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Indonesian families are currently still faced with various challenges, including the low knowledge of mothers about childcare, which can have an impact on child development. This is crucial and a sign that there is a need to improve competence as parents, therefore the Great Parents School provides a way to overcome problems in childcare practices. This study aims to explain the transformation of young mothers who have participated in the Great Parents School program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, the informants in this study are young mothers who have undergone the Great Parents School program and accompanying facilitators, while the data collection process uses observation, interviews, and documentation with the research location in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. The results of this study show that the empowerment process refers to the ACTORS theory, namely authority, self-confidence, trust, opportunity, responsibility, and support for mothers who have attended the Great Parents School. Mothers who have attended the Great Parents School have experienced improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to childcare. This improvement can be seen through their understanding of the role of parents, the application of family functions such as instilling religious values, compassion, and protection, as well as the application of parenting and discipline patterns, and an understanding of communication skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Great Parents School serves as a bridge for mothers to become more empowered through improvements in childcare.

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) play a strategic role in shaping the character and noble character of the younger generation amidst the increasingly sophisticated currents of modernization and digital challenges. This study aims to examine the process of character formation of students' noble character through habituation of attitudes at the Muhammadiyah Ibnu Juraimi PPTQ, as well as to understand the strategies, challenges, and roles of various parties in supporting this character development. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study type, through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that habituation of attitudes is the main strategy, which is realized through teacher role models, enforcement of discipline, routine worship such as qiyamullail, sunnah fasting, recitation of the Qur'an, and social habits such as respect and the use of Islamic greetings. The main challenges in implementing guidance are differences in student backgrounds, the motivation of administrators who still lack awareness in guiding children, and the negative influence of gadgets. Efforts to resolve this are carried out by limiting gadget access, strengthening role models, and involving students' guardians in supporting children's development. The conclusion of this study confirms that the formation of noble character is a long process that requires consistent habituation, contributions between teachers, students, administrators, and guardians of students, as well as overcoming external challenges wisely.

This article discusses the role of Special Assistant Teachers (GPK) in creating an effective inclusive classroom, where all students, including children with special needs, can participate optimally in the learning process. GPK plays the role of facilitators, mediators, and regular teacher partners in accommodating diverse learning needs. This role is realized through individual needs assessments, adjustment of learning strategies, modification of teaching materials, and provision of academic and social-emotional support to students. The results of the study show that the success of inclusive education is greatly influenced by GPK's professional competence, especially in understanding the characteristics of children with special needs and implementing differentiatory learning. In addition, effective collaboration between GPK and regular teachers is a key factor in creating an inclusive and non-discriminatory learning environment. Institutional support, such as inclusive school policies, the availability of infrastructure, and the support of school leaders, also play an important role. This article emphasizes the need for sustainable professional development, clear division of duties, and supportive education policies to strengthen GPK's role in promoting inclusive education equity in Indonesia.

The low understanding of nutritious food choices among elementary school children remains a problem because it impacts their health, learning abilities, and future eating habits. A similar situation was found at SDN 3 Picungremuk, where students often choose flavored foods without considering their nutritional content. This community service activity aims to improve students' nutritional knowledge through education on the concept of "Isi Piringku" (My Plate). The implementation stages include identifying needs through observation and discussions with teachers, developing materials tailored to children's development, conducting interactive socialization, and practicing how to assemble a balanced meal plate using visual media. Evaluation was carried out through pre- and post-tests accompanied by food selection simulations. The output showed a significant increase in understanding. Before the education, most students were unable to combine foods correctly. After the activity, all participants were able to assemble a meal plate according to the principles of balanced nutrition. These findings prove that the use of visual media and hands-on practice is an effective method for instilling healthy eating habits in elementary school children.

Gross motor development is an important aspect of an infant’s growth. Infants aged 6–12 months are in a golden period where physical stimulation plays a vital role in supporting coordination, balance, and muscle strength. Hydrotherapy provides an experience of free movement in water with light resistance, which can strengthen muscles and improve body control. This study aimed to determine the effect of hydrotherapy on the gross motor development of infants aged 6–12 months at Posyandu Dahlia, Palembang City. This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group involving 30 infants (15 intervention and 15 control). The intervention was conducted twice a week for four weeks in water with temperatures of 36–37°C. The Denver II instrument was used for assessment. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests with a significance level of 0.05The average gross motor development score increased significantly in the intervention group from 45.2 to 60.4 (p = 0.001), while the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.094). Hydrotherapy has a significant effect on improving the gross motor development of infants aged 6–12 months. Health workers are encouraged to use this therapy as an alternative stimulation for early childhood development in community health centers.

