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The development of educational tourism villages is one of the sustainable tourism strategies that integrates learning activities, environmental conservation, and local community empowerment. This study aims to analyze the potential and development strategies of Belawa Village as an educational tourism village in Cirebon Regency. The research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with managers and community members, and literature review. The results indicate that Belawa Village has strong tourism potential, particularly in educational tourism based on the conservation of the Belawa softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea), nature-based tourism, and local cultural tourism. Educational activities such as outing classes, animal introduction programs, environmental education, and cultural arts training have been implemented and fulfill the elements of something to see and something to do in educational tourism. However, the development of this educational tourism village has not yet been optimal due to limitations in destination management, supporting facilities and infrastructure, promotion, and human resource capacity. Therefore, integrated development is required through the packaging of educational tourism attractions, improvement of human resource competencies, provision of supporting facilities, and collaboration among the government, community, academics, and tourism stakeholders. The development of Belawa Village as an educational tourism village has the potential to provide economic, social, and educational benefits while supporting environmental conservation and strengthening local cultural identity.

Belawa Village, located in Lemahabang District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, is famous for the Labi-labi Belawa tourist attraction. This study aims to develop a sustainable tourism village at the Cikuya Tourist Attraction in Belawa Village. This model is expected to be an integrated solution to support the implementation of sustainable tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with quantitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is evident through environmental preservation and the conservation of the Belawa turtle habitat. Although the management is not yet optimal, there are practices of utilizing organic waste, such as chicken manure for animal feed and coconut shells for souvenirs, supporting the circular economy concept. Community participation in cultural activities also supports the social and cultural aspects of sustainable tourism, although it is still incidental and has not yet been programmed sustainably. However, the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is not yet fully optimal, despite having strong natural and conservation potential. Structural and operational barriers, such as accessibility, human resources, institutional governance, economy, socio-culture, and policy support, affect the effectiveness of applying sustainability principles.

Sriwijaya 8 Kost is an accommodation business located in Curug Sangereng, Gading Serpong. This business was developed to meet the housing needs of students and workers in the area. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Sriwijaya 8 Kost based on nine aspects, namely legal aspects, human resource management aspects, market and marketing aspects, technical aspects, consumer behavior aspects, financial aspects, PEST aspects, environmental & industrial aspects, and risk aspects. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results show that the business has great market potential, supported by its strategic location and appropriate consumer segmentation. Technical planning related to facilities, layout, and operations has been well designed to ensure the comfort and safety of residents. Financial analysis shows that the business is feasible with a BEP of 3 rooms per month, a payback period of 7.7 years, an IRR of 5.023%, and an ROI of 129.5%. External factors such as government policies and high demand for housing further strengthen the feasibility of the business. Overall, Sriwijaya 8 Kost is deemed viable for operation and development, with a need for continuous improvement in legality, financial record-keeping, service quality, and risk mitigation.

This research investigates the execution of data-informed and inclusive regional development planning within the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Sidoarjo Regency, concentrating on four analytical aspects: data integration and management abilities, the efficiency of participatory processes, technical and institutional obstacles concerning interoperability, and capacity-building strategies for facilitators tasked with translating public aspirations into planning priorities. The study is positioned within the national framework to establish evidence-based and participatory planning in reaction to the growing complexity regional development. Despite Bappeda Sidoarjo implementing multiple data platforms and participatory channels such Musrenbang forums, online submission systems, and sector-specific information systems the results indicate that issues like data fragmentation, insufficient digital literacy, and ineffective follow-up mechanisms continue to impede planning effectiveness. Employing qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews, observation, and document review, the research reveals that data integration has not reached single source of truth because of the lack of a cohesive data architecture and compatible standards among government entities. Participatory methods have increased inclusivity, but the quality of proposals and verification processes is still variable, hindering the incorporation of grassroots feedback into planning priorities. Moreover, the ability of facilitators the subdistrict and village levels is crucial in determining the quality of the compiled proposals. The research ends by highlighting the importance of improved data governance, increased actor capability, revised participatory processes, and clear follow-up mechanisms. Suggestions encompass constructing a unified data framework, offering ongoing technical training, standardizing digital Musrenbang processes, and establishing publicly available proposal-tracking system integrated within the yearly planning cycle.

