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This study develops Prezi-based audio-visual learning media aimed at improving motivation and economics learning outcomes for Grade X students at SMA X. The primary issue addressed is the low motivation and achievement among students due to the use of monotonous teaching methods and unengaging media. This research distinguishes itself by integrating Prezi’s Zooming User Interface (ZUI) with economics content, aligning with the independent curriculum and the Pancasila student profile. The study follows the Four-D Research and Development (R&D) model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate phases. Data were collected through needs analysis, expert validation, and a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Two classes, each consisting of 36 students, participated in the study. The learning media developed integrates various components such as text, images, charts, animations, and audio explanations, creating a comprehensive and interactive learning experience. The media was validated and found to be suitable, practical, and flexible for classroom use. The experimental group using the Prezi-based learning media saw a significant improvement in their learning outcomes. The average score of this group increased from 43.472 to 86, showing a substantial gain. In contrast, the control group, which used traditional methods, showed a smaller increase in average score, from 43.056 to 66.389. These results indicate that Prezi-based media is an effective tool for enhancing students' motivation and learning outcomes. It provides an innovative and engaging alternative for teachers, making economics content more dynamic and accessible. The study suggests that integrating such audio-visual tools can play a crucial role in improving the quality of learning, fostering both student engagement and academic achievement.

In da'wah activities, language plays a crucial role as a means of communication that can be understood by every person or target of da'wah. Clear, simple, and communicative language will facilitate da'wah practitioners in conveying religious messages to the community. Da'wah communication is not limited to the use of verbal symbols such as words, but also includes nonverbal symbols that can strengthen the meaning of the da'wah message itself. Along with the development of information technology, da'wah media has also undergone significant changes. While da'wah was previously carried out through religious study groups, mosques, and face-to-face forums, social media has now emerged as a new, effective platform for conveying da'wah messages. One widely used social media platform is Instagram. This medium has a strong visual character, prioritizing images, videos, and short texts that are easily accessible to users. This is a unique attraction for da'wah practitioners in conveying religious messages to a wider audience, especially the younger generation who actively use Instagram. Through features such as feed uploads, Instagram Stories, and live broadcasts, da'wah can be packaged in a more creative, engaging, and relevant way to meet the needs of today's mad'u. One figure who utilizes Instagram as a means of da'wah is Ismail Amin Al-Kholili. Ismail's approach emphasizes the importance of da'wah communication that is appropriate to the context of the mad'u. In terms of message interaction, his da'wah can be studied through several forms of communication, namely da'wah bil-hal, da'wah bil-lisan, and da'wah bil-khitbah. Da'wah bil-hal is seen in the actual practice of behavior and exemplary behavior displayed, da'wah bil-lisan through lectures or advice delivered in audio-visual form, while da'wah bil-khitbah is seen in the delivery of short sermons that are packaged concisely and easily understood.

The rapid growth of e-commerce platforms has significantly transformed the way consumers share and access product feedback. One of the widely used platforms in Indonesia is Shopee, where customers actively provide reviews of various products, including local skincare brands such as Kahf facial wash. Customer reviews on e-commerce platforms contain valuable information that can be analyzed to understand consumer opinions and preferences. Sentiment analysis, as a branch of natural language processing, enables the classification of textual data into categories such as positive, negative, or neutral. This study aims to classify Shopee user sentiments regarding Kahf facial wash products by implementing the Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm, a well-known probabilistic classifier suitable for text categorization. The research methodology consisted of several preprocessing stages, including data cleansing, case folding, tokenizing, stopword removal, and stemming, to prepare raw review texts for further analysis. For feature representation, the Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method was applied to capture the importance of words across documents. To evaluate the classification performance, K-Fold cross-validation was employed with K values of 4, 5, 6, and 10 to ensure model reliability and robustness. Considering the issue of imbalanced datasets in user-generated reviews, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was utilized to balance the distribution of sentiment classes. Based on the confusion matrix, the Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm demonstrated effective performance in classifying sentiments, achieving satisfactory levels of accuracy, precision, and recall across different folds. These results indicate that the algorithm is capable of handling sentiment analysis tasks for local product reviews effectively. The findings of this study are expected to provide meaningful insights for businesses in understanding consumer perceptions, thereby supporting decision-making processes in product development, marketing strategies, and customer engagement for local brands.

