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Digitalization has been a key catalyst for change in the global business landscape, driving the transformation of companies' strategies, organizational structures, and operational models. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), digital technology opens up great opportunities to expand market reach and compete in the international arena more effectively. Technologies such as e-commerce, social media, big data analytics, and cloud-based platforms enable SMEs to break through geographical boundaries, facilitate access to global customers, and accelerate product distribution and marketing processes. This paper explores the current academic literature that discusses the influence of digital technology on the internationalization of SMEs. A total of five relevant studies were analyzed to identify common patterns, challenges, and successful strategies in the use of digital technology. The results of the study show that the adoption of digitalization not only improves operational cost efficiency, but also encourages business model innovation, such as digital platform-based marketing, cross-border virtual collaboration, and the development of a more adaptive global business ecosystem. In addition, the ability to utilize digital technology gives SMEs a competitive advantage through access to real-time market information, personalization of offers, and more targeted branding strategies. However, the research also found obstacles, such as limited human resources, technological infrastructure, and digital literacy among SMEs. Therefore, synergy is needed between business actors, the government, and academia to support the acceleration of digital technology adoption through training, mentoring, and policies that support innovation. The paper also highlights future research opportunities, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, automation, and blockchain in supporting the global expansion of SMEs. These findings are expected to be a strategic reference in designing sustainable internationalization policies in the digital era.

Distribution is the process of moving, managing, and storing goods from suppliers to customers in the supply chain. This process includes not only the delivery of raw materials from suppliers to manufacturers, but also the distribution of finished products to the end consumer. Distribution plays an important role in a company's profitability because it affects operational costs, delivery efficiency, and perceived value by customers. Successful well-managed distribution will increase customer satisfaction and strengthen the company's competitiveness in the market. PT. XYZ is one of the LPG distributors that provides 3 kg cylinders. This company serves a variety of consumers, ranging from households, small businesses, to retailers, with a coverage of distribution areas in Serang City. The distribution process is carried out based on sales orders and needs in 14 bases, where each base has a different level of demand according to consumer needs. However, PT. XYZ faces obstacles in achieving the optimal level of service, where the average service level only reaches 97.40%. An imbalance between inventory and demand at the base often leads to an oversupply or understock, resulting in backorders on some demands. This condition has a negative impact on customer satisfaction and overall distribution effectiveness. To overcome this problem, PT. XYZ developed a distribution dashboard by applying the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) method. Through this approach, distribution planning becomes more systematic, base needs can be met appropriately, and stocks can be managed more effectively. This dashboard also supports delivery scheduling and more coordinated marketing activities. The results of the implementation of the DRP dashboard in 2023 show a significant increase with a service level that has successfully reached 99%, minimizing backorders, and increasing customer trust and satisfaction.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on various sectors of life, including micro-enterprises such as meatball stalls. Amidst increasingly fierce competition and the need for operational efficiency, many micro-enterprises are shifting from manual management systems to digital systems. This study aims to explain the background, objectives, and benefits of utilizing information technology in managing meatball stalls, with a focus on the implementation of the Odoo application as a business management solution. Odoo is an open-source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system that offers various functional modules such as Point of Sale (POS), inventory management, accounting, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Through the implementation of Odoo, meatball stalls can manage various operational aspects in an integrated manner, from recording sales transactions, managing raw material stock, financial reporting, to customer relations. The results of this technology implementation show significant improvements in data recording accuracy, service speed, and ease of decision-making based on accurate and real-time data. In addition, this technology also provides opportunities for stall owners to develop their businesses more professionally and competitively. Thus, the integration of information technology like Odoo not only improves efficiency and productivity but also contributes to economic growth by strengthening the micro-enterprise sector. This digital transformation is expected to be a strategic step in realizing a modern meatball stall that can compete in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze interest rate risk management in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that use People's Business Credit (KUR) facilities, with a case study at the Kari Water Drinking Water Depot in Kulim District, Pekanbaru City. Fluctuations in interest rates are one of the financial risks that can affect the continuity of MSME businesses, especially in terms of the ability to pay credit obligations. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Kari Water Depot faces financial risks due to interest rate fluctuations, operational risks related to water distribution and quality, and legal risks due to drinking water quality regulations. The application of risk management based on ISO 31000 has been proven to help in the process of systematic risk identification, analysis, and mitigation. The mitigation strategy through investment in Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology is considered effective because it can improve product quality and operational efficiency. However, the success of this strategy is greatly influenced by the readiness of human resources, access to financing, and mature risk planning. This study recommends the importance of risk management training for MSMEs and policy support in the form of access to affordable funding and environmentally friendly technology to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs amidst economic dynamics.

