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The agrarian dispute that occurred in Pakel Village, Banyuwangi, illustrates the complexity of legal issues and structural inequalities that still linger from the New Order era. Several local farmers were detained on charges of vandalism and incitement, despite the fact that they were defending ancestral land that had been managed for generations against the unilateral claims of a plantation company. This article examines the incident through the lens of agrarian law, land ownership rights, and principles of social justice, while also analyzing the state's role in balancing the rights of indigenous communities and corporate interests. This case study shows that a repressive legal approach actually deepens inequality and hinders the process of agrarian reform. The conflict in Pakel Village is a clear reflection of the state's inability to handle agrarian conflicts fairly and sustainably.

Inequality in wealth distribution is a serious problem in the modern economic system. The gap between high and low income groups continues to widen, triggering various social problems. In the perspective of Islamic economics, zakat, infaq and waqf are present as instruments that not only have worship values, but also significant social and economic functions. This study aims to analyze the contribution of these three instruments in reducing the inequality of wealth distribution in society. Through descriptive qualitative approach and literature study, this research examines various literatures and secondary data obtained from zakat, infaq, and waqf management institutions in Indonesia. The results show that zakat, infaq, and waqf are able to act as effective wealth redistribution tools, improve the welfare of vulnerable groups, and strengthen social cohesion. These three instruments are proven to be a systemic solution in creating a more equitable economic balance. Therefore, accountable, professional, and trustworthy management is needed so that the socio-economic potential of zakat, infaq, and waqf can be optimized in supporting the creation of social justice according to Islamic teachings.

This study aims to analyze the dynamic relationship between population density, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, and regional economic inequality in Indonesia over the period 1995–2024. Regional inequality is measured using the Gini Ratio as a key indicator. A quantitative method with a time series approach is employed using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. The analysis includes unit root testing, optimal lag selection, VAR estimation, impulse response function (IRF), variance decomposition, and Granger causality testing. The results show that population density has a positive effect on regional inequality, while GRDP per capita has a negative effect. However, both variables are statistically insignificant. The impulse response analysis indicates that a shock in population density tends to increase inequality in the short term, whereas a shock in GRDP per capita tends to reduce inequality. The Granger causality test reveals that population density regional inequality, while GRDP per capita does not have a significant causal effect. Overall, the findings suggest the importance of equitable economic development and population control policies in reducing regional disparities in Indonesia.

Economic empowerment of coastal communities in Indonesia is essential to improve welfare and reduce social inequality. This study explores the role of technology and access to capital in driving economic empowerment in coastal areas. The method used is a literature study to analyze how technology improves productivity, and how access to capital supports business development. The results of the study show that the use of information and communication technology, as well as inclusive savings programs, have made significant contributions to increasing income and quality of life in coastal communities. Challenges such as poor infrastructure and limited education need to be addressed to achieve full potential in economic empowerment.

This article examines the strategic role of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in preparing a skilled workforce amid global dynamics and rapid technological developments. The focus of the discussion lies in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum which provides flexibility for educational units to develop learning that is contextual, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the world of work. Through strengthening the project-based learning approach, teaching factory, and collaboration with industry, the Merdeka Curriculum encourages harmony between learning in vocational schools and competencies needed by the business world and the industrial world (DUDI). This article analyzes curriculum documents, learning outcomes, and Graduate Competency Standards (SKL), and identifies a number of challenges in implementation, such as inequality of facilities, limited involvement of DUDI, uneven teacher capacity, and regulatory complexity. By referring to regulations such as Permendikbudristek No. 12 of 2024 and Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2016, the author proposes systematic steps such as competency mapping, preparation of Learning Objectives Flow (ATP), and evidence-based evaluation. The transformation of vocational education through collaboration between stakeholders is expected to create an educational ecosystem that is responsive to industrial and technological changes. This article concludes that vocational schools must be able to become institutions that not only produce job-ready graduates, but also innovative and creative in creating new job opportunities.

