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The management of educational institutions has a strategic role in determining the direction of growth and sustainability of the institution. The success of this management is highly dependent on the administrator's ability to analyze the external environment, understand the position of competitors, optimize internal potential, and formulate superior strategies that are able to maintain competitiveness without ignoring the fundamental values ​​of education. In this context, the application of marketing management becomes an important need. This study aims to analyze marketing management in increasing public trust in the Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School in Tulungagung. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusion/verification. The results of the study indicate that the marketing strategy of the Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School in Tulungagung in building public trust is implemented through four main elements: (1) Product – offering quality educational services with character strengthening, implementing the curriculum of the Ministry of National Education, Ministry of Religious Affairs, local content, and superior extracurricular programs; (2) Price – affordable registration and administration fees and adjusted to the economic conditions of the community; (3) Place – the location of the Islamic boarding school is strategic, easy to reach, and has a conducive learning environment; and (4) Promotion – conducted through visits to elementary schools, installation of promotional media (billboards, banners, brochures), publication of extracurricular achievements, and utilization of social media such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and the Islamic boarding school's official website.

This research explores the uniqueness and philosophy of the Bukit Rhema Chicken Church in Magelang, Central Java, which has an iconic pigeon-shaped architecture. Based on a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this study identifies the main functions of the Rhema Hill Church, its architectural design background, and its impact on the economic, cultural, and spiritual life of the surrounding community. The church was designed as a universal house of prayer that symbolizes peace and hope. Apart from being a place of worship, the Chicken Church also functions as a tourist destination, rehabilitation center, and symbol of tolerance between religious communities. Its impact includes improving the local economy through tourism, interfaith cultural integration, and strengthening the spiritual life of local communities. The results of this study reveal how the symbolism and design of the Bukit Rhema Church are able to create harmony between religious, educational, and tourism functions. These findings show that the existence of the Chicken Church is not only aesthetically valuable, but also plays an important role in strengthening local identity as well as encouraging sustainable social collaboration. In addition, the existence of educational facilities and a reflection room in the building also provides a more immersive spiritual experience for visitors, so that the Bukit Rhema Church becomes an inclusive space for various groups.

Biosecurity is a key concept in maintaining livestock health, directly influencing productivity by minimizing the risks of infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study aimed to assess the implementation level of the three biosecurity components conceptual, structural, and operational on layer chicken farms and their surrounding environment in Sangatta, East Kutai Regency. The research was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 using purposive sampling, with criteria including a minimum population of 1,000 chickens, at least two years of operation, a basic understanding of biosecurity, and being in the productive phase. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires based on a Likert scale to evaluate farmers’ responses. A total of 10 farmers participated in this study. The results showed that the overall implementation of biosecurity reached 49.6%, categorized as moderate. Meanwhile, 27.6% of respondents demonstrated a low level of understanding of biosecurity, which was higher than those with good understanding (22.6%). These findings indicate that biosecurity practices among layer chicken farmers in Sangatta are moderately applied, but awareness and comprehension still need to be improved.

Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi pendidikan karakter oleh Penyuluh dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan Budi Pekerti di SMP Negeri 2 Sumowono. Fokus penelitian meliputi strategi pengajaran, metode penyampaian nilai karakter, tantangan, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Metode kualitatif digunakan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil menunjukkan pendidikan karakter diterapkan melalui lima elemen utama yaitu Sejarah, Keagungan Tuhan, Budi Pekerti, Martabat Spiritual, Larangan dan Kewajiban dengan metode interaktif seperti diskusi kelompok, ceramah inspiratif, dan praktik langsung (role-play) untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter dan keteladanan Penyuluh. Faktor pendukung berupa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, keterlibatan orang tua, dan lingkungan sekolah yang kondusif, sedangkan penghambat meliputi keterbatasan sarana, waktu, dan pengaruh negatif pergaulan. Dampak positif terlihat pada peningkatan kejujuran, kedisiplinan, kesantunan, dan toleransi siswa. Kesimpulannya, pendidikan karakter berhasil membentuk peserta didik penghayat kepercayaan berakhlak mulia, namun perlu upaya berkelanjutan untuk mengatasi hambatan dan memperkuat kolaborasi sekolah, orang tua, dan masyarakat.

Orang tua memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan anak, baik dari segi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Tindakan bullying sering kali dialami oleh anak-anak di lingkungan sekolah, tidak terkecuali dengan peserta didik penghayat yang mengakibatkan kurangnya rasa percaya diri. Maka dari itu, peserta didik penghayat yang mendapatkan bullying sudah pasti membutuhkan dukungan dari orang-orang terdekat, yaitu orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik penghayat Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa di Kabupaten Tegal melalui pendekatan kognitif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari empat orang tua dan empat peserta didik penghayat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang tua memainkan peran penting sebagai pendidik, motivator, fasilitator, dan pembimbing dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak. Pendekatan kognitif yang diterapkan, seperti komunikasi terbuka, pembentukan pola pikir positif, dan pemberian pujian, terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan rasa percaya diri anak. Namun, orang tua menghadapi kendala seperti stigma sosial, kurangnya pemahaman tentang pendekatan kognitif, dan keterbatasan pendidikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dukungan orang tua yang konsisten dan lingkungan yang inklusif sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik penghayat.

