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Dancing as an outdoor activity significantly impacts the social and emotional skills of young children. They learn to express their emotions, work together in groups, and increase their self-confidence and empathy through dance activities. Several studies have shown that participating in dance activities can also help children manage their emotions, enhance social interactions, and improve their communication skills. Developmentally appropriate dance programs can positively impact their social and emotional development. Early children's ability to manage their own emotions is part of their emotional developmental maturation during the transition from the preoperational to the concrete operational stage. Early children's ability to manage their emotions is part of their emotional developmental maturation during the transition from the preoperational to the concrete operational stage. The ability to manage their own emotions can be seen in their ability to utilize their emotions positively, regulate their emotions according to their circumstances, and appropriately protect themselves from experiencing unhealthy emotions.

Children under two years old (Baduta) are vulnerable to nutritional problems due to their rapid growth and development phase. Supplementary feeding (PMT) using locally sourced foods is an effort that can support adequate nutritional intake during this period. This community service activity aimed to increase mothers' knowledge regarding the importance of PMT and the introduction of nutritious local food ingredients that are easily accessible. The activity was conducted in Lawata Village, Kolaka Utara Regency, involving 30 mothers with Baduta. The method used was educational counseling and interactive discussion covering the definition, benefits, timing of supplementary feeding, and examples of local nutritious foods such as fish, eggs, tempeh, legumes, vegetables, and tubers. The results showed an improvement in participants' understanding of appropriate supplementary feeding practices. Mothers also expressed willingness to apply the knowledge gained in daily feeding practices at home. This program is expected to increase family awareness of balanced nutrition and encourage the use of local food sources to support optimal child growth and nutritional status improvement.

Bullying remains a serious issue in elementary school environments that has negative impacts on children’s mental health, social relationships, as well as emotional and character development. Recognizing the importance of early prevention efforts, students of the Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) from Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) initiated and implemented an anti-bullying outreach program for children in Nagari Harau. This program aims to increase children’s awareness, understanding, and sensitivity toward various forms of bullying, including physical, verbal, and non-verbal bullying, as well as to introduce the impacts caused and simple strategies to deal with and prevent such behavior. The outreach activities were carried out using participatory and interactive methods to ensure the material was easily understood by children, supported by PowerPoint presentations, educational quizzes, light discussions, and simulations of everyday situations relevant to their lives. The target participants were elementary school students in the Nagari Harau area who are vulnerable to bullying practices in school and social settings. The evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of bullying, where only about 30% of participants understood the material before the activity, increasing to 85% after the program was implemented. Positive responses from children, teachers, and the local community emphasize the importance of this program as an effective form of social intervention. This program demonstrates that child-friendly educational approaches can contribute to creating a safer, more comfortable, and bullying-free learning environment.

Perkembangan anak merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pendidikan Islam yang memandang anak sebagai makhluk biologis, psikologis, dan spiritual yang membawa fitrah sejak lahir. Fitrah dipahami sebagai potensi bawaan yang mengarah pada tauhid dan nilai-nilai kebaikan, sehingga pemahaman terhadap fitrah dan tahapan perkembangan anak menjadi dasar penting dalam perancangan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep fitrah anak serta relevansinya dengan proses perkembangan dan pembelajaran dalam perspektif Islam, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pandangan psikologi pendidikan Islam terhadap tahapan perkembangan anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah buku ilmiah dan artikel jurnal akademik dari basis data terpercaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fitrah anak menjadi landasan utama perkembangan dan pembelajaran yang mencakup dimensi spiritual, moral, intelektual, emosional, dan sosial. Psikologi pendidikan Islam memandang perkembangan anak sebagai proses bertahap dan holistik melalui integrasi aspek jasmani, akal, dan rohani dengan prinsip tarbiyah yang gradual dan kontekstual. Pembelajaran menempatkan anak sebagai subjek aktif, berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter dan kesadaran spiritual selain capaian kognitif. Dengan demikian, psikologi pendidikan Islam menawarkan paradigma pendidikan holistik yang relevan dalam mengembangkan potensi anak menuju insan kamil.