This study employs a qualitative library research method with the primary objective of analyzing the effectiveness of development administration in the management of regional budgets to support local economic development. Development administration is a crucial component in the governance process, encompassing the planning, organizing, directing, and supervising of budget utilization to ensure that resources are allocated in a targeted, efficient, and sustainable manner. Within the context of local governments, the effectiveness of budget management is considered a key indicator of the success of regional development, as it directly reflects the ability of local authorities to implement policies that foster equitable and inclusive growth. The data for this study were obtained from various scientific literature sources, including academic journals, textbooks, and relevant government policy documents addressing budgeting and regional development. The findings of the analysis highlight that successful budget management is strongly influenced by bureaucratic capacity, particularly in terms of administrative competence, professional integrity, and institutional stability. Furthermore, transparency in budget planning processes plays a significant role in building public trust and preventing misallocation of resources. Equally important is the participation of the community in monitoring and evaluating budget implementation, which ensures accountability and responsiveness to public needs. In addition, synergy between legislative and executive bodies is identified as a determining factor in strengthening checks and balances, thereby enhancing the accountability of public fund management. The study concludes that effective development administration not only supports efficient allocation of financial resources but also contributes to accelerating local economic growth, reducing social inequality, and improving community welfare. Ultimately, this research is expected to provide valuable insights and serve as a reference for local governments in formulating strategies for more optimal, transparent, and participatory budget management practices

Bekasam is a traditional Indonesian fermented product made from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through a spontaneous fermentation process with the addition of rice and salt. This fermentation process encourages the growth of various microorganisms, especially bacteria, which play a role in the formation of flavor, aroma, and natural preservation of the product. This study aims to observe the microbiological characteristics of bekasam tilapia through colony observation on agar media and microscopic staining using crystal violet and safranin. Macroscopic observations showed the presence of microbial colonies that were round, cloudy white, with a smooth surface and even edges. These colony characteristics indicate good microbial growth on agar media. Microscopically, the bacteria observed in bekasam samples had an irregular distribution, forming aggregates that absorbed intense purple and pink colors. Crystal violet staining gave a purple color to gram-positive bacteria, while safranin gave a pink color to gram-negative bacteria. These findings indicate that bekasam contains an active microbial community that plays a role in the fermentation process. This microbial community can be observed visually through simple staining that provides an overview of the types of bacteria involved in the fermentation process. Microbiological analysis such as this is crucial for understanding the fermentation dynamics of traditional food products like bekasam. Thus, this study provides deeper insight into the microorganisms involved in bekasam production, as well as the importance of monitoring microbiological quality in the manufacturing process of traditional fermented products. Furthermore, the diversity of microbes involved in bekasam fermentation can affect product quality and consistency. Therefore, monitoring the dominant bacterial species during the fermentation process is crucial for maintaining bekasam quality, including its taste, texture, and safety for consumers.

This research is based on the importance of relevant and contextual teaching materials that foster understanding and practice of religious values, particularly in the teaching of voluntary fasting at the elementary school level. In the context of Islamic religious education, voluntary fasting material not only aims to provide knowledge but also to shape students' religious character from an early age. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the suitability of the learning objectives, materials, and teaching methods in the teaching materials with the expected competency achievements in the curriculum. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a document study approach, through content analysis of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education teaching materials for grade VI. Data were collected through documentation techniques and interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the teaching materials generally contain voluntary fasting material in accordance with the applicable curriculum. However, there are still shortcomings in aspects of material depth, relevance to students' daily lives, and the diversity of learning methods used. The materials tend to be textual and do not fully encourage students' emotional involvement or spiritual practices. Furthermore, the emphasis on character building and internalization of religious values ​​in students' lives is not optimal. The conclusions of this study indicate the need to develop more applicable, interactive, and contextual teaching materials to improve students' understanding, religious attitudes, and active involvement in consciously and consistently observing the sunnah fast. As a follow-up to these findings, collaboration between teachers, textbook authors, and curriculum developers is crucial to ensure that teaching materials are not only cognitively appropriate.

