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The livestock industry plays a strategic role in providing animal-based food, yet it continues to face challenges related to efficiency and sustainability. Issues such as land limitations, animal diseases, and feed price fluctuations demand innovative production systems. One emerging solution is digital livestock farming, which integrates information and communication technologies into livestock management. This study aims to examine the role of digital livestock farming in improving production efficiency through a literature review of scientific sources published between 2017 and 2024. Literature was gathered from electronic databases and analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative approach with thematic analysis. The findings reveal that technologies such as the Internet of Things, biometric sensors, big data, and artificial intelligence enhance feed efficiency, animal health, reproduction, and labor management. Moreover, these technologies improve animal welfare and reduce environmental impact. However, challenges such as low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, and insufficient policy support hinder implementation, especially in developing countries. This review highlights the need for cross-sector collaboration to support sustainable digital livestock adoption.

This study aims to analyze the internal and external conditions of Kedai Kubo Kopi in Bandar Lampung using the SWOT approach and identify priority factors in marketing strategies to increase sales volume. A qualitative approach was used through interviews with owners, employees, and customers to obtain relevant data. The results of the SWOT analysis show that Kedai Kubo has strengths in high-quality manual brew coffee products, affordable prices, strategic location, friendly service, and attractive interior design. Its weaknesses include limited product variety, low profit margins, limited space during peak hours, dependence on digital promotions, and inadequate staff. Opportunities that can be utilized are the increasing public interest in quality coffee, potential collaboration with influencers, the growth of the coffee market in Indonesia, and the use of social media. The threats faced are competition from large coffee shops and franchises, fluctuations in raw material prices, changes in coffee consumption trends, and reputation risks due to inappropriate promotions. These findings indicate that Kedai Kubo Kopi needs to maximize existing strengths and opportunities, as well as overcome weaknesses and mitigate threats to increase sales volume effectively.  

The demand for chocolate continues to increase along with high public consumption. One of the main components in chocolate formulation is fat, which generally comes from cocoa butter. However, the availability of cocoa butter is limited and the price is relatively high, so a more economical and easily obtained substitute material is needed locally to support the sustainability of the chocolate industry. This study aims to examine the potential of palm oil fractions, especially palm stearin and olein, as a partial substitute for cocoa butter (Cocoa Butter Substitute/CBS) in chocolate formulations. The study was conducted through a literature review of scientific journals published in the last 10 years, which included chemical, physical, and sensory analysis data on palm oil-based chocolate products. The results of the study showed that stearin increased the melting point and firmness of the product, while olein produced a softer texture and a smoother melting sensation. Sensorially, olein-based formulations showed a higher level of acceptance than stearin, especially in color, aroma, taste, and texture attributes. In addition, palm oil fractions do not produce trans fats, and are able to maintain the balance of solid and liquid fats, while supporting the stability of the product emulsion. This study shows that palm oil fractions, especially through the right combination of stearin and olein, have great potential as a substitute for cocoa butter without reducing physical or sensory quality, thus supporting the sustainability of chocolate production in the future.

This study investigates the impact of product quality, price, and brand image on the purchasing decisions of Wardah facial moisturizer among female students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Lampung. Wardah was selected due to its popularity among young consumers and its reputation as a halal-certified brand offering affordable, high-quality products. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 115 respondents who had purchased the product at least three times. The analysis, conducted through multiple linear regression, reveals that product quality, price, and brand image significantly influence purchase decisions both individually and simultaneously. These results highlight the importance of these factors in consumer decision-making and offer practical insights for cosmetic companies, especially Wardah, in crafting marketing strategies tailored to the preferences of young consumers. Additionally, the findings contribute to the growing body of marketing literature on cosmetic products in the Indonesian context.

Consumer protection in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), which emphasizes consumers' basic rights to safe and quality goods. This research focuses on the violation of consumer rights in the “Daun Suji” brand rice oplosan case, which came to light in February 2025. The results show that the oplosan “Daun Suji” rice does not meet the promised premium rice quality standards. This resulted in a violation of consumer rights, specifically Article 4 letters b and c of the Consumer Protection Law. These violations include the right of consumers to choose goods according to exchange value and guarantees, as well as the right to correct and clear information. This fraudulent practice harms consumers who expect quality products at the price paid.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.

