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The integration of Civic Education (PKn) values ​​in modern society has become an urgent need Early childhood reading literacy is an important foundation in developing children's academic, cognitive, and social abilities. Although awareness of the importance of literacy has increased, practice in the field shows that many early childhood children still do not have adequate reading interest and skills. Various challenges such as limited access to books, low parental involvement, dependence on digital technology, and lack of teacher training are obstacles to improving early childhood literacy. Therefore, strategic and collaborative solutions are needed that involve families, schools, and communities in creating a child-friendly literate environment. This paper aims to comprehensively explore the existing challenges and present solutions that can be practically applied in supporting the improvement of early childhood reading literacy.

Although often overlooked as household waste, used cooking oil has great potential to produce environmentally friendly products. Fourth semester students of the Business Administration Program were trained to make aromatherapy candles from used cooking oil through this community service activity. The goal was to increase knowledge about the circular economy, encourage creativity, and foster students' entrepreneurial spirit. Socialization, hands-on practice, pre-post test evaluation, and participatory discussion were the methods of the activity. The results showed a significant increase in understanding and recycling skills. This activity shows that innovation based on household waste can support environmental sustainability while producing products with sales value.

Coffee production generates large amounts of solid waste, particularly coffee pulp, which can lead to environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study investigates the utilization of coffee pulp waste as a liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and its effect on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ml/L of LOF) and five replications. Observations were made on seedling height, stem diameter, and number of leaves over a four-month period. The results showed that the application of LOF had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. The highest increase in height and leaf count was observed in the 30 ml/L treatment, while the 40 ml/L treatment showed a slight decline, possibly due to nutrient oversaturation. However, stem diameter did not show a statistically significant difference among treatments. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between plant height and leaf number (r = 0.800), suggesting synchronized vegetative growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of coffee pulp LOF as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers in coffee seedling nurseries. Further research is recommended to evaluate long-term effects and optimal dosages for different growth stages.

The implementation of blue economy policies in Tanjungpinang City, the capital of Riau Islands Province, aims to foster sustainable urban development by leveraging marine and coastal resources. This study explores the potential and opportunities of blue economy principles to enhance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research evaluates local government policy documents and collaborates with industry stakeholders to assess the impact of these policies. Findings reveal that Tanjungpinang’s strategic maritime location supports significant fishery production (118,661 tons in 2023) and tourism growth, creating jobs and reducing coastal poverty. Key programs include sustainable marine resource management, fishery processing industry development, human resource capacity building, market access optimization, eco-friendly infrastructure, and environmental policy enforcement. These initiatives promote ecological sustainability, economic value, and social inclusivity. However, challenges such as limited processing scales, resource continuity, and environmental pollution persist. The study underscores the need for coordinated governance, technological investment, and community participation to ensure long-term benefits. Tanjungpinang’s blue economy model offers a replicable framework for sustainable urban development in coastal regions.

Reda dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrizhus) peel, which is often discarded as waste, contains pectin that has potential to be used in the food industry.  This review article aims to examine the effect of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology on the results of pectin extraction from red dragon fruit peel. A review was conducted on four main scientific articles discussing MAE for pectin extraction from dragon fruit peel, focusing on the chemical composition aspect and the effect of MAE technology on the extraction results. MAE technology has been shown to significantly increase extraction efficiency compared to conventional methods, with parameters such as pH, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio affecting the extraction results. One potential application of dragon fruit peel pectin is as a base material for environmentally friendly edible films with functional added value. Formulation optimization and further testing are needed to develop the application of dragon fruit peel pectin on an industrial scale.

The increasing consumer awareness of environmental issues has encouraged culinary Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adopt green marketing strategies as an effort to build competitive advantage. Bandung City, as a creative city with strong local culinary potential, is the focus of this study to analyze the implementation of green marketing in the MSME culinary sector. This study aims to analyze the utilization of green marketing by local-based culinary MSMEs in Bandung, identify the driving and inhibiting factors of its implementation, and measure its impact on business performance. The research applied a qualitative approach by conducting a survey with 150 culinary MSMEs and in-depth interviews with 20 business owners. The findings indicate that 68% of MSMEs have implemented at least one green marketing element, focusing primarily on the use of environmentally friendly packaging (72%) and local raw materials (65%). The main driving factors were consumer demand (78%) and government regulations (56%), while the primary barriers included limited capital (65%) and lack of knowledge (58%). Although the implementation of green marketing among culinary MSMEs in Bandung is still in its early stages, the trend is positive. Government and institutional support is needed to enhance MSMEs’ capacity in developing sustainable marketing strategies. 

Bullying is a social and psychological issue that frequently occurs in elementary school settings, including madrasah ibtidaiyah. This behavior negatively affects students’ emotional, social, and academic development. This community service program aimed to provide anti-bullying education to elementary school students through interactive and Islamic value-based approaches. Activities included educational sessions, group discussions, role-playing, moral reflections, and class agreements against bullying. The program revealed students’ enthusiasm in identifying bullying behavior and understanding the importance of mutual respect. It also encouraged collective commitment through a child-friendly classroom declaration. This initiative is expected to contribute to building a safe, inclusive, and supportive school environment for holistic student development.