This research is motivated by the relationship between parenting styles and children's creative thinking abilities, especially in TPA Miftahul Jannah. The purpose of this study is to identify the parenting styles of children's parents with children's creative thinking abilities in TPA. This study uses quantitative methods with correlational design. Data were collected through observation, interview, data collection and documentation techniques, while teachers act as the main participants in this study. The results of the study indicate that parenting styles greatly influence children's creative thinking abilities. Parenting styles are a pattern or way parents educate, guide, and interact with children, which includes how they set rules, provide affection, and control children's behavior. In addition, teachers and caregivers at TPA also have an important role as parents of both children when they are in childcare. Teachers and caregivers at TPA Miftahul Jannah play an active role in caring for and educating children from toddler age to childhood. Parenting styles can improve children's creative thinking abilities. Through this approach, children can think creatively and imaginatively.

This research at TPA Siti Hajar aims to determine the impact of democratic parenting on the creativity of early childhood aged 4-5 years. The study found that 80% of respondents demonstrated good assessment results, while 20% achieved excellent grades. Democratic parenting, observed in this study, plays a significant role in fostering independence and confidence in children. This type of parenting is ideal for educating children, as it promotes responsibility, leadership, independence, and the ability to build healthy interpersonal relationships. Creativity, as defined in the study, is the ability to generate new ideas, solve problems, and produce innovative products. Using a quantitative approach with an experimental method, the research involved 10 out of 15 children from TPA Siti Hajar. Data was collected through observation and interviews. The results showed a significant correlation between democratic parenting and the development of children's creativity. Children exposed to democratic parenting exhibited increased independence and creativity, adapting well to their school environment. The study concludes that democratic parenting significantly influences early childhood creativity, fostering a safe and supportive space for children to thrive. This positive influence encourages independence while maintaining clear, consistent boundaries, which enhances their creative and developmental stages.

This study aims to describe the social structure in the implementation of the Hata Situtur Poda custom in the marriage of the Angkola and Mandailing communities in Paringgonan Julu Village, Ulu Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, and identify the roles and responsibilities of each element in the social structure. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques include participant observation, in-depth interviews and study of related documents. Data analysis was done thematically by categorizing, describing, and drawing conclusions based on data obtained in the field. The results showed that the social structure of the implementation of Hata Situtur Poda involved various elements, namely the bride and groom, the parents of the bride and groom, the extended family of the bride and groom (kahanggi, anak boru, mora), traditional leaders (hatobangon, raja adat), religious scholars, government elements, and the wider community. Each element has specific and complementary roles and responsibilities in supporting the smooth running of the traditional procession. This tradition not only functions as a medium for conveying advice and advice on family life, but also as a mechanism for preserving cultural, moral and social values that have been passed down from generation to generation. This study concludes that the successful implementation of Hata Situtur Poda is highly dependent on a strong and organized social structure, which is able to maintain the continuity of the tradition amid the dynamics of changing times.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between authoritarian parenting and early childhood creativity. Creativity is an important aspect of child development because it plays a role in shaping the ability to think, solve problems, and express ideas freely. However, the process of creativity development is often influenced by parenting styles at home. Authoritarian parenting is known as a parenting style that tends to be rigid, full of control, and demands obedience without providing space for children to express their opinions. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving children aged 4–6 years and their parents. Data were obtained through parenting questionnaires and observations of children's creativity. The results showed a negative relationship between authoritarian parenting and creativity. The higher the level of authoritarianism applied, the lower the child's creativity. This finding emphasizes the importance of more open parenting for optimal development of children's creativity.

