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The presence of the E Court system in online trials creates legal loopholes regarding violations of the defendant's rights in trials regarding Due Process Law. The court cannot ignore this fact. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study and analysis to ensure that the implementation of electronic trials does not violate important principles needed to maintain justice and the human rights of defendants during the trial process. Formulation of the Problem of this Thesis How to regulate the defendant's consent in the implementation of electronic criminal trials in Indonesia? and What is the electronic criminal trial mechanism that guarantees due process? The research method used by the author is Normative Juridical to study E-Court from the perspective of applicable laws and regulations and legal principles. The results of the research are that the regulation of the defendant's consent in carrying out criminal justice electronically in Indonesia based on Perma 4 of 2020 is an effort to protect the defendant's rights in the criminal justice process. The defendant's consent is necessary to ensure that the defendant understands his or her rights and is not forced to participate in the trial electronically. Perma Number 4 of 2020 regulates several ways to carry out electronic trials, such as defendants attending the trial from the place of detention with or without being accompanied by a Legal Advisor, or defendants who are not detained can attend the trial in the Court's court room or at the Prosecutor's office accompanied or without being accompanied by an Advisor. Law. This defendant consent mechanism must also pay attention to complete and timely notification to the defendant, the defendant's access to necessary technology, the defendant's right to be represented by a lawyer, preservation of trial recordings, and special consideration of personal rights and data security.    

The background of this thesis is based on the role of pretrial which functions as a social control mechanism, its implementation in Indonesia still often experiences violations. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth analysis to identify the causes of these violations and find solutions to increase the effectiveness of pre-trials in protecting the rights of individuals who are disadvantaged in the application of criminal law in Indonesia. The problem formulation for this thesis is How pre-trial arrangements are made in positive law in Indonesia ? and What is the function and role of pretrial in criminal law enforcement in Indonesia? The research method for this thesis is Normative Juridical where the author examines phenomena related to Pre-Trial from the aspects of Legislation and Legal Principles. The results of this thesis research are that pretrial arrangements in the criminal justice system in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. Pretrial, in accordance with Article 1 point (10) in conjunction with Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code, is the authority of the district court to examine and decide on several matters, including whether or not an arrest and detention is legal, the termination of an investigation or prosecution, as well as requests for compensation or rehabilitation. Pretrial has an important role in maintaining the balance of law enforcement powers and individual rights in enforcing criminal law. Its main function is to control law enforcement actions and procedures, ensuring justice and compliance with applicable laws. Pretrial is also closely related to the principle of Habeas Corpus which guarantees that a person must not be detained without a valid reason and must be immediately brought to justice. Through pretrial proceedings, individuals can protect themselves from arbitrary actions by law enforcement and seek redress if their rights are violated. Pretrial and the principle of Habeas Corpus together form an important part of the criminal law system in Indonesia which focuses on justice and the protection of human rights.    

The pastor is a leader for the congregation who thinks about the spirituality of the congregation and also the physical needs of the congregation he serves. Therefore, the pastor's service to the congregation is a holistic service. If the congregation served by a pastor has problems in terms of spirituality or life needs, the pastor must be willing to carry out visits and counseling. Considering that the responsibility of pastoral care is quite large, being a pastor must be a calling in life. However, it is very ironic that there are still pastors today who do not serve the congregation totally. This article is a qualitative method by examining God's servants or Shepherds as leaders. The principles of shepherding are based on 1 Peter 5:1-4, namely serving without seeking one's own interests, serving voluntarily, serving with enthusiasm and providing an example to the sheep or congregation.

Property in Islam is a significant concept that encompasses various aspects such as ownership, distribution, and utilization. Islam emphasizes the importance of legal and transparent ownership, where wealth must be acquired through honest and ethical means. Unethical practices like theft and usury are strictly prohibited. Fair distribution of wealth is also emphasized, as seen in the obligation of zakat, a mandatory payment given to those in need. Islam promotes the idea that wealth should not be selfishly retained by a few, but should be fairly distributed to benefit society as a whole. Additionally, Islam highlights responsible utilization of property. While recognizing individual property rights, Islam also emphasizes the responsible and conscientious use of wealth. Overall, the concept of property in Islam is grounded in principles of integrity, fairness, and responsible stewardship.