Community-based waste management is a strategic step toward achieving sustainable development in Gresik Regency, Indonesia. This policy aims to reduce waste volume, raise community awareness, and support the vision of a Green Regency. This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of community-based waste management policies using a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically to identify supporting and hindering factors influencing program success. The findings indicate that while progress has been made, significant challenges remain, including low levels of socialization, limited infrastructure, and weak inter-agency coordination. Community participation depends heavily on local leaders and facilitators, and the sustainability of institutions such as waste banks and management groups has yet to be evenly distributed. Adequate infrastructure, such as integrated waste processing facilities (TPS3R), is crucial and needs enhancement. Barriers like a lack of technical experts, cultural habits of indiscriminate waste disposal, and insufficient funding hinder the achievement of policy objectives. This evaluation underscores the necessity for increased education, institutional strengthening, and improved infrastructure to accelerate behavioral change and boost community participation. The results are expected to inform local government strategies for more effective implementation toward realizing a sustainable and environmentally friendly Gresik. An integrated and holistic approach is essential for optimizing waste management, creating a cleaner, healthier, and sustainable environment.

Indonesia is a country inhabited by the largest Muslim population in the world. The need for halal products is also very important for the running of a Muslim's life. Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a major role in biotechnology, both traditional and modern such as in genetic engineering techniques. The purpose of this practicum is to find out how to make sticky rice tape and to determine the effect of yeast concentration on the level of sweetness of the sticky rice tape produced. These microbes have long been used in making long-lasting food. Examples of halal products include bread, tape and bioethanol. Meanwhile, haram products include intoxicating drinks such as sake. Modern biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioethanol production.

In the digital age, consumer awareness of sustainable products has increased significantly. Recent research (2023-2025) shows that 84% of Indonesian consumers have used eco-friendly products, driven by a desire to preserve the earth. The purpose of this study is to analyze how digital information, particularly Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WOM), perceptions of sustainable packaging, and environmental concerns influence consumer perceptions and purchasing decisions in Indonesia. The proposed method is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis, preceded by classical assumption testing and instrument reliability testing. Key findings from the supporting literature indicate that E-WOM has a strong influence on purchase interest, even mediating the relationship between green marketing and purchase intention. In addition, product information transparency (ecological labels) is significant in increasing trust. The conclusion confirms that effective digital strategies must prioritize positive E-WOM communication and sustainability data transparency.

The rapid growth of RT/RW Net-based internet services among the community has driven the need for an integrated, efficient, and easy-to-use billing system. The self-help RT/RW Net model often faces challenges in terms of administrative management, especially related to customer recording, billing, and financial reporting which are still done manually. Common problems faced by partners are payment systems that have not been digitized and minimal transparency in data collection and tracking of customer transactions. The purpose of this activity is to design and implement a web-based billing application built using the Laravel framework. This application is designed to facilitate the process of managing customer bills, monitoring internet service usage, and preparing financial reports automatically and in a structured manner. The method of implementing the activity includes the system design stage, training partners in using the application, and assistance in direct implementation in the RT/RW Net operational environment. The results of the activity show that the developed system has succeeded in automating most of the billing process and increasing the efficiency of administrative management by up to 80%. In addition, this system also has a positive impact on increasing transparency and accuracy of customer data. Suggestions for further development include the addition of automatic payment features through integration with payment gateways, as well as improving the user interface to make it more responsive and user-friendly.

This research aims to develop liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from goat livestock waste and paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) conducted in Makale, Tana Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This study aims to determine the response of cucumber plants to the application of LOF derived from the combination of goat livestock waste and paitan plants. Goat livestock waste contains macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), while paitan plants are green organic materials rich in nutrients and easily decomposed. The combination of both is expected to naturally improve soil fertility and optimally support the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different LOF concentration treatments and five replications. Parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant. The LOF production process is carried out through fermentation for 21 days with a ratio of goat livestock waste and paitan of 3:1, and the addition of EM4 as a microorganism activator. This research also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF application on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves) and yield (number and weight of fruits) of cucumber plants, and compare it with treatments without LOF or with inorganic fertilizers. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for local farmers in developing organic fertilizers based on local resources that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable to increase agricultural productivity in the Tana Toraja region.

Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic nation, holds a strategic position while simultaneously facing significant challenges in maintaining the sovereignty and security of its maritime territory. Increasingly complex maritime threats, such as illegal fishing, smuggling, and potential geopolitical conflicts, demand a transformation in maritime defense strategies to be more efficient and sustainable. In an era of increasing global awareness of the climate crisis, the maritime sector, including the defense sector, is being encouraged to decarbonize through the implementation of environmentally friendly ship technology. This research uses a literature review approach by examining various findings related to sustainable propulsion technology innovations relevant to the development of Indonesia's maritime defense fleet. The study results show that a hydrogen- and battery-based hybrid propulsion system can reduce carbon emissions by up to 73% and increase energy efficiency by 35%. In addition, wind-assisted propulsion sistem (WAPS) technology such as Flettner rotors and wing-sails contributes significantly to reducing fuel consumption by up to 30%, while extending ship cruising range without the need for intensive refueling. Meanwhile, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based propeller design optimization has been proven to reduce energy consumption by 13.2% and reduce noise levels by up to 15 dB, which greatly supports the needs of stealth operations in military missions. This study concludes that the implementation of environmentally friendly ship technology not only provides benefits in terms of energy efficiency and emission reduction, but also strengthens the operational resilience and strategic competitiveness of the Indonesian naval fleet amidst the dynamics of global maritime security. Thus, the Green Navy concept can be seen as a relevant and urgently needed sustainable defense strategy.