This study examines the influence of Instagram on college students' lifestyles, focusing on the discrepancy between reality and expectations formed on social media. Instagram has become an important part of college students' lives, not only as a means of communication but also as a medium for constructing self-identity and social image. Through photo and video uploads, many students strive to project an ideal life filled with happiness and success, although this does not always align with reality. This phenomenon gives rise to social pressure, self-dissatisfaction, and a tendency towards a consumerist lifestyle driven by the desire to conform to popular trends. However, Instagram also has a positive side. If used wisely, this medium can be a source of inspiration, learning, and creativity development for students. Therefore, Instagram's influence on college students' lifestyles is largely determined by the user's level of awareness and maturity in balancing the virtual world and real life.

The ambiguity of the concept of state economic loss in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Corruption Crime Law (Tipikor Law) has yet to be defined normatively or by an official institution with the authority to do so. This uncertainty has given rise to legal problems in law enforcement, especially after Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016, which changed the qualification of corruption offenses to material offenses, so that the proof of economic loss to the state must be actual loss. However, in practice, as in the Surya Darmadi corruption case, law enforcement officials still face difficulties in determining the measure and method of proving economic loss to the state in a lawful manner. The issues in this study are the basis for the judge's consideration of the element of economic loss to the state in the Central Jakarta District Court Decision No. 62/Pid.Sus-TPK/2022/PN.Jkt.Pst and the obstacles and constraints in proving the element of economic loss to the state in criminal acts of corruption.This study uses a normative legal method with a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the first-level panel of judges assessed that environmental damage and the loss of potential state revenue due to the illegal conversion of forest areas were part of the actual economic loss to the state, while the Supreme Court emphasized the importance of limiting this element to actual loss in accordance with Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016. The obstacles and constraints in proving the element of state economic loss in corruption crimes stem from internal and external factors that are interrelated and affect the effectiveness of law enforcement.

The rapid growth of open-source software (OSS) in machine learning (ML) has intensified the need for reliable, automated methods to assess project quality, particularly as OSS increasingly underpins critical applications in science, industry, and public infrastructure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a diverse set of machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms for classifying GitHub OSS ML projects as engineered or non-engineered using a SMOTE-enhanced and explainable modeling pipeline. The dataset used in this research includes both numerical and categorical attributes representing documentation, testing, architecture, community engagement, popularity, and repository activity. After handling missing values, standardizing numerical features, encoding categorical variables, and addressing the inherent class imbalance using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), seven different classifiers—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a Deep Neural Network (DNN)—were trained and evaluated. Results show that LR (84%) and DNN (85%) outperform all other models, indicating that both linear and moderately deep non-linear architectures can effectively capture key quality indicators in OSS ML projects. Additional explainability analysis using SHAP reveals consistent feature importance across models, with documentation quality, unit testing practices, architectural clarity, and repository dynamics emerging as the strongest predictors. These findings demonstrate that automated, explainable ML/DL-based quality assessment is both feasible and effective, offering a practical pathway for improving OSS sustainability, guiding contributor decisions, and enhancing trust in ML-based systems that depend on open-source components.

Constitutionalism plays a fundamental role in limiting state power and ensuring that government authority operates within ethical, legal, and democratic boundaries. Indonesia and Thailand offer two contrasting examples of constitutional development in Southeast Asia. Following the 1998 Reform era, Indonesia successfully strengthened mechanisms of checks and balances through the establishment of the Constitutional Court, decentralization reforms, and the empowerment of independent oversight bodies. In contrast, Thailand has experienced repeated cycles of military intervention, where post-coup constitutions have served not as tools to restrict state power, but rather as instruments legitimizing centralized authority and military dominance.This article synthesizes existing scholarly literature and identifies critical research gaps related to constitutionalism studies in both countries. First, there remains a scarcity of long-term empirical and quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of constitutional limitations on executive, legislative, and judicial power. Second, current research has insufficiently examined informal political practices, including patronage networks, oligarchic influence, and military entrenchment within state institutions. Third, comparative constitutional studies covering the 2014–2025 period remain limited, particularly in assessing post-authoritarian and post-coup constitutional dynamics.The findings of this review highlight the need for deeper interdisciplinary research, integrating political science, legal studies, and institutional analysis to better understand the evolving nature of constitutionalism in Southeast Asia.