This research focuses on the implementation of the Al Wadiah concept in the State Savings Bank (BTN) in Indonesia. The concept is based on Islamic law and deals with trust and custody. The bank has integrated Al Wadiah into its savings services and manages customer funds in accordance with Sharia regulations. This study uses secondary data to analyze the implementation. The study found that BTN offers a range of savings products that emphasize the security of deposited funds. The study also identified challenges and opportunities faced by the bank in implementing the concept. These challenges include regulatory changes, educating the public and a comprehensive understanding of Sharia principles. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for BTN to expand its range of Sharia-based services and increase public confidence in the financial system.

It is very important to instill state defense awareness to all citizens, especially the millennial generation as they are the successors and inheritors of the continuity of the life of the nation and state. This will help defend the country from internal and external threats, both military and non-military. Education is crucial in state defense as it helps the younger generation understand the history, principles and commitment to protect the country's sovereignty. Through education, students can understand the importance of maintaining national unity and integrity and become development actors that benefit the community and the country. The research that will be used in this paper is normative research with a perspective approach through ideology, laws, and phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which formal education in Indonesia contributes to shaping state defense awareness among the younger generation, investigate the factors that influence understanding and awareness of state defense, analyze the implementation of the national education curriculum, provide recommendations for improving the education system. The benefit of this paper is to provide in-depth insight into the role of education in shaping a strong understanding of the concept of state defense among the younger generation.

This article aims to explore the urgency of applying the principle of proportionality in online loan agreements. The research results are expected to be utilized by all parties involved, especially prospective recipients of online loans, in crafting a standardized online loan agreement. The research methodology employs normative legal research, utilizing both primary and secondary legal materials through a literature review data collection technique. The approaches used in this research are the legislative approach (statute approach) and the conceptual approach. The data analysis technique employed is deductive analysis using the syllogism method. The application of the proportionality principle is examined through a guiding theory to identify the proportionality principles in contracts, including the principles of equality of rights, freedom, proportional distribution, and an elegant resolution with a win-win solution. Applying the proportionality principle in online loan electronic contracts is expected to minimize the risk of disputes during the execution of online loan agreements.

Sharia people's credit bank (BPRS) is an institution that carries out business activities based on sharia principles and in its activities does not provide services in payment traffic. The level of interest in PT. Many BPRS Al Washliyah choose murabahah financing. This high level of murabahah financing activity can cause high risks faced by the entity providing the financing. Risk management is an effort that must be made to minimize the possibility of loss risks that may occur as a result of problematic murabahah financing transactions. The conclusion from these results is that murabahah financing risk management faced by PT. BPRS AL-Washliyah Medan, namely by persuasive means, if this method cannot be a solution to the existing problems, then PT. BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan resolved this by means of collateral, namely the confiscation/sale of collateral

This research aims to conduct a comparative study of the concept of servant leadership put forward by Stephen R. Covey and its application to the Sister Head of Sang Timur Catholic Kindergarten in Malang City. Servant leadership is a leadership approach that emphasizes service to others as the main foundation of leadership. Stephen R. Covey explains this concept through his famous books, especially those related to the principles of effective and ethical leadership. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of articles related to the leadership activities of the Head Sister of the Sang Timur Catholic Kindergarten. Data analysis was carried out using a comparative study of Stephen R. Covey's servant leadership with the Head Sister's leadership style. The research results show that the Head Sister of Sang Timur Catholic Kindergarten consistently applies the concept of servant leadership. They highlight aspects of service, characteristics, potential development, and attention to the needs of team members as the main foundations of their leadership. Even though there may be contextual differences in its application, the concept of servant leadership remains the basis for Head Sisters in carrying out leadership responsibilities in the educational environment. This research provides further understanding regarding the application of servant leadership in the context of non-profit organizations, especially in early childhood education. This research can form the basis of practical implications for the development of more effective leadership models in educational institutions and similar organizations.