This study analyzes the mediating role of Friendly Leadership in transforming church culture from Performative Spirituality to Oikos Theology. Performative spirituality, which measures self-worth through performance and ritual, creates a hierarchical and oppressive church environment. This crisis demands a theological shift towards Oikos, a vision of the church as God's holistic, relational household that is responsible for the community and the environment. Through qualitative literature study methods, it was found that Friendly Leadership is a key mediator. This model, based on Christ's hospitality and friendship (John 15:15), serves a dual purpose: First, it dismantles performative spirituality by building psychological safety, reducing fear, and encouraging authentic vulnerability. Second, it effectively builds an Oikos culture by encouraging congregational participation (ownership) and expanding the church's focus from internal affairs to socio-ecological concerns. In conclusion, Friendly Leadership is a vital practical bridge for realizing healthy and inclusive cultural transformation for the 21st-century church.

. Joyoboyo Intermodal Terminal (TIJ) Surabaya is one of the transportation infrastructures that integrates various modes of transportation, including buses and city transportation. In the context of sustainable urban development, ecological architecture is essential for creating public spaces that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable. This research aims to examine the concept of ecological architecture applied to TIJ, focusing on design elements that support energy efficiency, the use of environmentally friendly materials, and optimal management of natural resources. In this analysis, Heinz Frick's principles of ecological architecture are also applied, which are the reference in designing buildings that harmonize nature and technology. The research method used is qualitative analysis with a case study approach, where field observation, interviews, and architectural documentation are the main tools in collecting data.

Inclusive and sustainable economic growth is a major challenge in today's digital age. Financial technology (FinTech) plays an important role in bridging the financial access gap while supporting environmental responsibility through the application of green finance. This study aims to analyse the role of FinTech in promoting inclusive economic growth and environmental sustainability, particularly through the application of blockchain technology in urban renewable energy systems. The research method uses a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis, supported by mathematical models to measure green financial inclusion and FinTech investment efficiency. The results show that the implementation of green FinTech significantly increases financial inclusion, expands economic access for the MSME sector, and reduces carbon emissions through investments in environmentally friendly energy projects. Global case studies in India and Sweden show that multisectoral collaboration and adaptive regulatory policies are key to creating a sustainable FinTech ecosystem. Therefore, the integration of technology, policy, and digital literacy among the public is necessary to realise digital finance that is fair, efficient, and oriented towards a green future

Product quality is affected by the conventional turning process that requires coolant to maintain surface smoothness and reduce tool wear. Vegetable oils such as coconut, corn, and palm oil are environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical coolants (dromus). This study tested the effect of vegetable coolants on the surface of ST 60 steel using an experimental method with variations in a mixture of oil, water, and liquid soap. Turning was carried out at a depth of 0.5 mm, a rotation speed of 1035 rpm, and a cutting speed of 65 mm/min. The results showed that the lowest roughness was in variation 7 (80% corn oil + 10% water + 10% liquid soap) with an initial roughness value of 2.438

The Sambung Nyawa plant (Gynura procumbens) is known to have various benefits, including as an antibacterial. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from Sambung Nyawa leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.  Fungi were isolated and then fermented for 7 days using Nutrient Broth media. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion technique, with zone of inhibition as an indicator of activity. The results showed that IFDSN 2 fungal isolate had the highest zone of inhibition, with a very strong category against S. aureus and strong against S. epidermidis. This finding supports the potential of endophytic fungi as an environmentally friendly natural antibacterial source.

A healthy and aesthetic work environment is an important factor in increasing employee productivity and comfort. This study examines the application of visual art principles, such as color selection, lighting, and natural elements, in environmentally friendly office interior design. This study uses a case study approach in several modern offices in major cities in Indonesia that apply the green concept. The results of the study indicate that visual art-based design can create a more conducive atmosphere, as well as increase work satisfaction and efficiency.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Child-Friendly School (SRA) program in strengthening student character at SMP Watulabara. The SRA program is an approach that integrates the values ​​of children's rights, a safe, inclusive, and participatory learning environment, and the involvement of all parties in creating a school atmosphere that supports the holistic development of students. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Child-Friendly School program at SMP Watulabara has a positive impact on the formation of student character, especially in terms of discipline, responsibility, tolerance, and social concern. Collaboration between teachers, parents, and the school community plays an important role in internalizing character values ​​in daily activities at school. Thus, the Child-Friendly School program has proven effective as a strategy for strengthening student character in a formal education environment