This study focuses on developing a web-based Research and Community Service Information System (SIPPMAS) for Politeknik Takumi Bekasi, utilizing the Waterfall methodology. The aim is to create an integrated platform that streamlines the management of research and community service activities, from proposal submission and budget allocation to project execution and final reporting. The Waterfall method was chosen for its structured, sequential approach, ensuring a systematic development process through distinct phases: requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This approach is expected to enhance data accuracy, improve operational efficiency, and provide real-time project monitoring, ultimately facilitating better collaboration among stakeholders and increasing the overall impact of research and community service initiatives at Politeknik Takumi Bekasi. The system is designed to address current manual administrative challenges, offering a centralized and accessible solution for all users.

This study aims to determine the effect of Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Operational Efficiency on Financial Performance in the Conventional Banking Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019-2023. The research method used is quantitative using secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely the annual financial reports of conventional banks. The sampling technique was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The analysis was carried out with credit risk using the Net Performing Loan (NPL) ratio, liquidity risk using the Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) ratio, operational efficiency using the Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) ratio and financial performance was measured using Return On Assets (ROA). The results of the study showed that partially the credit risk variable had a significant negative effect on financial performance, liquidity risk did not have a significant effect on financial performance, operational efficiency did not have a significant effect on financial performance. Simultaneously, credit risk, liquidity risk, operational efficiency had a significant effect on financial performance.

Digitalization has become the driving force behind transformation in the logistics sector, particularly at seaports, which serve as key nodes in the global supply chain. Indonesian ports face persistent challenges such as high logistics costs and long vessel turnaround times. By implementing digital technologies such as the Port Community System (PCS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain, ports can enhance operational efficiency, accelerate service processes, and improve transparency and accountability. Digital systems also enable real-time integration among stakeholders, contributing to faster cargo flow and reduced national logistics costs. However, the implementation of digitalization is not without significant barriers, including limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, low digital competencies among the workforce, and high initial investment costs. Furthermore, ports face organizational cultural resistance to change and cybersecurity risks that threaten operational continuity. Smaller ports in developing countries often struggle to adopt these technologies independently due to budget constraints. To overcome these challenges, synergy between the government, port operators, and technology providers is essential. Programs such as the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) represent a strategic step to accelerate sustainable digital adoption. With a holistic approach encompassing technology, human resources, and business processes, digitalization can become a key catalyst in enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian ports on a global scale.

A 300 kVA generator set is an important tool as a backup power source in many sectors. Manual monitoring of generator set performance is often inefficient and can cause delays in detecting problems. Various advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology have enabled the design of remote monitoring systems to overcome these limitations. This study aims to develop an IoT-based monitoring tool capable of monitoring important generator set parameters such as voltage, current, power, and engine temperature in real-time. This will enhance generator set management efficiency and reduce the risk of damage. The method used is an experimental approach involving the creation of an IoT-based monitoring system prototype. Operational data from the generator set is collected using sensors and then transmitted to an IoT platform for analysis. This research uses PZEM-004T sensors to monitor parameters such as power, current, and voltage. RTD PT100 sensors monitor parameters such as engine temperature, oil temperature, and turbo temperature. Honeywell PX3 sensors monitor oil pressure. Honeywell 1GT101DC sensors monitor engine speed. The results of the study show that the device works well with an average error of 0.76% from the sensors used. The greater the distance between the Wi-Fi modem and the device, the slower the data response speed.

Baggage handling is a crucial aspect of airline operations, including the lost and found unit, which handles lost, damaged, exchanged, and found baggage issues. At Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, these issues remain common. This study aims to analyze the performance of Citilink's lost and found officers in handling various baggage issues and evaluate the unit's productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. The method used was descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach, collecting data through observation, semi-structured interviews with officers, and documenting operational procedures and baggage handling reports. The results indicate that lost and found officers play a crucial role in post-flight service, from receiving reports to providing compensation. Although procedures are carried out according to SOPs, obstacles such as a lack of manpower and a manual reporting system slow down the process. Officer performance is quite good, but efficiency improvements and the use of technology are needed, such as further training and a modern baggage tracking system.  