The research that has been conducted is entitled "Development of Adventure Comic Media to Improve Fantasy Story Writing Skills of Class VII MTs Negeri 2 Medan", the background of this research is the low writing ability of students, which is caused by difficulties in developing ideas and the use of conventional learning methods. This problem encouraged researchers to develop learning media in the form of comics as an innovative alternative to support more interesting and effective learning. This research uses the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, observations, tests, and documentation, and involved a validation process by material experts, media experts, and linguists. Furthermore, trials were conducted on students of class VII-G as an experimental class. The results of the study showed that the developed adventure comic media was classified as very feasible, practical, and effective. The validation results by three experts showed that the media expert gave a score of 95% (after revision), the material expert 98.33%, and the linguist 88%. In addition, user responses to the media were also very positive. Students in class VII-G gave an assessment of 94,52%, while the teacher gave an assessment of 97.14%. All assessment results are included in the very practical category. In terms of effectiveness, pretest and posttest tests were conducted to measure the improvement of students' writing skills. The results of the effectiveness trial were analyzed using the N-Gain value. In class VII-F (control class), the N-Gain score was 48.66%, while in class VII-G (experimental class) it was 68.35% with a fairly effective category. These results indicate that adventure comic media is quite effective in improving students' fantasy story writing skills. Thus, adventure comic media can be used as an alternative learning media that is interesting, easy to understand, and able to increase students' motivation and writing skills, especially in fantasy story text material.

The purpose of this Community Service activity is to assist teachers in developing reading teaching materials based on Micro Reading Skills, which serve as the foundation for improving reading skills and addressing challenges related to reading English texts. This initiative was carried out using a mentoring approach, which included presentations, hands-on practices, and demonstrations to engage teachers effectively. The methodology employed to assess the progress involved qualitative data analysis, which was based on direct observation of changes in teachers' abilities to apply the micro reading skills taught during the mentoring sessions. The activity focused on key components of micro reading skills, such as vocabulary acquisition, sentence comprehension, cohesive devices, theme-rheme relationships, and thematic progression patterns, which are essential to overcoming reading challenges. Teachers were equipped with strategies to decode complex texts and improve reading comprehension through the identification of these components. One of the significant outcomes of this program was the noticeable increase in teachers' understanding of how to implement these micro reading skills to address the difficulties students face while reading English texts. The participants' enthusiasm and active involvement during the mentoring sessions were inspiring, and the teachers expressed a strong desire to deepen their knowledge and continue developing specialized teaching materials focused on reading skills. This community service activity has not only provided immediate knowledge to the teachers but also sparked a lasting interest in refining their instructional approaches. Furthermore, the enhanced capabilities of the teachers will contribute to better student outcomes in reading comprehension, making this community service initiative an invaluable investment in both the professional development of teachers and the academic success of students.

This study aims to describe the social transformations found in the literary aspects of the Advanced Indonesian Language Textbook for grade 11 and analyze its relationship to the construction of the Pancasila Student Profile (P5). The main focus of this study is to examine how the literary works presented in the textbook function not only as a medium for language learning but also as a vehicle for character development and social understanding for students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with sociological literary analysis techniques, where data is obtained from excerpts from poetry, short stories, and plays that depict social change. The results indicate that the social transformations reflected in these literary works are divided into two main forms: collective behavior and social movements. Collective behavior is demonstrated through themes of fashion and fashion, urban legends, and the phenomenon of mass hysteria, which implicitly depict social conflict, class inequality, and the dynamics of societal culture. Meanwhile, social movements are depicted in the narratives of characters who fight for change against norms, traditions, and social structures that limit freedom. This representation demonstrates resistance, critical awareness, and a drive towards a more just and equal life. The findings of this study are closely related to the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, such as critical reasoning skills, a spirit of mutual cooperation, an attitude of upholding social justice, and independence in thought and action. Therefore, it can be concluded that literary works in Indonesian language textbooks not only present aesthetic value and literary appreciation, but also serve as an effective means of instilling national values and supporting the formation of student character in accordance with the vision of Pancasila.  

This study aims to predict the potential bankruptcy of PT Argo Pantes Tbk for the period 2014–2024 using the Zmijewski X-Score model. The research adopts a quantitative method based on secondary data obtained from the company’s published annual financial statements. The Zmijewski model was selected because of its effectiveness in assessing companies with unstable financial conditions and its ability to provide a more accurate reflection of financial distress compared to other models. The analysis process involved calculating the X-Score for each year within the observation period and interpreting the results according to the criteria of the model. The findings indicate that for the entire study period, the calculated X value was consistently greater than or equal to zero. This outcome signifies that the company is in a condition classified as potentially bankrupt. Furthermore, the model demonstrated 100% accuracy in describing the company’s actual financial situation, since PT Argo Pantes Tbk consistently recorded net losses throughout the period of analysis. These losses were not incidental but reflected a long-term pattern of weak financial performance, limited profitability, and declining competitiveness in the textile industry. The results highlight that PT Argo Pantes Tbk has been operating under severe financial distress for a prolonged period, with no indication of recovery during the years observed. The persistent losses and negative financial indicators reinforce the conclusion that the company is in an unhealthy condition. The study confirms the applicability and reliability of the Zmijewski X-Score as a bankruptcy prediction tool in the Indonesian context, particularly for firms experiencing prolonged instability. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into financial distress analysis and underscores the importance of early bankruptcy prediction models in supporting stakeholders, investors, and regulators in making informed decisions.