This study aims to determine the effect of authoritative parenting on the independence of children aged 4-5 years. The ex-post facto method was used as the research method, with the population being all parents of TPA Siti Hajar who use authoritative parenting. The sample was determined using a total sampling technique with data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests and simple regression. The results showed that parents use an authoritative parenting style. Respondents always ask their children about their lessons at school (64.08%), listen to their children talk about their school situation (57.00%), and provide encouragement when their children start to be lazy about their homework (66.70%), with a level of independence in the fairly good category, with indicators of self-confidence (65.00%), being able to make their own choices (52.31%), being responsible (50.60%), and being easy to make friends (55.00%). Therefore, the conclusion that can be conveyed is that there is an influence of authoritative parenting on the independence of children aged 4-5 years with a percentage of 46.00%. This study aims to determine the effect of authoritative parenting on the independence of children aged 4-5 years. The ex-post facto method was used as the research method, with the population being all parents of TPA Siti Hajar who use authoritative parenting. The sample was determined using a total sampling technique with data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests and simple regression. The results showed that parents use an authoritative parenting style. Respondents always ask their children about their lessons at school (64.08%), listen to their children talk about their school situation (57.00%), and provide encouragement when their children start to be lazy about their homework (66.70%), with a level of independence in the fairly good category, with indicators of self-confidence (65.00%), being able to make their own choices (52.31%), being responsible (50.60%), and being easy to make friends (55.00%). Therefore, the conclusion that can be conveyed is that there is an influence of authoritative parenting on the independence of children aged 4-5 years with a percentage of 46.00%. 

This study aims to describe the application of SOLO Taxonomy-based early childhood development assessment instruments at Al-Huda Kindergarten in Gorontalo City. The research approach uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of the research includes teachers' understanding of the assessment instruments, the filling process, and the suitability of the instrument application with the principles of SOLO Taxonomy. The results show that the school has implemented four assessment instruments, namely anecdotal notes, checklists, work results, and serial photos as part of formative assessment. In general, the assessment implementation was in line with the children's development, but there was a discrepancy in the use of anecdotal notes, which should have been written one sheet per child but were used for several children at once, thereby reducing the accuracy of the children's development data. The SOLO Taxonomy helped teachers classify the level of complexity of children's understanding from pre-structural to extended abstract, making the assessment more meaningful. This study emphasizes the importance of applying appropriate and individualized assessment instruments so that information on child development is more accurate and can be used to design appropriate follow-up learning activities.

The rampant circulation of illegal drugs involving children as drug couriers is an issue that requires serious attention from the government, law enforcement agencies, and the wider community. It is important to note that children who commit criminal acts must still receive legal protection in order to ensure their best interests. This study aims to examine the forms of criminal liability and legal protection provided to children who act as drug couriers. The method used in this paper is normative juridical. The results of the study show that children who commit narcotics crimes, especially as couriers, can be charged under Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, but special provisions stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System must still be taken into account. An example of legal protection is the reduction of prison terms, as decided by the Denpasar District Court. This consideration was given because the child defendant was still underage, had an unstable psychological condition, and needed supervision and counseling to prevent recidivism. Leniency in sentencing is also important to protect children's rights.

The creative Sunday School teaching program at GKSI Imanuel Teretek was implemented as a community service initiative focused on increasing children’s enthusiasm for participating in spiritual activities. The program was motivated by initial findings showing that many children exhibited declining interest due to monotonous learning methods that lacked creative engagement. Therefore, the service team designed a series of activities based on creative approaches, including the use of visual media, educational games, art activities, and interactive storytelling to align learning with the developmental needs of children. The implementation process was carried out through several stages, including observation, material planning, activity execution, and evaluation. The results showed a significant increase in attendance, active participation, and positive responses from the children. They appeared more engaged, more willing to ask questions, and better able to remember biblical messages through enjoyable and easy-to-understand activities. Additionally, Sunday School teachers gained new insights regarding creative teaching strategies that can be applied sustainably. These findings affirm that innovation in teaching methods has a real impact on children’s learning motivation and strengthens the church’s role in nurturing faith from an early age.