This study aims to determine and analyze the key factors that influence and significantly contribute to online purchasing decisions among consumers in Manado City, North Sulawesi. The research adopts a quantitative approach with factor analysis as the main method of data analysis. Judgmental sampling was employed to select participants who have experience in online shopping. Based on the results, seven dominant factors were identified that affect consumer decisions when making online purchases. These factors include: (a) Consumer Limitations and Access, which refer to time constraints and limited access to physical stores; (b) Desire and Technology, highlighting the role of consumer interest and technological literacy; (c) Product and Price Limitations, involving the lack of product variety and pricing differences; (d) Flexibility, which represents the freedom to shop anytime and anywhere; (e) Efficiency, such as time and cost savings; (f) Convenience, referring to the ease of the purchasing process; and (g) Economy and Social, which include discounts, promotions, and social influences. The study contributes to a better understanding of consumer behavior in digital commerce and provides useful insights for businesses and marketers to improve online customer experiences, particularly in regional markets such as Manado. The findings underscore the multidimensional nature of online shopping behavior in a rapidly growing digital economy.

This study aims to determine the SWOT analysis in increasing competitiveness at PT. Matahari Department Store Kediri. The problem in this study is "does SWOT Analysis play a role in increasing competitiveness at PT. Matahari Department Store Kediri. The research method used is the descriptive analysis research method, SWOT Matrix, External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE Matrix), Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE Matrix). The results of the study indicate that when PT. Matahari Department Store Kediri The competitive strategy implemented by PT. Matahari Department Store Kediri only provides quality products at affordable prices but also considers maximum product sales through social media, and maintains the company's image in the eyes of consumers so as to increase customer loyalty and the weighted value of the Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE Matrix) is 2.85 which indicates that the position of PT. Matahari Department Store Kediri has a very strong internal position. While the weighted value of the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE Matrix) is 3.02 which indicates that PT. Matahari Departement Store Kediri in facing the dynamics of the external environment the company's position is relatively strong.

This study aims to analyze the 4P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) in hydroponic lettuce marketing at SMA Negeri 1 Karangnunggal. The method used is descriptive qualitative with case studies through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the 4P marketing mix emphasizes products that have good quality such as good lettuce color and shape, the use of good seeds to produce good products. The price of the product has an affordable price which is relatively cheap for premium quality and offers discounts for large purchases. In easily accessible marketing places such as buyers can visit the place of sale directly or orders can be delivered to buyers directly. As well as the promotion methods carried out offline and online through social media.

This study examines Topten Printing, a printing company based in Metro City that offers diverse printing services characterized by competitive pricing, high-quality output, and efficient service. The research addresses the challenge of sustaining competitiveness amid rising market competition and evolving customer preferences. The objective is to analyze the company’s existing competitive strategies and propose viable alternatives for future growth. Employing a qualitative approach through a case study method, the research utilizes SWOT analysis and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to assess internal and external factors influencing the business. The results reveal that Topten Printing’s key strengths lie in its affordable pricing, reliable print quality, and prompt service delivery. However, the company also faces notable weaknesses, including a limited workforce and insufficient engagement on social media platforms. Opportunities exist in the growing demand for printed materials and government initiatives supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), whereas significant threats stem from digital transformation trends and raw material price volatility. The synthesis of findings indicates that to enhance its market position, Topten Printing should implement a growth-oriented strategy focused on increasing production capacity by hiring freelance workers and intensifying social media marketing efforts. In conclusion, strengthening human resources and expanding digital marketing activities are essential steps for Topten Printing to maintain competitiveness and seize market opportunities in an increasingly dynamic business environment.  

The reserchaims to examine the impact of product quality and price on customer satisfaction with The Originote skincare products. The research is motivated by the growing public awareness of skincare and the increasing interest in local skincare brands, particularly The Originote. The data is a questionnaire using a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the variables. The findings reveal that product quality has a positive significant effect on customer satisfaction, where significance probability value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Consumers tend to prefer high-quality products as they offer a sense of security, comfort, and benefits that meet ex-pectations. However, price does not significantly, with a significance probability value of 0.534, which is greater than 0.05. This indicates that consumers prioritize product quality and ingredients over price. The study's implications highlight the need for companies to focus on maintaining and improving product quality to ensure and enhance customer satisfaction.