In the era of globalization, language proficiency in early childhood is crucial for supporting their cognitive and social development. At RA Masjid Al Akbar Surabaya, a bilingual program (Indonesian-English) is implemented for Group B to optimize children's language skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the bilingual program on children's speaking, listening, and language comprehension aspects. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation. The subjects of the study are children in Group B who participate in the bilingual program. The results show a positive impact of the bilingual program on children's language development. Children are able to interact actively in both languages, both in speaking and listening, and show improvements in language comprehension. This bilingual program has proven effective in enhancing children's communication skills and supporting holistic language development from an early age. Therefore, the bilingual program at RA Masjid Al Akbar can be used as a model for developing language skills in early childhood to prepare them for the challenges of globalization in the future.

This study focuses on mentoring activities for male and female students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khalafiyah Syafi’iyyah Zainul Hasan Genggong related to children’s development during the school period. The main issue identified is the lack of optimal learning motivation and independence among students, which affects their academic achievement and character formation. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ observation skills, creativity, critical thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and learning motivation in an integrated manner. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and in-depth documentation as the primary data collection techniques. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ concentration, creative expression through drawing, logical thinking, emotional stability, harmonious social interaction, as well as motivation and discipline in learning. The mentoring activities provide a sustainable positive impact on students’ psychological growth and holistic development within the madrasah environment

This study focuses on mentoring activities for male and female students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khalafiyah Syafi’iyyah Zainul Hasan Genggong related to children’s development during the school period. The main issue identified is the lack of optimal learning motivation and independence among students, which affects their academic achievement and character formation. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ observation skills, creativity, critical thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and learning motivation in an integrated manner. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and in-depth documentation as the primary data collection techniques. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ concentration, creative expression through drawing, logical thinking, emotional stability, harmonious social interaction, as well as motivation and discipline in learning. The mentoring activities provide a sustainable positive impact on students’ psychological growth and holistic development within the madrasah environment

Children's socio-emotional development is an important aspect that plays a role in their ability to recognize, understand, express, and regulate emotions, as well as interact adaptively in social environments. The family serves as the first environment that provides the foundation for this development through parenting patterns, emotional relationships, daily interactions, and parental behavior models. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific articles published between 2020–2025 from the Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the review indicate that parental responsiveness, observational learning, secure attachment, and emotional communication significantly influence children's emotion regulation and social skills. In addition, parenting styles, particularly the authoritative style, have been shown to have a positive impact on psychological well-being, self-control, and social competence, while authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful styles are associated with behavioral problems and low self-esteem. Overall, the quality of the family environment and patterns of emotional communication play a significant role in shaping children's socio-emotional development. These findings underscore the need for support and reinforcement of parenting practices in efforts to enhance children's emotional and social well-being.

This study aims to understand and explain in depth the role of teachers in the care of children aged 3–5 years at the Siti Hajar Kindergarten and its influence on child development. This study used a qualitative approach with the aim of obtaining a comprehensive picture of the interactions between teachers and children in daily care activities. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation that describe care practices in the TPA environment. The results show that teachers have a very important role, including as guides in learning activities, mediators in children's social and emotional development, motivators to foster interest in learning, role models of positive behavior, and communication bridges between children and parents. These roles contribute significantly to character formation, social skills development, increased learning motivation, and children's emotional well-being. Despite facing various obstacles, such as limited facilities and challenges in maintaining children's concentration, teachers continue to strive to provide optimal care through enjoyable learning strategies and active communication with parents. This study recommends increasing teacher capacity and strengthening collaboration between educational institutions and families to support the sustainable growth and development of early childhood.  

Facilities and infrastructure play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of learning in Playgroup (Kelompok Bermain). This study aims to examine the influence of the availability and management of facilities and infrastructure on the effectiveness of early childhood learning processes. A quantitative research method was employed using surveys with questionnaires distributed to teachers and administrators of Playgroups. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis to determine the relationship between facilities and infrastructure and learning quality. The findings indicate that adequate facilities such as comfortable classrooms and educational aids significantly improve children's learning motivation and the smoothness of the learning process. Well-equipped environments enable teachers to deliver lessons more effectively, thus positively impacting children's learning outcomes. In conclusion, improving and maintaining facilities and infrastructure should be a priority for Playgroup managers to ensure optimal learning quality and support the holistic development of young children.