Childhood obesity has become an increasingly significant health and education problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by unhealthy eating patterns, lifestyle changes, and low nutritional literacy within families. This article aims to examine the lack of balanced nutrition in obese early childhood from the perspective of family education as part of non-formal education. The research method used is a literature review by reviewing national and international literature related to nutrition, child growth and development, and the increasing trend of obesity. The results show that obesity has physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impacts that can hinder a child's holistic development. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy eating habits, monitoring food consumption, and fostering an active lifestyle. Improving nutritional literacy within families, synergizing with early childhood education institutions, and supporting public health policies are considered crucial to preventing the long-term risk of obesity. Therefore, family education about balanced nutrition is a crucial strategy in supporting optimal growth and development and creating a healthy and competitive generation of early childhood children.

This study aims to analyze the change in word choice in Indonesian children's songs from the classical to modern times as a reflection of the shift in the social environment in the digital era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method on eight children's songs, consisting of four classic songs by A. T. Mahmud and four popular modern songs on digital platforms such as YouTube. The results showed that classical songs highlight concrete and local vocabulary that describe children's closeness to nature, family, and moral values, while modern songs are dominated by global, repetitive, and phonetic vocabulary that reflect the influence of globalization and the digital lifestyle of today's children. In addition, modern songs tend to contain simple expressions that are easy to remember, but have minimal educational value compared to classical songs that are more loaded with moral messages. This shift shows that the language in children's songs not only serves as a medium of entertainment, but also reflects the changing social and cultural values of Indonesian society. Therefore, the study of children's song language is important to understand the dynamics of popular cultural development that affects the process of character formation of the younger generation.

This article examines the implications of parental verbal violence on the socio-emotional development of early childhood aged 3–6 years. The study was conducted through an extensive literature review supported by general field observations in community settings. The purpose of this research is to describe the phenomenon of verbal violence experienced by young children, analyze its effects on their emotional security, self-confidence, and social adaptation, and identify contributing factors from both the family environment and parental characteristics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, relevant books, journal articles, and institutional reports were synthesized to construct a comprehensive understanding of how negative communication patterns shape children’s socio-emotional development. The findings indicate that verbal violence such as yelling, scolding, insulting, labeling, and threatening can disrupt children’s emotional regulation, lower their self-esteem, and hinder their ability to interact positively with peers. Repeated exposure to harsh language also increases the risk of anxiety, aggression, and social withdrawal. Conversely, positive, supportive, and empathetic parental communication fosters emotional resilience, empathy, and healthy social behavior. This article highlights the urgent need for parents, educators, and communities to strengthen awareness regarding the harmful impact of verbal violence and to promote nurturing communication practices that support the holistic development of young children.

This study aims to determine and describe the use of the drill method in developing the independence of children aged 5-6 years in PAUD Dermawan, Hasahatan Julu Village. In obtaining data in the study, the author applies qualitative research through data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: 1.) the independence of children in PAUD Dermawan has generally developed well. Most children have shown the ability to be responsible, confident, have a social soul, are able to interact and cooperate with their peers, and have initiative. However, there are still some children who need more attention from teachers in independence, especially in terms of self-confidence and the ability to take initiative 2.) Efforts made by teachers in using the drill method to develop the independence of children in PAUD Dermawan, namely: 1. Association, 2. Delivering goals, 3. Motivation, 4. Conducting exercises, 5. Evaluation, 7. Follow-up. 3.) The learning activities used by teachers to develop children's independence at Dermawan Early Childhood Education Center include coloring, writing, playing snakes and ladders, and even creating artwork such as professional hats.