 The increasing use of electric vehicles in last-mile logistics distribution demands efficient and strategic charging infrastructure. This study aims to determine the optimal location for electric vehicle charging stations in Semarang City using the Set Covering Problem approach. A total of 17 last-mile distribution points operated by a logistics company were analyzed based on geographic data consisting of latitude and longitude coordinates, which were then processed into a distance matrix using the Euclidean formula. The optimization model was developed under the constraint of the electric vehicle’s maximum coverage radius and solved using binary linear programming. The analysis revealed that a single charging station located in Central Semarang is sufficient to cover all distribution points spread across the city. These findings reinforce the efficiency of the set covering approach in infrastructure planning and offer practical implications for logistics companies to optimize resources, minimize investment costs, and improve operational efficiency.

Methane gas detection is crucial in the oil and gas sector to enhance safety and operational efficiency. This study examines the impact of three types of gas detectors—catalytic, infrared, and ultrasonic sensors—on accuracy and response time. The research was conducted at PT PHM's onshore and offshore sites to evaluate sensor performance in operational environments. A quantitative approach with direct field observation was used. Data were collected by measuring methane gas concentrations indicated by detectors, which were then compared to standard gas concentrations. Response times were recorded when the detectors were exposed to methane concentrations of 2.5% LEL until the alarm triggered at 40% of full scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, normality test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests. The results show that the infrared detector had a response time of 2.87 seconds with an accuracy of 0.218%. The catalytic detector had a response time of 8.91 seconds and accuracy of 0.489% and the ultrasonic detector had a response time of 6.15 seconds and accuracy of 0.842%. Overall, the infrared detector demonstrated the best performance in response time and is recommended for use at PT PHM.

The increasingly rapid development of digital technology is pushing MSMEs to adapt to change to remain competitive in the market. One strategic step that can be taken is to adopt a Management Information Sistem (SIM) to support information management, accelerate decision-making processes, and improve business efficiency. This article examines how MSMEs can optimize the use of MIS in their business activities, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and appropriate implementation strategies. The analysis shows that MSMEs' digital capabilities, human resource training, and the availability of technological infrastructure are critical components in supporting the successful optimization of MIS in the digital era.  

Engine overheating is a critical condition that can cause damage to internal components, reduce operational efficiency, and lead to overall system failure. The absence of an automatic protection system is one of the primary factors contributing to damage. This study aims to design and test a temperature sensor-based safety device that can automatically cut off the engine's working system when the temperature exceeds the safe limit. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis to evaluate the effect of independent variables (operational time duration and workload) on the dependent variable (coolant temperature). The system was tested through water heating simulation using an electric heater and controlled by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a MAX6675 temperature sensor. Testing was carried out with variations in power load (150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 Watts) and operational duration (20, 40, and 60 minutes). Temperature data were collected and analyzed using ANOVA to determine the effect of load and time on temperature increase. The results showed that the temperature increased significantly with increasing power load, with temperatures approaching 100°C at loads ≥450 Watts in less than 20 minutes. The load variable shows a significant effect on temperature (p < 0.05), while the duration of time shows a nonlinear but not statistically significant upward trend. The safety device is proven to be able to automatically disconnect the system when the temperature reaches the specified maximum limit, thus effectively preventing engine damage due to overheating.

Hospital Information Sistems (HIS) integrating Decision Support Sistem (DSS) modules have been proposed to enhance operational efficiency and clinical decision-making in hospital settings. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 80 empirical articles published between January 2020 and May 2025, following PRISMA guidelines, to examine how DSS integration within HIS supports managerial and clinical decisions. Findings indicate that DSS integration improves patient registration speed by an average of 25, reduces medication errors by up to 15, and facilitates resource allocation and performance monitoring via analytic dashboards. Organizational resistance and inadequate IT infrastructure remain significant barriers. These results underscore the importance of designing user-friendly dashboards, implementing transparent inference engines, and adopting comprehensive change management strategies. The study extends the Technology Acceptance Model with a perceived risk construct and offers practical recommendations for developers and hospital managers aiming to optimize HIS–DSS implementation.