Nutritional problems in toddlers remain a public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data shows a high prevalence of malnutrition, severe malnutrition, and stunting in toddlers, with data showing that based on the body weight index (BB/A) the prevalence of malnourished toddlers is 3.9% while 13.8% of toddlers are undernourished. Based on the height-for-age (H/A) index, there are 11.5% of toddlers with very short nutritional status and 19.3% of toddlers with stunted nutritional status. Meanwhile, based on the weight-for-height (BB/H) index, the proportion of very wasted children is 3.5%, undernourished children are 6.7%, and overweight children are 8% (Riskesdas, 2018). Because of these problems, early nutrition education efforts are needed. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of toddler mothers about the importance of balanced nutrition for children, especially through the use of UHT milk as a nutritional supplement, as well as strengthening the role of integrated health posts (Posyandu) in monitoring child growth and development. Thus, this community service activity contributes to raising public awareness of the importance of meeting toddler nutritional needs and is expected to support government programs to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Tarakan City.

Verbal abuse in early childhood represents a form of non-physical violence that has serious implications for children's socio-emotional, cognitive, and psychological development. This issue continues to escalate alongside the declining quality of parenting experiences and weakened social control within communities, where verbal aggression is often perceived as an acceptable disciplinary practice. This study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between parenting experiences and community social control with the occurrence of verbal abuse through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from reputable journal articles published between 2020–2025 using inclusion–exclusion criteria and content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that authoritarian parenting, emotional stress, a history of violence, and misconceptions about discipline serve as primary triggers of verbal abuse. In contrast, social environments characterized by strong social bonds, collective anti-violence norms, and active community participation have been shown to effectively reduce the occurrence of verbal abuse within families. This study concludes that verbal abuse is an interactive phenomenon shaped by parenting factors and social structures; therefore, prevention requires a family-based educational approach in conjunction with strengthening community roles through Pendidikan Non Formal.

The absence of a father or fatherlessness in a family is a serious problem that affects children's social, psychological, and educational development. This condition becomes even more complex when experienced by street children who live in limited economic conditions and lack family support. The purpose of this study is to reveal the social life of street children on Jalan Krakatau Ujung, Medan Deli District, find the factors that cause fatherlessness, and study the consequences. This study is a qualitative study conducted through a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation and in-depth interviews with street children, parents, and community leaders. The results of the study show that the factors causing fatherlessness include divorce, abandonment, and the death of the father. Fathers may also migrate or engage in deviant behavior, such as drug abuse. Children without parents have visible impacts in the form of psychological vulnerability, such as loneliness, lack of self-control, and lack of self-confidence; social impacts, such as difficulty socializing, vulnerability to bullying and exploitation; and educational impacts, such as lack of desire to learn and limited access to education. The lives of street children at the traffic light intersection on Jalan Krakatau Ujung show weak family functioning, especially the role of the father, which encourages children to earn their own living from an early age.

This article thoroughly examines Imam Al-Ghazali's views on Islamic education and adab, with an emphasis on a holistic framework that combines knowledge, faith, charity, and morals to form an insān kāmil (perfect human being).  Al-Ghazali, a scholar from Tus, Persia, in the 11th century, defined education as a process of moral development and purification of the soul. The main goal of education is to obtain worldly and spiritual happiness. He opposes the educational paradigm of modern philosophers which focuses only on rationality. He emphasized that knowledge without adab is like fire which has no light.Adab is the main pillar of the educational process and helps children learn noble qualities such as patience, humility and honesty. This is implemented from an early age through spiritual practices such as dhikr and muhasabah.  In his great works, such as Iḥyā' 'Ulūm ad-Dīn, Ayyuhal Walad, and Tahāfut al-Falāsifah, Al-Ghazali combines rationalism with Sufism. He opposed the dichotomy between worldly knowledge (such as medicine and mathematics) and the hereafter, claiming that revelation provides a balance to prevent misguidance. His educational methods, based on internalizing values, examples, and ethical discussions, support the role of teachers as moral and spiritual role models and students as ethical learners. This thinking is highly relevant to modern education, especially in Indonesia, where a character-based curriculum is implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture and institutions such as the State Islamic University (UIN) use a holistic approach to address the moral crisis caused by technological advancements. The main challenge lies with educators who lack an understanding of Sufism, which requires intensive training.