This study investigates the strategic strengthening of the rambak cracker industry as an instrument for local economic development in Penanggulan Village, Pegandon District, Kendal Regency. Rural agro-processing enterprises have increasingly been recognized as territorially embedded production units capable of generating value-added outputs and absorbing surplus labor within localized economic systems. Field-based empirical observations reveal that rambak production in the village operates through household-managed processing systems characterized by traditional production techniques, informal managerial practices, and limited digital marketing adoption despite contributing significantly to community income generation. Data obtained from expert respondents were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process to identify strategic priority determinants influencing industrial competitiveness and sustainability. The results indicate that product innovation and quality improvement constitute the primary strategic priority, followed by digital marketing development and institutional partnership strengthening, while production capacity expansion remains comparatively less influential in enhancing market competitiveness. These findings suggest that adaptive innovation and digitally enabled commercialization pathways function as critical mechanisms for improving value-chain integration and expanding market accessibility among rural food-processing industries. Strengthening innovation ecosystems within the rambak sector may therefore contribute to employment creation, income diversification, and sustainable community-based economic transformation in rural production clusters.

Dysmenorrhea, which is common in adolescent girls, is a painful menstrual cycle that frequently interferes with daily activities, both in the classroom and in social situations. Dysmenorrhea is a common condition that needs particular care as a reproductive health concern, notably among young people. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches can be used to treat dysmenorrhea. The use of warm water compresses is a simple, inexpensive, and effective non-pharmacological approach. By increasing blood vessel dilatation, enhancing blood circulation, lowering muscular tension, and lowering pain perceptions, warm water compresses aid in alleviating dysmenorrhea symptoms. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of warm compresses on the severity of dysmenorrhea pain scales in teenage girls at the Buntalo Community Health Center. The design of this trial was pre-experimental, using a one-group pretest-posttest technique. Using a purposive sampling method, a sample of 20 respondents was chosen. The Wilcoxon test was used to conduct the data analysis. According to the data, there was a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity, with a Z value of -4.065 and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The average pain scale decreased from 2.95 to 1.80. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to conclude that warm water compresses are helpful in alleviating dysmenorrhea pain in young women. One of the suggestions for non-pharmacological treatments to help alleviate dysmenorrhea symptoms in adolescents is anticipated to be the outcome of this research.

Pain is a prevalent issue frequently seen by pregnant women in their third trimester, attributable to physiological, biomechanical, and psychological alterations during gestation. Non-pharmacological pain management is essential as a secure alternative to enhance the comfort of pregnant women. Perinatal Yoga and Relaxation Techniques are two commonly endorsed non-pharmacological therapies; yet, comparative analyses of their efficacy remain scarce, particularly within primary health care settings. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of Perinatal Yoga against Relaxation Techniques in alleviating pain among pregnant women in their third trimester at the Bongo II Community Health Centre. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest methodology. The sample comprised 38 pregnant women in their third trimester, categorized into two groups: 19 participants in the Perinatal Yoga group and 19 participants in the Relaxation Techniques group. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was utilized to assess pain severity prior to and following the intervention. A paired t-test was utilized for intra-group differences, whereas an independent t-test was employed to assess inter-group efficacy.The findings indicated that both Perinatal Yoga and Relaxation Techniques markedly diminished pain intensity in pregnant women throughout their third trimester (p<0.001). The decrease in pain in the Perinatal Yoga group was statistically significant compared to the Relaxation Technique group (p<0.05). This study concludes that Perinatal Yoga is superior than Relaxation Techniques in alleviating pain in pregnant women during their third trimester. Perinatal Yoga is indicated as an effective and practical non-pharmacological technique in antenatal treatment inside primary health facilities.

The quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) for infants aged 6–23 months is a key factor in supporting growth and preventing early nutritional problems. However, MP-ASI practices that do not comply with recommendations are still common, especially in areas with limited access to nutrition information and education. One of the promotive-preventive efforts developed in primary health care is the implementation of toddler classes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of toddler classes in improving the nutritional quality of infants receiving MP-ASI in the working area of the Popayato Timur Community Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 33 infants aged 6–23 months selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through infant anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age (BW/A) and weight for length/height (BW/H), as well as assessing the quality of MP-ASI using quality scores before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests. The results showed an increase in the quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) after the implementation of toddler classes, accompanied by improvements in infant nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age and weight for height, with a statistically significant difference between conditions before and after the intervention. In conclusion, toddler classes are effective in improving the quality of complementary feeding and infant nutritional status, thus potentially being an applicable educational strategy in efforts to improve infant nutrition in primary health care.

Successful breastfeeding is a crucial factor in ensuring maternal and infant health, yet many postpartum mothers experience obstacles in optimally breastfeeding. One factor that plays a significant role in successful breastfeeding is family support and involvement. Families, particularly husbands and immediate family members, play a strategic role in providing the emotional, informational, and instrumental support mothers need during the postpartum period. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family roles and successful breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at TPMB Bdn. Neneng Banjarmasin. This study employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 35 postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure family roles and successful breastfeeding, including aspects of early breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding frequency, maternal comfort, and sustainability of breastfeeding practices. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most respondents received good family support and that the majority of postpartum mothers experienced successful breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family roles and breastfeeding success. In conclusion, family roles are significantly associated with breastfeeding success in postpartum mothers. This finding underscores the importance of a family-centered midwifery care approach in supporting breastfeeding success in community midwifery practice.

Background: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, affecting children’s growth, development, and long-term health outcomes (Sari, 2020). Early childhood stunting can lead to cognitive delays, poor school performance, reduced productivity in adulthood, and increased risk of chronic diseases (Hapsari & Wulandari, 2019). Understanding the interaction of demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors is essential to reduce stunting prevalence and improve child health outcomes (Yuliani, 2019). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of stunting among children attending the Sagerat Public Health Center in Bitung City. Methods: A quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Thirty children were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria such as age under five years and available anthropometric data. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to examine the relationship between these factors and stunting incidence, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis showed that 30 children (100%) in the study were at risk of stunting based on height-for-age measurements, with 20 children (90%) confirmed as stunted and 10 children (10%) having normal height. These results suggest that maternal education, socioeconomic status, nutrition, and access to healthcare are strongly associated with stunting in this population. Conclusion: Factors such as maternal education, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and access to healthcare significantly influence the incidence of stunting among children at the Sagerat Public Health Center. Comprehensive community-based programs are recommended to reduce stunting prevalence and improve long-term health outcomes for children.

This study aims to evaluate the public transportation service policy of Trans Jatim Bus Corridor 2, operating on the Mojokerto–Surabaya route, using the six evaluation indicators proposed by William N. Dunn: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal that the Trans Jatim Corridor 2 service has significantly contributed to improving accessibility and mobility for the people of East Java. In terms of effectiveness, the service meets transportation policy objectives by offering strategic routes, consistent schedules, and accessible bus stops. Efficiency is demonstrated through optimal utilization of limited fleets and operational costs, while still meeting high passenger demand. Regarding adequacy, the service is generally sufficient; however, overcrowding during peak hours indicates the need for capacity improvements. Equity is reflected in the widespread distribution of bus stops, although disparities remain in the availability of facilities and route information across several stops. The service shows high responsiveness through quick handling of passenger complaints via applications and social media. Additionally, service appropriateness is evident in its punctual operations supported by GPS-based monitoring and real-time information through the TRANSJATIM-AJAIB application. Overall, the evaluation shows that Trans Jatim Corridor 2 provides effective, efficient, and responsive public transport services, yet requires improvements in capacity and equitable distribution of facilities to achieve optimal service quality.