This study aims to understand the considerations of female consumers in making decisions to purchase skincare products with the main focus on the price aspect. The background of this research is based on the increasing competition in the skincare market and the shift in consumer preferences for products that are not only judged by quality, but also by affordability. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with six female informants who actively use skincare products and are domiciled in South Jakarta. The results show that perceptions of price are very diverse. Some consumers consider price as an indicator of quality, while others consider the economic value and effectiveness of the product more. Additionally, purchasing decisions are influenced by various factors such as income, skin needs, promotional strategies, and social media influence. In responding to prices, they also vary, ranging from waiting for promos to trying alternative brands that are more affordable. These findings reinforce Kotler and Keller's (2016) theory of personal and psychological factors in purchasing decisions, as well as being relevant to Monroe's theory of price perception. This research provides important implications for skincare business people in designing pricing and marketing strategies that are more adaptive to consumer behavior.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 4P marketing mix strategy (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) at Firdaus Farm, a tilapia farming business in Tasikmalaya, and its effectiveness in enhancing the business's competitiveness and profitability. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study through observations, interviews, and direct documentation at the business location. The research findings indicate that the product strategy, which emphasizes tilapia quality—such as freshness, uniform size, clean packaging, and quality certification—constitutes the primary factor in attracting consumer interest. The flexible and competitive pricing strategy, adjusted according to market conditions and consumer purchasing power, along with bonuses for loyal customers, proved to increase customer loyalty and sales. Product distribution is carried out through traditional channels and has begun utilizing digital platforms to expand market reach, with the strategic location of the business supporting distribution efficiency. Promotion, still mainly traditional, is starting to develop into digital promotion through social media, which effectively increases product visibility and appeal. This study concludes that the consistent and adaptive application of the 4P marketing mix can enhance Firdaus Farm’s competitiveness in the tilapia market. It is recommended that business practitioners continue to develop product innovations, evaluate pricing, expand digital distribution, and optimize digital promotion in order to face increasingly intense market competition.

This study highlights Bajawa Coffee Shop in Bekasi as the main subject in examining the factors that influence customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and price perception on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. Service quality refers to the extent to which the service provided is able to meet customer expectations, while price perception is the customer's assessment of the economic value of the product or service received, which is influenced by costs, market demand, and business strategy. Customer satisfaction is a subjective evaluation of the experience of using a service, which reflects how well customer expectations are met by actual performance. This satisfaction plays an important role in building long-term relationships between customers and companies, and has a major impact on loyalty, brand reputation, and business sustainability. Customer loyalty itself is defined as a commitment to continue choosing and recommending a particular product or service, despite offers from competitors. In the context of increasingly tight competition in the cafe industry and the increasing trend of coffee consumption, understanding the factors that shape loyalty is very important. This study uses service quality and price perception as independent variables, customer satisfaction as a mediating variable, and customer loyalty as a dependent variable. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective business strategies in retaining customers at the Bajawa Bekasi Coffee Shop.

The use of log wood as raw material for furniture and construction industry requires an optimal approach in the dimensions of management and production efficiency to increase economic value. This study aims to analyze the relationship between log wood dimensions (length, width, diameter) with the value of production results based on the percentage of efficiency (60%, 50%, 40%, and 30%). The data used are the results of observations of log wood dimensions from several types (unnamed and with codes: Piton, DL, UP, UD) along with the basic price value of the log. Calculations are carried out to determine the economic value of log wood based on the production efficiency scenario. The results of the study indicate that increasing production efficiency significantly affects the economic value obtained, with the UD log type providing the highest value at all levels of efficiency. This study provides recommendations for wood production optimization strategies based on comparisons of dimensions and efficiency as a basis for decision making in the wood resource-based industry.

This study aims to analyze the impact of marketing mix elements on visitor satisfaction at Papuma Beach in Jember, with a focus on Generation Z as the primary target. The marketing mix examined includes word-of-mouth promotion, location, entrance ticket prices, products and services, and available facilities. This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis, along with partial and simultaneous tests to measure the influence of independent variables on visitor satisfaction. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 Generation Z respondents, as well as observations and interviews. The findings indicate that, partially, word-of-mouth promotion, location, and facilities do not significantly affect visitor satisfaction. However, ticket prices and the quality of products and services at Papuma Beach significantly influence visitor satisfaction. Simultaneously, the marketing mix affects Generation Z visitor satisfaction with a contribution of 73.5%. The main factors determining visitor satisfaction are the natural beauty, appropriate ticket pricing, and the quality of services provided. This study recommends that Papuma Beach management pay closer attention to marketing strategies aligned with Generation Z preferences and enhance the attraction of the tourist site through service innovations and facility improvements.