This community service program was carried out in Karangharja Village with the aim of strengthening environmental awareness, promoting tree-planting initiatives, and establishing the foundation for household-level food security. The program employed the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach through the stages of discovery, dream, design, define, and destiny, ensuring that all activities were rooted in local potential and community participation. The results indicate an increase in residents’ involvement in reforestation, productive home-garden utilization, and stronger collaboration between village authorities, farmer groups, Islamic educational institutions, and local community organizations. Furthermore, the community began forming self-help groups to ensure sustainability, while Islamic-value-based environmental education successfully encouraged behavioral changes and early ecological awareness among children. These findings confirm that the ABCD approach is effective in enhancing community-based food security and environmental awareness.

Education is a fundamental right that must be fought for by every child in the nation, and throughout its development, it continues to undergo innovations and evaluations toward better quality. One educational model that is growing in Indonesia is the boarding school system, which has its own characteristics, advantages, and challenges. This study aims to describe the social studies (IPS) teachers’ strategies in boarding school–based learning, the implementation of IPS learning within the boarding school environment, and the obstacles faced by IPS teachers at MTs Darul Hikmah. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted at Pondok Modern Darul Hikmah Tulungagung, with seventh-grade students as research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show several factors that influence the low effectiveness of IPS learning in boarding schools, including the dense institutional activity schedule that reduces students’ learning focus, teachers’ limited mastery of the subject matter and classroom management, and the dual curriculum implemented simultaneously within the institution. Efforts to improve IPS learning effectiveness include enhancing teacher discipline when entering and leaving the classroom, utilizing audio-visual learning media, and connecting learning materials with current issues to make the lessons more relevant and engaging. Furthermore, the study reveals several advantages of boarding school–based education, such as fostering students’ independence, developing social awareness, providing deeper religious instruction, and integrating both general and religious education. Thus, IPS learning in boarding schools has the potential to develop more optimally with the support of appropriate learning strategies and more structured institutional management.

The purpose of writing this article is to find out and strengthen character and moral formation through the application of Pancasila values in children, where in this era of digital media development, the moral development of children whose daily lives are closely related to the digital world is greatly influenced. The method used in this research is qualitative, based on a literature study technique that collects a lot of information from previous research. The results of this study indicate that the application of Pancasila in the formation of children's morals and character should be more applied and realized in every action and daily action to become a good citizen in the future. So that the younger generation can go down in the community field, have ethics, morals, character, manners in the life of the state. Therefore, it is very necessary to apply the values of Pancasila in a child in the pandemic era to improve the character and morals of the nation's children.

Stunting in toddlers is a chronic nutritional problem caused by lack of nutritional intake due to feeding that does not meet basic needs. UNICEF data in 2024 shows that the infant mortality rate for toddlers is 48 per 1,000 live births and the neonatal mortality rate is 23 per 1,000 live births. Conditions that cause mortality and morbidity in infants and toddlers include malnutrition, sepsis, pneumonia, and premature birth (WHO, 2023). Factors that cause stunting include nutrition, health, environment, and socio-economy, such as malnutrition in pregnant women and children, recurrent infections, poor sanitation, and limited access to health services and nutritious food (Sari, 2023). The effects of stunting include brain development inhibitions, weakened immune systems, delayed psychosocial and motor development, and suboptimal physical growth. Based on a preliminary study at the Sungai Raya Dalam Health Center, there were 134 children under five who were stunted. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 0–24 months. The research design used case control with a retrospective approach, involving 58 mothers with toddlers aged 0–24 months. The results showed that mothers with nutritional status with KELK had a higher risk of giving birth to stunted toddlers (72.7%) compared to mothers with good nutritional status (19.1%). The Fisher Exact test yielded a value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of stunting.

The Islamic Literacy Program to Foster Religious Character in Early Childhood is a community service initiative aimed at instilling Islamic values through engaging and meaningful literacy activities. The program was conducted for two weeks in Timbang Langkat Village, Binjai Timur District, involving early childhood learners, PAUD teachers, and parents. This study employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings showed a 31% average increase in children’s religious character aspects, including faith, discipline, honesty, responsibility, and social attitude. Furthermore, teacher and parent involvement played a crucial role in strengthening the internalization of religious values through enjoyable literacy activities such as storytelling of prophets, writing Arabic letters, and Islamic role-playing. The implications indicate that Islamic literacy effectively fosters religious character development in early childhood in a contextual and sustainable manner and can serve as a model for other PAUD institutions in developing Islamic character education programs.