Fish bekasam is one of Indonesia's traditional fermented products that involves the activity of microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), to produce unique organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The fermentation process of bekasam plays a significant role not only in extending the shelf life of fish but also in creating a distinctive sour taste and texture that differs from other fish products. This study aims to analyze the microbiological community involved in the fish bekasam fermentation process through observation and identification of bacteria using Safranin Violet and Iodine staining techniques. This study employs a literature review approach, examining various references related to the fermentation process, the dominant bacteria species, and the environmental factors that affect the quality of bekasam. The analysis revealed that lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, and Pediococcus spp. play an important role in the fermentation of bekasam fish. These bacteria produce lactic acid, which contributes to the sour taste and plays a role in forming the product's texture. The Safranin Violet and Iodine staining techniques were effective for identifying bacteria based on their cell wall characteristics, with Gram-positive bacteria dominating the fermentation process. Environmental factors such as the fermentation time, salt concentration, and the addition of ingredients like carbohydrates or turmeric extract influence the dynamics of bacterial populations in the fermentation of bekasam. This study also emphasizes the importance of controlling pathogenic bacterial contamination, such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, to ensure food safety in bekasam products. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the microbiological dynamics in fish bekasam fermentation and the relevance of staining techniques in microbiological analysis, which can be used to improve the quality and safety of traditional fermented products. This study also opens opportunities for developing safer and higher-quality bekasam products.

Writing is a complex and fundamental language skill that plays a central role in developing students’ literacy, particularly in the context of producing negotiation texts. Negotiation texts are one of the text types taught in the Indonesian language curriculum that demand mastery of varied vocabulary, logical coherence, and persuasive language structures. Despite its importance, many students continue to face challenges in composing negotiation texts effectively. Difficulties are often found in choosing the right vocabulary, applying grammatical rules accurately, and constructing arguments that are logically consistent and persuasive. This study aims to analyze the extent to which students’ mastery of Indonesian vocabulary and grammar contributes to their ability to write negotiation texts. The research was conducted on class X students of MAN Kota Mojokerto using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through three techniques: analysis of students’ written negotiation texts, interviews with teachers and students, and classroom observations during the learning process. The results of the study reveal that most students demonstrate limited mastery of vocabulary, which results in repetitive word choices and restricted expression. In addition, weaknesses in grammar application often lead to inaccurate sentence construction, lack of cohesion, and unclear argument flow. These shortcomings significantly affect the quality of negotiation texts, which tend to be less persuasive, poorly structured, and unable to fulfill the standard criteria of negotiation text writing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that vocabulary mastery and grammar proficiency play a crucial role in supporting students’ negotiation text writing skills. To address this issue, Indonesian language learning needs to adopt strategies that consistently emphasize writing practice, provide opportunities for vocabulary enrichment, and strengthen students’ grammatical competence. Such approaches are expected to improve students’ literacy levels, particularly in the production of negotiation texts.

This study aims to analyze the sentiment of customer reviews of the Grand Jatra Hotel Pekanbaru on the Google Review platform using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. Social media and online review platforms are increasingly becoming the primary source of information for potential customers in making purchasing decisions, particularly in the hospitality sector. Therefore, sentiment analysis of customer reviews is crucial for understanding consumer perceptions and providing strategic input for hotels in improving service quality. The research data was collected using web scraping techniques to obtain publicly available customer reviews. The obtained data was then processed through text preprocessing stages including case folding, tokenizing, normalization, stopword removal, and stemming. The Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method was then used to weight each word, so that more relevant words have a greater influence in the classification process. The sentiment classification process was carried out into two main categories, namely positive and negative. The Naïve Bayes model was trained using training data and then tested with test data to measure the algorithm's performance in classifying sentiment. The evaluation results show that the model built is able to achieve an accuracy level of 98%, with a precision value of 97% and a recall of 100% in the positive class, and 92% in the negative class. These findings confirm that the Naïve Bayes algorithm can be effectively used in analyzing customer sentiment towards hotel services and facilities. Practically, the results of this study are expected to provide insight for the management of Grand Jatra Hotel Pekanbaru in understanding customer perceptions, identifying service strengths and weaknesses, and formulating more targeted marketing strategies. In addition, this study can also be a reference for the development of similar studies in the hotel industry and other service sectors.