This study analyzes the contribution of the nighttime economy to the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Pekanbaru City, particularly the culinary sector, which dominates nighttime economic activity. This research is motivated by the increasing public consumption at night, which shapes urban economic dynamics and requires effective public governance. The research method uses a qualitative approach through literature review and in-depth interviews with nighttime MSMEs to describe business conditions and governance challenges. The analysis is based on Adam Smith's Theory of Economic Growth, emphasizing capital accumulation, population growth, and technological advancement. The results show that nighttime economic activity generates high levels of consumption, which increases MSME income and enables capital accumulation for business development and product quality improvement. Urban population growth and the use of digital technology, including social media, delivery services, and digital payment systems, contribute to expanding market reach and improving business efficiency. However, MSME development in the nighttime economy remains constrained by limited access to capital, inadequate public infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainty. This study emphasizes the need for integrated local government policies.

Employment agreements are essential legal instruments that regulate the rights and obligations of workers and employers in industrial relations, aiming to ensure legal certainty and balance. In practice, however, the implementation of employment contracts often faces challenges such as differing interpretations, unequal bargaining positions, and inconsistent application of labor regulations. These issues require an effective and constructive dispute resolution mechanism that can address contractual problems while preserving employment relationships. In the Indonesian labor law system, mediation is recognized as a key non-litigation mechanism facilitated by government-appointed mediators to help parties reach mutually acceptable solutions. This study examines the mediation mechanism for resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia and analyzes its role as an alternative to court proceedings that emphasizes deliberation, efficiency, and cooperation. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes relevant labor laws, mediation regulations, and legal doctrines through a comprehensive literature review. The findings show that mediation is conducted through structured stages, including dispute registration with labor authorities, mediator appointment, facilitated negotiations, and the formulation of agreements or written recommendations. Mediation effectively promotes consensual solutions, reduces procedural complexity, and encourages cooperative communication. It also supports the preservation of harmonious and sustainable employment relationships by prioritizing consensus over adversarial processes. Strengthening mediator competence and improving legal awareness among workers and employers are therefore crucial to optimizing the effectiveness of mediation in resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia.

This article explores legal accountability for flood disasters occurring in several regions of Sumatra, which are widely alleged to result from large-scale logging activities. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the Indonesian legal system, with particular emphasis on contract law. This study adopts a literature-based research method by examining statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly publications. The analysis demonstrates that flood events should not be understood solely as natural occurrences, but rather as ecological consequences arising from the failure to fulfill contractual obligations embedded in forest utilization permits. From a contract law perspective, forestry concessions establish binding legal relationships that impose environmental protection duties on permit holders in accordance with the principle of pacta sunt servanda. Logging activities that exceed authorized limits may therefore be classified as contractual default (wanprestasi) and, at the same time, constitute unlawful acts that cause harm to the state and affected communities. Accordingly, this study underscores the necessity of strengthening environmental protection clauses within concession agreements and applying strict liability principles to enhance legal responsibility and prevent recurring environmental harm.

The Attorney General's Office plays a strategic role as a neutral facilitator that initiates, leads, and oversees the peace process, from peace offers and mediation to the issuance of a suspension of prosecution based on Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020, while still considering the best interests of children, the restoration of social relations, and the legal benefits for all parties. This approach is considered effective in minimizing the traumatic impact of formal judicial proceedings on children while encouraging the social reintegration of perpetrators. However, the implementation of restorative justice still faces internal obstacles, such as limited operational regulations, the understanding and capacity of law enforcement officials, and suboptimal infrastructure. On the other hand, external obstacles arise from low public awareness of the law, a tendency to demand severe punishment, and a culture that emphasizes pride, which hinders the acceptance of peaceful resolutions. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening regulations, improving the competence of officials, optimizing the function of Restorative Justice Houses, and intensifying public awareness so that the application of restorative justice in cases of child abuse is not only a procedural alternative but truly functions as a fair and sustainable recovery mechanism.