The current penal system in Indonesia focuses solely on the punitive nature of sentencing, without considering how to effectively reform the child offender for the better. This research employs a normative juridical method. The litigation process or juvenile justice system has been specifically regulated under Law Number 12 of 2011, which prioritizes the diversion system. In the litigation process, children's rights to grow, develop, and receive education must not be diminished. The educational penal system for children as criminal offenders has been regulated in Law Number 3 of 1997, particularly concerning the sanctions imposed on children as stipulated in Article 24 paragraph (1), which include: returning the child to their parents, guardian, or foster parent; handing over the child to the state to undergo education, coaching, and job training; or handing the child over to the Ministry of Social Affairs or social organizations engaged in education, coaching, and job training. The diversion system implemented in Indonesia differs from the diversion systems applied in other countries, where the system often collaborates with the Ministry of Social Affairs. According to Law Number 12 of 2011, diversion must be prioritized for children in order to prevent psychological harm. Obstacles in implementing educational sentencing or diversion systems for children arise when judges in Indonesia impose sentences rigidly based solely on statutory provisions, without considering the background, the best interests of the child, or the psychological impact of the decision, and without prioritizing justice for the child.

This study aims to improve early childhood learning activities by utilizing vacant land as a nature center at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. The underlying problem is the lack of variety in early childhood learning, which tends to be limited to the classroom and the suboptimal use of the surrounding environment as a learning resource. This study used a qualitative approach with the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted in two cycles. The subjects were 15 children in Group B, characterized by active learning but limited focus on learning and environmental exploration. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that children's learning activities increased significantly after the implementation of nature-center-based learning. Children became more active, enthusiastic, and were able to interact better with their environment and peers. Activities such as planting, watering, observing insects, and maintaining garden cleanliness provided meaningful and enjoyable learning experiences. In addition, the utilization of vacant land was an effective solution in creating a contextual and child-friendly learning atmosphere. The environment around the school was optimally utilized as a learning medium appropriate to the development of early childhood. This study concluded that the nature center significantly contributed to increasing children's learning activities. Therefore, this nature-based learning model can be recommended as an innovation in early childhood learning for other educational units. 

This study examines the role of the Pustaka Prima Community Reading Park (TBM) as an alternative learning space that provides non-formal educational experiences for children and adolescents, especially in communities with limited access to educational facilities. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the contribution of TBM in developing creativity, literacy skills, self-expression, and independent learning of participants. Data was collected through participant observations, semi-structured interviews with managers and participants, and documentation of program activities. The results of the study show that TBM Pustaka Prima plays a significant role in strengthening cognitive, social, and emotional development through various activities such as reading literacy, storytelling, basic entrepreneurship training, and other creative activities. These programs have been proven to increase reading motivation, the ability to understand texts, confidence in communication, technology awareness, and the ability to innovate. An inclusive and collaborative learning environment allows participants to explore knowledge, work together, and optimize their potential. These findings confirm that TBM not only functions as a provider of reading materials, but also as a community-based education center that provides meaningful learning experiences outside the formal education system. The implications of the research emphasize the importance of strengthening collaboration, developing sustainable programs, and improving resources and infrastructure to maximize the role of TBM in community empowerment.

Early childhood education is an important foundation in character building, because the golden age is a period when physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development occurs very rapidly, requiring planned and continuous stimulation. One effort that can be made is through the implementation of G7KAIH activities, which is a program of seven positive habits designed to instill the values of independence, discipline, cooperation, cleanliness, and responsibility from an early age. This study aims to describe the implementation of G7KAIH as a strategy for character development in early childhood at Sartika Kindergarten. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of semi-structured interviews with teachers directly involved in the program implementation. The results show that G7KAIH has been integrated into daily routines, although it is still in its early stages and does not yet have standard operating procedures. The children's responses varied; some were enthusiastic, but others still needed guidance due to differences in their social-emotional development. The obstacles that arose were related to the children's understanding and the limitations of the implementation guidelines, but these could be overcome through motivation and a variety of activities. Overall, G7KAIH made a positive contribution, especially to the children's independence and discipline.