This study explores the ethics of teachers in a global context by comparing the professionalism of educators in Finland and madrasah teachers in Indonesia. The research aims to identify key ethical principles and practices that define teacher professionalism in these distinct educational settings. Employing qualitative methods including literature review and interviews with educators from both countries, the study highlights similarities and differences in ethical standards, pedagogical approaches, and cultural influences. Findings reveal that while Finnish teachers emphasize autonomy, democratic values, and continuous professional development, Indonesian madrasah teachers integrate religious ethics alongside pedagogical professionalism. The study discusses implications for improving teacher training and ethical guidelines to enhance educational quality and foster intercultural understanding. This comparative analysis contributes to the global discourse on teacher ethics by providing insights into how cultural and institutional contexts shape professional values and responsibilities in education.  

Growth resulting from chronic hunger from birth to two years of age is called stunting. Children who experience stunting are more susceptible to problems related to their cognitive and motor development, as well as an increased risk of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the prevalence of stunting in toddlers in the service area of ​​the Krueng Barona Jaya Community Health Center. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal knowledge and child stunting. Quantitative research using cross-sectional and correlational methodologies. A sample of 59 respondents was selected using a proportional sampling design technique. The time period for this investigation was May 8-16, 2025. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis. The research data were collected using a closed questionnaire paradigm with multiple-choice questions, and the Chi-Square test was used for analysis. A P-value of 0.047 (P < 0.05) indicates a relationship between maternal knowledge and the prevalence of stunting in toddlers in the work area of ​​the Krueng Barona Jaya Community Health Center. Research shows a link between stunting in toddlers and maternal knowledge. Stunting is more likely to affect toddlers born to mothers with less knowledge than those with more knowledge. Mothers of toddlers are advised to receive regular counseling and educational materials to raise awareness and reduce the prevalence of stunting.  

Pacing tawar is one of many plants used in alternative medicine. Pacing tawar is often used as an ingredient in herbal remedies for various ailments. Pacing leaves are effective as a remedy for itching, insect bites, and hair growth. This study aims to identify the presence and class of secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of pacing tawar leaves to find bioactive compounds that have the potential to have pharmacological and therapeutic activities. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent until a thick extract was obtained. Next, phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The test results showed that the extract of pacing tawar leaves was positive for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, and negative for flavonoids. The alkaloid test showed a dark pink color change, the saponin test produced a 2 cm high foam for 30 seconds, the tannin test produced a dark green color, and the steroid test showed a faint red ring. Based on these results, it can be concluded that freshwater pacing leaves contain various bioactive compounds that have the potential to be developed as natural medicinal ingredients.

The wild ginger leaves (Costus speciosus) is used by the community as a traditional medicine, with its rhizome being utilized as an antipyretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, tannins and saponins. This research aims to identify saponin compounds and characterize the moisture content and ash content in the ethanol extract of the white costus (Costus speciosus) leaves. The white costus leaves sample was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extraction yielded a rendemen value of 13.3%. Non-specific characterization tests included moisture content and ash content. The results for the moisture content of the white costus leaf simplicia were 3.3%, which meets the quality requirement of not more than 10% according to Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 32 of 2019. The ash content test result for the simplicia was 0.97%, which also meets the standard requirement of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, which is less than 10.7%. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the types of compounds contained in the extract. Based on the phytochemical screening results, the 96% ethanol extract of white costus leaves positively contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids.

This community service research aims to improve the knowledge and skills of Generation Z in Blitar City in organizing funeral prayers according to Islamic law. This activity is motivated by the low understanding of the younger generation regarding the procedures for performing funeral prayers, even though it is part of the fardhu kifayah obligation that should be understood by every Muslim. Through this training activity, it is hoped that Generation Z will have theoretical and practical skills in performing funeral prayers correctly and raise awareness of the importance of social and spiritual responsibility in community life. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) by actively involving participants in two stages of activities, namely providing material on the laws, pillars, and prayers of funeral prayers, as well as direct practice of its implementation guided by competent speakers. The results of the study showed that this training went well and received a positive response from the participants. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, there was an average increase in knowledge scores of 42%, which indicates a significant increase in the understanding and skills of participants. Participants were able to explain the pillars, valid conditions, and procedures for funeral prayers correctly. In addition to increasing knowledge, this activity also strengthens religious values, social responsibility, and spiritual awareness among the younger generation. Therefore, this training is effective in shaping a Generation Z that is knowledgeable, moral, and committed to the teachings of Islam in its entirety.

This article discusses how the people of Efule village can maintain diversity in their local culture. Community development based on local culture is a development strategy that places local wisdom as the basis of values, knowledge, and various practices in the community empowerment process. The purpose of this study is to explain the local cultural values that can be integrated into community development efforts in order to achieve inclusive and sustainable development . The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research with a participatory approach through direct interviews and literature studies on various local community development practices. The results of the study indicate that local culture plays an important role in shaping social interaction patterns and support mechanisms for empowerment programs. In addition, the involvement of traditional and community leaders in the application of values such as mutual cooperation and social solidarity has been proven to strengthen a sense of ownership and collective responsibility for development. Integration into local culture in development policies needs to be maintained as a form of development.