An employment relationship is a relationship between a worker and an employer or entrepreneur involving work, wages, and orders. One outcome of this employment relationship is termination of employment. To create a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the government has enacted laws concerning termination of employment, such as Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Fixed-Term Employment Agreements, Outsourcing, Working and Rest Hours, and Termination of Employment. This research uses a normative legal method, namely examining the law as it exists or should exist, or the law in books. The research was conducted by analyzing applicable laws and regulations, using library materials or secondary data covering primary, secondary, and tertiary law. Termination of employment is the right of both parties, namely workers and employers. Both parties can terminate the employment relationship according to their respective situations or conditions. This issue often generates debate because each party has different perspectives and arguments regarding termination of employment. As a result, the amount of compensation workers receive in practice also varies. Comparing Law No. 13 of 2003, Law No. 11 of 2020, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning termination of employment, it is clear that the Employee Rights Act No. 13 of 2003 provides more compensation than the Job Creation Law. Therefore, in practice, many companies, including PT Kuoni Indonesia, seek ways to reduce their compensation obligations under the pretext of negotiating with employees.

This study aims to analyze the organizational structure, main tasks and functions, and challenges faced by the Legal Section in carrying out its role as a center for local government legal services. The research method used a qualitative approach through interviews with the Head of the Legal Section, direct observation in the work environment, and literature studies of various related documents and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the organizational structure of the Legal Section consists of functional positions, implementing officers, and temporary employees, each of which has a crucial role in supporting the legal product drafting process. However, the effectiveness of organizational performance still faces obstacles, particularly related to employee discipline, work ethic, and efforts to build a culture of bureaucratic integrity. The Head of the Legal Section emphasized that the quality of human resources is a key factor in determining the success of the process of harmonization of regulations and legal services. Thus, a sustainable apparatus development strategy and strengthening of the work system are needed so that the Legal Section can carry out its functions optimally in supporting the implementation of the Palangka Raya City government.

The authority of the Religious Courts in Indonesia has undergone substantial transformation since the enactment of the 1974 Marriage Law, which serves as a foundational milestone in harmonizing the national legal system on family matters. Prior to this legislation, the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts was limited and influenced by legal dualism among customary law, Islamic law, and Western civil law inherited from the colonial period. This article examines how the Marriage Law initiated a shift in the structure and legitimacy of the Religious Courts and how their jurisdictional expansion reached a more comprehensive form through Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts and its subsequent amendments under Law No. 3 of 2006 and Law No. 50 of 2009. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations, academic literature, and Islamic legal doctrines. The findings show that the Marriage Law provided the initial legal foundation for strengthening the Religious Courts' authority in handling family disputes, which was later expanded significantly to include inheritance, wills, grants, endowments (wakaf), alms (zakat), charitable donations (infaq and sadaqah), and Islamic economic matters during the legal reform era. This transformation not only reinforced the institutional structure of the Religious Courts but also improved access to justice for Muslim communities and supported the integration of Islamic law into Indonesia’s national legal framework. Therefore, the development of the Religious Courts’ authority after the Marriage Law reflects the dynamic modernization of the legal system and the harmonization between religious values and the rule of law in Indonesia.

This study explores how the drafting process of the Bill (RUU) for the Revision of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), which was approved to become Law Number 3 of 2025, occurred amidst massive public protests, with an emphasis on violations of the principles of openness, participation, and accountability as regulated in the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations. The public's rejection illustrates the potential for abusive law making, threats to civilian dominance, and the possibility of a return to the dual function of the military from the New Order period, supported by protests, petitions from civil society organizations such as NU, WALHI, and KONTRAS, as well as an application for constitutional review to the Constitutional Court. Adopting the perspective of Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy and Weber’s concept of legitimacy, this research asserts that the argument for the annulment of this Bill is growing stronger, in order to uphold democratic law making and the protection of human rights.

The right to immunity for advocates is an important instrument to ensure that advocates can practice their profession freely, especially in defending clients' interests in court, without being disturbed by legal threats. However, this right is not absolute and can be lost if the advocate violates the code of ethics or harms the dignity of the court, as in the case of Razman Arif Nasution, which raised questions about the balance between professional protection and ethical responsibility. This paper aims to examine the limits of the right to immunity for advocates in the context of violations of professional ethics, as well as explore its legal implications for the disciplinary mechanisms of advocate organizations. The method used is normative juridical, with a statute approach and a case study approach. The study findings indicate that advocate protection must still be linked to compliance with professional ethics, so that in practice disciplinary mechanisms have a strategic role in upholding professionalism.