ork ethic is one of the most important and influential components of enterprise or business. Competiton in the business currently very rapidtherefore businesses are required to improve the quality of human resources effectively and effeciently. According to Islam, work ethic is a Muslim’s belief that work is a form of worship that obtains the approval of Allah SWT. This research aims to describe the analysis of the Islamic work ethic in the Olis Production House MSMEs in Jambi City. The data collection technique in the research used the interview method from 9 respondents, consisting  of the owner and all employees at the Olis Production House MSMe Jambi City.Data collection techniques use qualitative methods for primary and secondary data. The results of this research can be concluded that the Islamic work ethic at the Olis Production House MSME employees has implemented several work ethics in accordance with Islamic principles, namely by adopting an attitude of responsibility,working sincerely honestly, and having pure morals. However, there is also one Islamic work ethic that has been implemented by employees at the Olis Production House MSME, namely discipline and don’t value time.

This paper aims to investigate and analyze Moses' leadership character in a historical context and consider his relevance as a role model for modern leaders. By detailing various aspects of Moses' leadership, such as courage, perseverance, and vision, this paper provides an in-depth look at how Moses' leadership principles can be applied and adapted in the contemporary leadership environment. This research involves collecting data from historical sources and related literature to present a comprehensive analysis.

Legal protection and human rights for workers are basic rights guaranteed by the constitution. The impact of the development of information technology through online buying and selling has created new jobs such as expedited couriers. However, the lack of protection, especially regarding Occupational Safety and Health (OHS), creates inequality of rights for expedition courier workers. This research aims to explore the legal protection arrangements, especially in the aspect of OHS, for expedition courier workers, with reference to the principles of Pancasila justice. The research method uses a statutory and conceptual approach, with the collection of legal materials through literature studies with legal material analysis techniques used in this legal research is deduction reasoning. The principles of Pancasila justice require regulation in accordance with the values of Pancasila. The lack of regulations covering OHS for couriers results in inequality of rights and frequent work accidents. Therefore, revision of the Occupational Safety regulation needs to be carried out by prioritizing the values of Pancasila justice to ensure the safety of workers, including expedition couriers. The government needs to review the Occupational Safety Law to cover new types of work, such as gojek and expedition services, in accordance with the justice values of Pancasila as the Ideology of the Indonesian nation

This research is about the implementation of P5 (Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Student Project) at MI Ikhlasiyah Palembang. This study is a field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involve data collection, data presentation, verification, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results and discussions, the implementation of P5 at MI Ikhlasiyah Palembang has been carried out well through various learning activities with the aim of strengthening the Pancasila student profile and increasing knowledge and application of Pancasila ideals for students. In its implementation, students will participate in social activities related to the Pancasila ideals and receive comprehensive understanding of the Pancasila principles. This implementation can also improve the attitudes and behaviors of children.

This research examines the effectiveness of regional formation based on Law Number 8 of 2023 in order to support regional autonomy in Indonesia. The phenomenon of large-scale regional formation is quite worrying considering that many proposals are colored by the self-interest of the local elites who support them. Regional formation has only become a commodity of "political business" by local elites. "Hijacking" or manipulation of the formation of this area ultimately gave rise to many conflicts and problems at the local level, both in the expansion area itself and in its parent area. The method used in this study is a library research method or approach. The results and discussion of the research are in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, that Regional Governments have the authority to regulate and manage government affairs themselves according to the principles of autonomy and assistance duties. The granting of broad autonomy to regions is aimed at accelerating the realization of community welfare through improving services, empowerment and community participation.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