This study aims to analyze the influence of student organizations, role conflict, and self-regulation on student academic achievement. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research sample consisted of 200 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Surabaya(Unesa) who are active in student organizations. Data collection was conducted through distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale. Data analysis used multiple linear regression, accompanied by tests of validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The results showed that student organizations have a positive effect on student academic achievement. Role conflict has a negative effect on achievement. And self-regulation has a positive effect on academic achievement. All three variables simultaneously have a significant effect on academic achievement. The results of this study confirm that involvement in student organizations can have a positive impact on academic achievement if combined with strong self-regulation skills and effective role conflict management. Therefore, developing self-regulation skills and time management training should be part of student organization development programs in higher education.

The form of historicization in literary criminology views criminality as the result of power relations, unequal social structures, and history. Criminal acts in historicization are always placed in a specific time and place context, tracing how a behavior is considered “criminal” or “against the law” depending on the historical construction formed by the legal system, the state, and the rulers. Historicization also reveals that what is referred to as crime is not absolute, but can change according to historical developments and power struggles. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of criminalization in the novel Lampuki, which is not merely an individual deviant act, but a reflection of historical trauma and a flawed social structure. The approach used is literary sociology. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with reading and note-taking techniques obtained from the novel Lampuki by Arafat Nur in the form of sentences and paragraphs. The results of the study show that there are seven data points that fall under the form of criminalization of history. From the seven data points, three findings were generalized and discovered in Arafat Nur novel Lampuki, namely: (1) transgenerational trauma of violence, (2) the destruction of the socio-cultural structure, and (3) dark figure of crime.

The Loro Dirma Traditional House in Sanleo Village is an important representation of the culture of the indigenous people and is the center of the formation of social, spiritual, and local wisdom identities. This study aims to: (1) describe the structure and architecture of the Loro Dirma Traditional House, and (2) analyze the symbolic meaning contained therein in the context of the life of the indigenous people. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and the local community. The results of the study indicate that the Loro Dirma architecture is full of philosophy that reflects the values ​​of unity, respect for ancestors, and the concept of balance between humans, nature, and the Creator. In addition, the function of Loro Dirma has undergone a transformation, from a traditional residence to a center for traditional activities, a space for deliberation, the implementation of religious ceremonies, and a medium for educating cultural values ​​for the younger generation. However, the study found challenges in preservation efforts, such as limited traditional raw materials, changes in community lifestyles, and the declining interest of the younger generation in local culture. Therefore, collaboration between local governments, indigenous communities, and educational institutions is needed to document, revitalize, and integrate Loro Dirma cultural values ​​into formal and non-formal curricula to ensure their sustainability.

This researcher aims to improve student learning activity in history subjects of class X SMK Arnoldus Betun through the application of the memory board game method. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how to apply the memory board game method to improve student learning activity in history subjects and what is the impact of applying the memory board game method to improve student learning activity in history subjects. This researcher uses a classroom action research (CAR) method consisting of three cycles. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection instruments used are observation sheets and student learning interest questionnaires. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning interest after the application of the memory board game method. In the second cycle, the average student learning activity was at 60%, and increased gradually to reach 86% in the third cycle. The discussion of these results shows that the memory board game method is not only able to increase student learning activity, but also facilitates collaboration, active participation, and student creativity in the history learning process. Thus, it can be concluded that the memory board game method is effective in increasing the active learning of history among 10th-grade students at Arnoldus Betun Vocational School.

Learning is a process of interaction between students, educators, and learning resources in a learning environment. The effectiveness of learning is greatly influenced by the teacher's ability to manage the class. At SDI Manumuti, a third-grade teacher demonstrated good classroom management in thematic learning, especially on the theme of caring for living things. Classroom management is an important factor in creating a conducive learning atmosphere so that the learning process can take place optimally. This study aims to explore more deeply the role of teachers in managing the class in thematic learning. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and interviews, while data analysis was carried out inductively through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that teachers play an important role in creating and maintaining conducive classroom conditions. These efforts are carried out through two main strategies. First, teachers prioritize three aspects in learning, namely: (1) strengthening character education through discussion activities that encourage students to appear in front of the class, thereby fostering self-confidence, discipline, and activeness; (2) strengthening literacy through reading materials or stories related to the theme at the beginning of the meeting; and (3) the application of 4C skills (Creative, Critical thinking, Communicative, and Collaborative) through varied learning activities, including learning outside the classroom to avoid boredom. Second, teachers often use discussion methods to train students to express opinions, speak in front of the class, and work together. This method is considered effective in building students' self-confidence and social skills.