This article analyzes the song "Sukatani" by Sukatani Band as a form of musical expression that represents Eastern nuances within a post-punk aesthetic framework. The research was conducted using a qualitative-descriptive approach through a music analysis method based on Jan LaRue's theory in Guidelines for Style Analysis (1970), which includes six main parameters: melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, form, and instrumentation. This analysis aims to reveal how the musical elements in the song can be read as a meeting between the post-punk idiom born in the West and the local socio-cultural context in Indonesia. The research findings show that "Sukatani" combines a minor pentatonic scale and repetitive structure as distinctive Eastern musical characteristics, while maintaining the monotonous and intense impression synonymous with post-punk aesthetics. From a lyrical perspective, the use of ngapak language not only strengthens local identity but also presents an authentic expression close to the daily lives of rural communities. The lyrics voice social criticism regarding class inequality, state repression, and respect for peasant labor as the foundation of collective life. Thus, music is not merely an aesthetic medium, but also a means of articulating cultural resistance against the dominance of central discourse and the hegemony of mainstream popular culture. Furthermore, analysis of texture and instrumentation reveals a combination of distorted guitars, repetitive bass patterns, and rigid drum beats, all of which create a tense yet meditative atmosphere. 

This study aims to investigate the sensory characteristics and nutritional content of macarons with the addition of kecombrang flower essential oil (Etlingera elatior). The research was conducted to determine the effects of various concentrations of kecombrang flower essential oil (3%, 5%, and 7%) on macaron quality. The sensory attributes evaluated included color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference, while nutritional analysis focused on key macronutrients such as carbohydrates, sugar, fat, protein, and ash content. The sensory evaluation utilized a single-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test to compare the effects of the different concentrations of essential oil. The results indicated that the addition of 5% kecombrang essential oil yielded the most favorable sensory scores, with the highest ratings in color (4.20) and texture (4.29). Furthermore, aroma and taste were rated highly, confirming that this concentration enhanced the overall quality of the macarons. Although the likeability score did not show significant statistical differences between treatments, all treatments were generally categorized as “liked” by the panel. For the nutritional content analysis, the macaron sample with 5% essential oil was selected for testing through a proxy method. The results indicated that the macaron had a carbohydrate content of 46.31%, sugar content of 31.62%, fat content of 3.05%, protein content of 19.08%, and ash content of 0.14%. These findings are noteworthy, as the macaron with kecombrang flower essential oil showed lower carbohydrate and fat content compared to a typical macaron, while it exhibited higher protein content. These results suggest that macarons with kecombrang essential oil may offer a healthier alternative to conventional macarons, particularly for those seeking lower sugar and fat content in their diet.

Cassava tape is a traditional fermented product widely consumed in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. It is produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta) through the activity of microorganisms during the fermentation process. The presence of microbes in this process plays a crucial role in the flavor, aroma, texture, and final quality of the product. The microorganisms involved, including bacteria, molds, and yeasts, work synergistically to break down the carbohydrate components of cassava into simpler products, resulting in the sweet taste and distinctive aroma of tape. This study aimed to identify and characterize the microbes present in cassava tape through isolation and microscopic staining using safranin. The isolation process involved several stages: sequential sample dilution, inoculation onto Nutrient Agar (NA) media using the pour method, and incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The growing microbial colonies were observed macroscopically, then collected and subjected to simple safranin staining to determine the shape and distribution pattern of the microbial cells microscopically. Observations revealed colonies with diverse morphologies, including rod-shaped (bacilli) and spherical (cocci), evenly distributed across the observation area. This indicates that cassava tape contains microorganisms of various morphologies that play a role in the fermentation process. Simple safranin staining has been shown to provide an initial overview of the presence and form of microbes, although further identification to the genus or species level requires further tests such as Gram staining, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis. These findings open up opportunities for further in-depth research into consumption safety, the functional role of microbes in tape fermentation, and its potential use as a source of natural probiotics in traditional fermented foods.  