The Indonesian palm oil industry plays a strategic role as a major supporter of the national economy through its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, and rural infrastructure development. This article discusses in depth three main aspects: the economic benefits provided by the palm oil industry; challenges that include environmental issues, land conflicts, climate change, and regulation and productivity; and opportunities such as bioenergy development, diversification of derivative products, and utilization of technology and degraded land. The analysis also covers the role of technological innovation and human resource investment as key to the sustainability of this industry amidst global price fluctuations and international pressures on sustainability. With a data-driven approach and scientific literature review, this article highlights the importance of systemic transformation in the management of the palm oil industry to ensure competitiveness, environmental sustainability, and the welfare of local communities in the future.

In the 2024 Tanjungpinang City Pilkada, the Rahma-Rizha pair competed with Lis-Raja in the mayoral and deputy mayoral elections. Both candidate pairs have previous mayoral experience. The campaign was conducted directly to the public and utilized digital media. This study aims to compare the political marketing process between the Rahma-Rizha and Lis-Raja candidate pairs with the 4P theory by Philip B. Neffinegger and using qualitative methods. Based on the results of the product indicator study, the Lis-Raja pair excelled in active campaign programs and approaches, while Rahma-Rizha relied on the incumbent's experience and specific religious programs. Although their strategy was less than optimal, the program was an advantage over their political opponents. The promotion indicator showed the Lis-Raja pair's superiority in campaign effectiveness through social media and community support, while the Rahma-Rizha pair was stronger in direct meetings although less optimal in digital promotion and involvement of supporting figures. The price indicator explained that the Lis-Raja pair had greater financial capacity than the Rahma-Rizha pair. Finally, the place indicator shows that the Lis-Raja pair was more effective in approaching the community by involving religious figures as an effort to strengthen the religious brand by changing their appearance as a religious figure in the public eye, while Rahma tried to improve her image and support through Rizha, who has a background in preaching, to strengthen the mass base among religious figures, but this did not achieve the expected results. Although the Lis-Raja pair has an advantage in several political marketing indicators, such as a more active campaign program and effective use of social media, the Rahma-Rizha pair still has the potential to gain support, especially among voters who prioritize experience and personal strength in leadership.

As a result of rapid technological progress, increased competition, and the global opening of markets, local markets have been flooded with a large number of foreign products of superior quality compared to local products. This has exposed Iraqi economic units to numerous pressures for various reasons, most notably the high cost of their products and the low quality of their products. This requires these units to seek solutions that lead to the provision of a high-quality product capable of competing with foreign products in terms of price and quality, thereby achieving customer satisfaction. Therefore, the research aims to integrate the two techniques of Attribute Based Costing and process reengineering and to demonstrate their role in improving product quality. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are The weakness of the costing system applied at the research sample factory, its failure to accurately monitor and identify cost elements throughout the product lifecycle, and the management's lack of interest and awareness in implementing contemporary costing techniques and their role in improving the quality of its products, thus ensuring their sustainability. The integration of specifications-based costing with process reengineering technology has added substantial improvements to product specifications, aligning them with customer requirements and needs, and leading to improved product quality.

Handicrafts are an important part of the creative economy sector in Indonesia. The creative economy itself is an activity based on the use of intellectual property to create creativity, which aims to increase skills and income. The formulation of this research is that this research aims to determine the impact of the decrease in selling price on the production interest of artisans in Beleka Village and the factors causing the price decrease. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of field research, subjects are selected purposively, with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The validity of the data was tested using source triangulation, while data analysis was carried out through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show, first, the decline in the price of handicrafts in Beleka Village has a great influence on the enthusiasm and interest of artisans to stop producing. This is due to low selling prices and imbalances with the increase in raw material costs, which ultimately reduces profits. Second, Second, the decline in the price of handicrafts in Beleka Village is caused by several main factors. One of them is competition with bulk products that are cheaper and easily accessible in the market. In addition, changes in consumer tastes who tend to choose modern and practical products also contribute to reducing interest in traditional crafts.