The study aims to evaluate the flow of material in the handling process and the quality control measures implemented throughout the production stages. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing primary data collected through direct observation, interviews, and secondary data from relevant literature. The findings indicate that the IQF method significantly preserves the quality and freshness of the shrimp, ensuring compliance with international export standards. The study also identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) related to the company's operations, highlighting the importance of maintaining high-quality raw materials and efficient production processes. Recommendations for improving quality control practices and enhancing operational efficiency are provided, emphasizing the need for continuous training and investment in modern technology.

The effectiveness of accounting information systems (AIS) plays a crucial role in sup-porting the smooth recording, processing, and reporting of reliable and timely finan-cial information. AIS effectiveness is a key concern for cooperative managers in en-hancing operational efficiency and decision-making quality. This study aims to empiri-cally examine how work experience, educational background, and managerial support influence the effectiveness of AIS implementation. The research was conducted at savings and loan cooperatives operating in the South Kuta District. The sampling method used was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique, and data were collected from 54 cooperative employees. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to process the data. The results indicate that work experience, education level, and managerial support have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of AIS implementation. These findings suggest that the higher the em-ployees’ work experience and education, and the stronger the support from manage-ment, the more effective the AIS implementation within the cooperative environ-ment.

The rapid growth of the Muslim population, both in Indonesia and globally, has driven an increasing need for products to support worship, including Muslim socks. PT Soka Cipta Niaga (PT SCN), a producer of Muslim socks under the brand "SOKA", faces the challenge of low brand awareness, where consumers are more familiar with the product as "wudu socks". This research aims to analyze effective marketing strategies for the "SOKA" brand. The research results show that social media-based promotional strategies, such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn, are able to reach potential consumers more widely. In addition, activities such as bazaars, Muslim seminars, and Collaboration with Hajj and Umrah organizers has proven effective in expanding the market. The momentum of Ramadan and the Hajj season is a strategic time to increase sales.

The implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) makes many businesses manage information, goods, services and money as good as possible so they can provide fast and high-quality services to customers. Therefore, this study aims to implement SCM in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs to decrease production costs, increase revenue, improve operational efficiency and establish good relationships with customers. This study discusses the SCM process and the added value in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs so in the future Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs can have good risk management and increase added value. The data was collected through literature study and interviewing the owner of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. This study found that weather, natural disasters, fires and coffee pests are the factors with the highest risk in the SCM process of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. The added value of farmers & post-harvest coffee processors of Kopi Bintang Salatiga Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs is already quite high at 99%, while at grade I coffee sales is 71% and grade II is 47% it appears that coffee with grade II has lower added value, so it is needing accuracy of coffee processing at farmers & post-harvest coffee processors so the grade I coffee product is increased.

The low proportion of Grade A harvest quality in Hokkaido corn farming remains a challenge for horticultural agribusiness practitioners. This study aims to develop an operational strategy based on a managerial evaluation of key production factors to improve technical efficiency and harvest quality. The research was conducted at PT Agricole Indonesia Makmur, Cianjur, using data from 24 planting periods in 2024. Six production input variables were analyzed to identify the most influential factors on yield quantity and quality. The results show that only three variables watering frequency, organic fertilizer, and plant age at harvest consistently contributed significantly to the production of Grade A output. Although these variables are inelastic, they play a critical role in maintaining quality. The proposed strategy includes a 10% increase in harvest quantity and a 30% conversion from Grade B to Grade A. Simulation results indicate an additional 7.67 kg of Grade A yield per planting period, generating a value increase of IDR 239,490. The strategy is considered feasible with a positive Return on Investment (ROI) of 14.04% assuming a Grade A selling price of IDR 35,000/kg.

This study explores how Aman Kuba Coffee Shop in Yogyakarta manages its raw material inventory to maintain product quality and deliver excellent customer service. Effective inventory management is crucial to ensuring consistent coffee flavor and customer satisfaction. This research employs a qualitative method using a case study approach, involving direct observation of inventory management practices at the shop. Data were collected through interviews with the owner, manager, baristas, and customers; on-site observations; and examination of documents such as stock records and quality standards. The findings reveal that a structured and consistent inventory system plays a key role in preserving raw material quality. Moreover, efficient inventory management positively influences customer satisfaction and supports the overall operational efficiency of the coffee shop.