This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic texts in depth. The results of the study show that the figurative language in the poems does not only function as rhetorical decoration or mere linguistic ornamentation, but has a strong and essential symbolic function in conveying hidden messages and the poet's inner emotions. Symbols such as "storm", "refrigerator", "twilight", "window", "door", "river", and others are not only concrete images, but convey deep meanings related to inner suffering, past memories, the search for self-identity, feelings of alienation, and the search for the universal meaning of life. In addition, this study also identifies various types of figurative language used by Joko Pinurbo in the anthology, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. All types of figurative language are skillfully used to enrich the meaning of poetry and deepen the aesthetic experience of readers, allowing them to feel and reproduce the messages hidden behind the words. Thus, this study confirms that the use of figurative language in poetry is not only a literary technique, but also a powerful medium of expression and a means of communicating complex meanings in modern literary works. This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic text in depth.

This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic texts in depth. The results of the study show that the figurative language in the poems does not only function as rhetorical decoration or mere linguistic ornamentation, but has a strong and essential symbolic function in conveying hidden messages and the poet's inner emotions. Symbols such as "storm", "refrigerator", "twilight", "window", "door", "river", and others are not only concrete images, but convey deep meanings related to inner suffering, past memories, the search for self-identity, feelings of alienation, and the search for the universal meaning of life. In addition, this study also identifies various types of figurative language used by Joko Pinurbo in the anthology, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. All types of figurative language are skillfully used to enrich the meaning of poetry and deepen the aesthetic experience of readers, allowing them to feel and reproduce the messages hidden behind the words. Thus, this study confirms that the use of figurative language in poetry is not only a literary technique, but also a powerful medium of expression and a means of communicating complex meanings in modern literary works. This study discusses the symbolic meaning contained in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a semiotic analysis method as a theoretical basis, which allows researchers to interpret the signs and symbols in the poetic text in depth.

In the textile industry, quality control is a crucial aspect to ensure the stability and consistency of production results. One of the important stages in yarn production is the warping process, which has a significant influence on the quality in the subsequent process. This study aims to apply the Statistical Process Control (SPC) method to assess the quality of 40 CD KNB yarn in the warping process in the GKBI PC company, Preparation Department, and determine whether the process is already in a controlled condition. Currently, the average quality and amount of monthly yarn production show fluctuations with a downward trend of 1.64 per 5,000,000 meters in the period February–July 2024. This figure is below the company's daily production target of 1.00 per 5,000,000 meters, so the target has not been achieved. This discrepancy indicates the need for a more systematic evaluation and improvement of the quality control system. Based on the analysis of the X-Bar control chart in January 2025, two data points were found outside the control limits (UCL = 176.8; LCL = -29.5; average = 73.6), ie on January 4 and 20. The main cause of such uncontrollability is the weak yarn that comes from the rewinding process. Check sheet analysis and Pareto diagram shows that the most common factors causing thread breakage are weak threads. Furthermore, through the cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone diagram), it was identified that the factors that cause thread breakage come from four categories: human (HR), material (raw material), environment, and machine. Of the four factors, human resources and material aspects are the biggest contributors to influence. Therefore, it is recommended that quality control at PC GKBI be strengthened through training and counseling programs to employees, in order to improve skills and awareness of the importance of quality. This step is expected to reduce the rate of yarn breakage, maintain the stability of the production process, and ensure consistent achievement of company targets.

The development of information technology has driven significant transformations in human resource (HR) management, including in the aspects of compensation and job description adjustments. Digitalization in HR management not only simplifies administrative processes but also has the potential to increase employee satisfaction and loyalty through transparency, speed, and ease of access to information. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital compensation and job description adaptation on employee loyalty at AK-Tekstil Solo, a labor-intensive company in the textile industry. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to a number of employees as respondents, then analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Digital compensation in this study was measured by aspects of transparency, payment speed, and ease of access, while job description adaptation was assessed by role clarity, task flexibility, and communication between management and employees. The results show that digital compensation designed with a transparent, accurate, and easily accessible system contributes positively to job satisfaction, which in turn increases employee loyalty to the company. Similarly, job description adaptation carried out in a structured manner and accompanied by clear communication has been proven to strengthen employee commitment and attachment to the organization. These findings provide strategic implications for company management, particularly in labor-intensive industries, to develop digital-based compensation systems that are not only efficient but also foster trust and fairness. Furthermore, management needs to ensure job descriptions are adaptive to changes in the work environment so that employees continue to feel valued and relevant to the company's goals. Implementing this strategy is expected to create a stable, productive, and sustainable work environment.