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This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

This learning media aims to develop and improve elementary school students' learning. This media is a development media that uses meta analysis methods. One of the problems in education is the minimum media facilities and infrastructure, so teachers are required to be creative in improving the quality of learning in the classroom, such as developing learning media in the classroom. An interesting learning media that can overcome students' boredom in learning activities is game-based learning activities, such as the application of the snakes and ladders game media. Children at the elementary level have a tendency to play. A fun and relaxed situation will help children to increase their interest in learning. The development of learning media in the form of the snakes and ladders game has the impact of providing discourse about alternative teaching media for elementary level. It is hoped that the use of this learning media can improve the quality of teaching and learning activities at the basic level.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

This study aims to understand the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) on mathematical representation in students using Geogebra and model discovery learning in X SMAS Tamansiswa Singosari. It uses quasi-experimental research with purposive sampling and control group design. The results show that all data is normal and homogeneous, with a  value of 4.71>2.03. The study also reveals that the overall learning process for experimental students is better than that of control students.

Collaborative learning is learning that involves students by forming small groups that work together to solve problems that aim to encourage students to play an active role and be able to think critically during learning. The characteristics of the collaborative learning model are considered to be able to train students' stimulus so that it can train and improve students' critical thinking skills. Collaborative learning is expected to be able to improve thinking skills and high thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills. Based on the results of the articles we have reviewed, it shows that collaborative learning that is applied can significantly provide benefits in improving thinking skills. However, there are some challenges that must be addressed such as time management of collaborative learning implementation and ensuring that all students get the same opportunity as other students.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.  

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

The main problem in this research is the lack of short story writing skills in class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. So the researchers used Bolding media (rolling balls). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Bolding media (rolling balls) on the short story writing skills of class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of Pre-Experimental Design. The data source in this research was 15 class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. Data collection was carried out using the results of the assessment of short story writing skills. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, researchers found that student learning outcomes before using Bolding (rolling ball) learning media were relatively low, namely the average score of the Pre-test results was 58 .33, then the average value of the Post-test results is 85.67. After obtaining tCount 9.223 and tTable 2.14479, we get tCount > tTable or 9.223>2.14479. Based on the results of tCount and tTable, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of Bolding (rolling ball) learning media is effective on short story writing skills for class V elementary school. Presidential Instruction for Parang Village, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency.

The main problem in this research is whether the outdoor learning method has an influence on the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students. This research aims to determine the effect of applying outdoor learning methods on the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this research was 11 class IV SDI Sorobaya students. Data collection was carried out using the results of the descriptive essay writing assessment. The data obtained was then explained using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, the author found that student learning outcomes before using outdoor learning methods were classified as low, namely the average score of the pre-test results was 41.27. The average value of the post test results is 67.27. After obtaining Tcount 4.579 and Ttable 2.228, we get tCount > tTable or 4.579 > 2.228. Based on the results of the calculated t and t table, it can be concluded that the use of outdoor learning methods influences the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students.

Researchers conducted research at SDN 04 Birugo based on the difficulty of slow learner students in understanding the lessons being taught. Slow learner children have difficulty reading so the tasks given by teachers to slow learner children cannot answer the tasks given by PAI teachers. This research aims to determine the problems of learning Islamic Religious Education among Slow Learner students at SDN 04 Birugo. This problem is researched using descriptive qualitative research methods which aim to describe and analyze phenomena and events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, thoughts of people individually and in groups using field research. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The key informants in this research were the class IV Islamic Religious Education teacher at SDN 04 Birugo and the supporting informants for class IV slow learner students. To analyze the data, researchers grouped it based on existing problems. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers, the results show that slow learner students tend to feel inferior and consider themselves to be an obstacle to the learning process for other friends. Feelings of inferiority are seen in slow learner students at the stage of understanding lessons and completing assignments. There are two factors that cause difficulties in reading, writing and memorizing, namely the classroom environment and outside the classroom. Boredom occurs because they are not really serious about learning, but from the problems that occurred there were 3 slow learner students whose problems were slightly more resolved.

There are still many teachers who carry out learning activities that only pursue the quantity aspect of the material. Teachers usually try to convey all the subject matter even in a limited time, thus ignoring the learning process carried out by students. This is not recommended. Learning should not be limited to emphasizing the fulfillment of the quantity of subject matter but must strive to achieve the quality side. Thus the PGSD Adi Buana lecturer team provided assistance to teachers in Gresik district to optimize their competence in designing and compiling learning hots based on independent learning. The method used in the implementation of this community service is a problem-based approach. The results of training and capacity show an increase in the knowledge of skills and abilities of teachers in designing and compiling learning hots based on independent learning. This is indicated by the learning tools collected by the teacher after the mentoring is complete. Teachers are able to arrange learning activities that are able to activate students, provide learning alternatives for students and optimize the competencies possessed by students.

This research aims to determine the influence of students' learning activities on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts through the STEAM Learning Approach Makerspace model based on PBL on SPLDV materials. As for the type of research Quasi-Experiments. The population in this study was 90 students who were distributed into 3 classes with 2 classes that sampled grades VIII A and VIII C. The sampling techniques in this study used randomized classes and data collection techniques in this study were tests and observations, while the research instruments used preliminary tests and final tests to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and observation sheets to see students' learning activities. Data analysis techniques using a two-way ANOVA test. The research showed that there is an influence of the PBL-based Makerspace STEAM Learning Approach model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts, there is no influence on students' learning activities on mathematical concept comprehension capabilities, and there is no interaction between the PBL-based Stem Learning Approach Makerspace model and student learning activities on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Conclusion, there is a positive direct effect of cognitive structures on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts.

This research is aimed at finding out and analyzing the role of the Oral Arabic program in developing Arabic language skills for new students of the Arabic Language Education study program at the Indonesian University of Education. This program was held based on the problem of differences in the backgrounds of students, some of whom have not or have never studied Arabic, which hinders these students from understanding the learning in class. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The resource person in this research is one of the new students who is taking part in the Oral Arabic program. From this research, data was obtained regarding the Arabic Oral Program, such as the number of students and educators, the purpose of the program, the teaching materials used, and the obstacles faced during the learning process.