This research explores the role of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in modern governance systems, focusing on its application to contemporary issues in Muslim-majority societies. The study examines the challenges posed by traditional Islamic jurisprudence and its rigidity in addressing evolving social, political, and economic conditions. Specifically, it aims to assess how Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can enhance governance by promoting justice, public welfare, and the protection of rights, as well as offering an adaptable framework for legal reforms. The research employs a comparative literature review and thematic analysis, examining classical and contemporary texts to identify key themes related to the integration of Maqāṣid into governance. The main findings suggest that Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah provides a more flexible and responsive legal framework compared to traditional textual fiqh, especially in the context of modern governance challenges such as human rights, social justice, and public welfare. The study concludes that integrating Maqāṣid principles into contemporary Islamic governance can lead to more equitable and effective systems, enhancing social cohesion, economic stability, and the protection of human rights. Future research could explore specific case studies of Maqāṣid implementation in various governance contexts to further understand its practical applications.

This article explores in depth the theological view of Ephesians 4:11-16, which details the role of leadership in ministry in the midst of the dynamics of the digital age. This article provides a strong foundation for understanding the importance of leaders in the development and guidance of trust communities in the era of modern technology. By blending biblical analysis and contemporary perspectives, this article presents the idea that effective ministry leaders in the digital age need to find a balance between spiritual wisdom and technological understanding. Ephesians 4:11-16 opens the door to in-depth reflection on the role and responsibility of ministry leaders in facing the challenges and opportunities of the digital age. Today's leaders are required not only to have solid spiritual wisdom, but also a profound understanding of technology. They need to be able to guide the trust community through the ever-expanding digital world. This article suggests that ministry leaders should blend Bible principles with contemporary understanding of technology. Leaders who can respond wisely to social and technological dynamics will be better able to build and guide their communities. This balance creates room for spiritual growth while remaining connected to the reality of the digital world. Thus, this article stimulates thinking about how service leaders can be effective agents of change in the digital age, by combining intellectual wisdom and technological understanding to empower community beliefs towards sustainable relevance and impact.

Education is a conscious effort that is held to explore and develop human capabilities so that a transformation occurs, both in terms of knowledge, behavior, or norms that have been set. Islamic education is different from other education because its size does not only look good or bad. Islamic education must be based on the Koran, which in Islam functions as the main source of law. In addition, Islamic education must also be based on the hadith. The final achievement is that humans have skills in aspects of education that are in harmony with these two main sources of law. So, the final goal is not just to change behavior, or thinking power, but everything must be in tune with the guidance of the Koran and Hadith. Educational and teaching activities can achieve success if supported by good components. Among the main components is the method. That is the way that must be taken by a teacher in educating his soul so as to achieve goals that are in line with the guidance of the Qur'an and Sunnah. The use of appropriate methods will largely determine the outcome of the education and teaching process. Thus, educators must be skilled at choosing and using methods to match the material and teaching material. Not to forget, as educators need to pay attention to several principles in the use of methos,so that teaching methods will lead to successful teaching    

This article explores the complex relationship between biblical concepts and agriculture, suggesting that agriculture is more than just a physical endeavour but rather a spiritual journey that reflects humanity's relationship with the Creator and creation. It starts with the fundamental duty to care for the planet and looks at the consequences of human wrongdoing on our ecological relationship. The article goes on to explain community-based methods that integrate biblical principles with agricultural knowledge. These methods include counselling, job training, and field assistance. It also clarifies how social pedagogy can be incorporated into agricultural frameworks to improve interpersonal skills and community understanding. By means of a discourse analysis and outcome analysis, it highlights the numerous benefits of integrating Biblical ethos with agricultural methods, particularly in terms of enhancing social welfare and strengthening religious beliefs. In conclusion, it claims that.

This research critically evaluates the effectiveness of safety education within Indonesian multimodal transportation programs, focusing on promoting a culture of safety among cadets. Qualitative research methods were employed, involving 50 cadets studying various aspects of multimodal transportation, logistics, transportation safety, and law and road management. The study examines the cadets' understanding and application of safety principles, aiming to identify strengths and areas for improvement in safety education. The findings contribute to enhancing safety practices in the Indonesian transportation sector and serve as a foundation for future research and policy development.