of 0.673 and a contribution of 45.3%. Digital promotions, personalized services, and loyalty programs are key factors in improving customer satisfaction. However, customer service aspects require more attention to support overall satisfaction. This study implies that e-commerce platforms must continuously develop integrated marketing strategies alongside quality service improvements to maintain and enhance customer satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the effects of inflation on household consumption in Indonesia. Thus, the focus on the dynamics of people's spending is based on basic needs and non-smoking. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach enhanced by secondary data from macroeconomic literature and primary data in the form of national statistical reports published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This analysis is carried out based on the concept of Keynes' consumption theory, Friedman's permanent income hypothesis, and Modigliani's life cycle theory. The results show that increasing inflation has a significant impact on lower household consumption. In particular, the low group with moderate sorting shows a large allocation of income for basic needs. Groups with higher incomes through alternative strategies or delayed consumption tend to be more adaptable. These results suggest that price control policies and social security networks are strengthened as an effort to maintain consumption stability in the budget. This summary includes the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions related to explaining the actual conditions and political impacts of the relationship between Indonesian inflation and household consumption.

The implementation of a 32% reciprocal import tariff by the United States in April 2025, targeting Indonesian palm oil, reflects an intensifying global trend of trade protectionism. As one of Indonesia’s top export commodities, palm oil was severely affected by the policy, revealing the structural fragility of the country’s export-dependent economy. The tariff led to immediate disruptions in trade flows, price competitiveness, and employment across the palm oil supply chain. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of the U.S. tariff policy on Indonesia’s palm oil industry and to examine the government’s policy responses in mitigating these effects. The research also seeks to identify strategic lessons for improving trade resilience in the face of unilateral trade measures. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, integrating macroeconomic analysis and international trade theory. It uses secondary data from trade statistics, government reports, and international institutions, combined with conceptual frameworks including global value chain theory, comparative advantage, and trade policy response models. The findings indicate that the tariff caused a 22.5% decline in export value and a 24.9% drop in volume within the first quarter after implementation. Approximately 17,000 workers were affected, and investor confidence weakened due to disruptions in downstream value chains. In response, the Indonesian government launched a five-pillar strategy covering trade diplomacy, market diversification, regulatory reform, fiscal support, and digital service trade bargaining. These findings highlight the urgent need for structural transformation, value-added industrial development, and adaptive trade governance to strengthen Indonesia’s long-term economic resilience.

The study examines the effects of implementing the Creative Problem Solving (cps) instructional model integrated with Wordwall gamification on the mathematical problem solving abilities of eighth-grade Students at MTs. L-Bashriyah. The purpose of this research is to avaluate the impact of  CPS combined with Wordwall on students’ Performance in Two-Variable Linear Equation Systems (SPLDV) compared to conventional methods. This research employs a Quasi-Experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group. Using a quantitave approach. The sample consists of 40 eighth-grade students of MTs. AL-Bashriyah as the experimental group and 32 students of MTs. Nurul Huda as the control group. Selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis utilizes normalized gain scores and descriptive statistics with a 5% significance threshold. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement : the experimental group’s average postest score (81.16) markedly increased from the pretest (33.99). The control group showed moderate growth (66.45 from 32.91). Normalized gain analysis classifies the experimental group’s progress as high and the control group’s as medium. The findings demonstrate that CPS-Wordwall integration significantly enhances mathematical problem-solving skills. Thus, this model presents a viable innovative strategy for SPLDV instruction.

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level, occupation, income and product price on the level of cigarette consumption in Sukolilo District, Surabaya City. The type of research used is quantitative method. The data sources used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to respondents of people who actively smoke in Sukolilo District and secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and related agencies. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS for windows program version 25.0. The population and sample in this study were 81 respondents selected using non probability sampling technique, namely accidental sampling using Isac Michel formula with 10% margin of error. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression, F test, T test, and coefficient of determination (R Square). The results showed that partially education, employment, income and product prices had a positive and significant effect on the level of cigarette consumption and the coefficient of determination was 89.2%. It is hoped that this information can provide benefits to the community in Sukolilo Subdistrict or can be input for local governments and policy makers in efforts to control cigarette consumption.

This study aims to analyze the development, challenges, and opportunities of Ro-Ro ships in the maritime transportation system in Indonesia. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia needs an efficient mode of sea transportation to connect areas between islands. The method used is a mixed approach, with quantitative analysis of shipping statistics and vehicle volume, as well as qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results of the study show that Ro-Ro ships have advantages in loading and unloading efficiency and travel time, especially on congested routes such as Merak-Bakauheni and Ketapang-Gilimanuk. However, there are major challenges in the aspects of port infrastructure, licensing regulations, and digitization of public services. This study recommends investment in port infrastructure, bureaucratic simplification, and the development of strategic routes and digital information systems to support the optimization of Ro-Ro ships as an efficient and sustainable mode of maritime transportation in Indonesia.

Stock return refers to the income received by investors from their investment in a firm, either directly or through a securities firm. The level of stock return is crucial in investment analysis as it serves as a key indicator for investors in evaluating the performance and profit potential of a stock. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and firm size on stock returns in manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 65 companies. Data analysis techniques employed include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, processed using IBM SPSS 25. The findings indicate that profitability has a significant positive effect on stock return, liquidity has a significant positive effect, leverage has a significant negative effect, and firm size also has a significant positive effect on stock return. The implications of this study are expected to provide empirical contributions regarding the influence of these variables on stock returns and to offer managerial insights and additional references for corporate decision-making aimed at increasing stock returns.   Keywords: stock return, profitability, liquidity, leverage, firm size

The development of digital technology has changed the landscape of educational media, especially in the field of engineering, where abstract concepts often pose a challenge. In electrical engineering education, students often have difficulty understanding concepts such as current flow and circuit behavior due to limited class time and a lack of visualization tools. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in enhancing conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and student engagement in the Electrical Circuits course. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was applied, involving two groups: one group used AR-based media, while the control group used traditional instruction. Both groups underwent pre-tests and post-tests with 30 multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain scores. Results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant improvement, with the average post-test score increasing from 62 to 81 and an N-Gain score of 0.48, while the control group only improved from 61 to 71 with an N-Gain score of 0.25. Statistical tests confirmed significant differences between the two groups. These findings indicate that AR is effective in enhancing understanding of complex concepts and can be integrated into technical education curricula to meet modern learning demands.