This research aims to analyze the implications of global political economy policies on women's empowerment in developing countries, especially in terms of access to economic resources, education, employment, and political participation. The research uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing various academic references and relevant public policies to provide a comprehensive understanding of gender issues in the context of globalization. The results show that despite the existence of various affirmative policies such as women's quotas in parliament and economic programs for women, their implementation still faces various structural barriers, including patriarchal culture, limited resources, and low participation of women in decision-making. Other challenges include unequal access to education and training, and social stereotypes that hinder women's advancement. Proposed strategies include integrating gender analysis in policy formulation, increasing women's participation in strategic positions, strengthening regulations that protect women's rights, and gender-sensitive international cooperation. This research confirms the importance of a collaborative and sustainable approach involving various stakeholders to realize inclusive women's empowerment and real gender equality in developing countries.

This study aims to analyze the character of Alina Suhita in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using the Marxist feminist theory approach. The main focus of this study is to reveal how the patriarchal system and social class structure influence the position and experiences of female characters in the novel. The study uses qualitative methods with text-based content analysis techniques and a hermeneutic approach to interpret the meaning contained in the narrative. The results of the analysis show that the character Suhita experiences three main forms of oppression: stereotypes, subordination, and marginalization. These three forms reflect how women in a patriarchal society are negatively constructed, positioned lower than men, and excluded from public spaces and decision-making. However, Suhita also shows resistance to dominant structures through her intelligence, education, and active role in the Islamic boarding school. In the context of Marxist feminism, Suhita is a representation of women who experience double exploitation both as women and as part of a marginalized social class but also have the potential to be agents of change. This study emphasizes that literature can be a medium for understanding power relations in society as well as a tool for criticizing ongoing gender and economic inequality.

This research examines the implementation of social welfare through social assistance funds in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic within the framework of the welfare state theory. Using a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-normative character, the study analyzes the legal foundations, the theory of justice, and utilitarianism as conceptual bases. Two approaches Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach are employed to review key regulations (Law No. 13/2011, Law No. 11/2009, Government Regulation No. 39/2012, and other implementing regulations) as well as the concepts of distributive justice, utility, and the capability principle. Secondary data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through literature study and qualitatively analyzed. The findings reveal that programs such as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), the Family Hope Program (PKH), and the Staple Food Card (Kartu Sembako) represent state interventions aimed at correcting inequality and ensuring citizens’ social rights. The application of the principles of social justice, utility, transparancy, accountability, participation, and sustainability has strengthened the legitimacy of social assistance as a redistributive instrument. However, the main challenges lie in the accuracy of the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS), overlapping recipients, limited public participation, and long-term planning that remains reactive to crises. Evaluation of alignment with welfare state principles reveals that social assistance interventions have helped reduce short-term economic burdens but are not yet optimal in empowering recipients toward self-reliance. Based on these findings, it is recommended to regularly update the DTKS, enhance digitalization and data transparancy, expand participatory mechanisms, and integrate social assistance policies into long-term national development strategies. Thus, social assistance funds can serve not only as emergency aid but also as sustainable instruments to realize social justice and inclusive growth.

This study conducts a juridical analysis of the strengthening of women's civil and economic rights in Indonesian civil law, based on the 4th Astacita principle of women's empowerment. The study identifies and analyzes inequalities in women's access to civil rights, such as inheritance rights, property ownership, and social security. Although the national legal framework has recognized the principle of gender equality, its implementation still faces significant challenges due to the strong patriarchal culture and women's limited access to legal justice. Therefore, this study emphasizes the urgency of gender-responsive legal reforms and increased women's participation in the legislative process to realize substantive equality and justice.

Urban communities in Surakarta City tend to have high mobility which has an impact on rapid growth.  They need a safe, comfort and efficient transportation system. Surakarta City Transportation Agency presents Batik Solo Trans (BST) to answer these needs. However, the presence of BST is not balanced with user comfort at the BST permanent shelter. The incompatibility of shelter facilities with established standards causes users especially the disabled can’t access independently. This research aims to analyze user assessments and needs using Kansei Engineering and Administrative Law methods to determine the components to create a user-friendly BST permanent shelter. Purposive sampling was used to obtain data from 130 respondents based on interviews, questionnaires and observations. The results showed that comfort and equality are mandatory standards for creating a user-friendly BST permanent shelter. There are 5 aspects that have a significant influence on these standards. Those aspects are clean shelter, clear shelter, strategic location, appropriate shelter width and appropriate of shelter’s access height.

This study aims to evaluate the toll road development policy in Mojo, Kediri, and Tulungagung sub-districts, and analyze the social, economic, and environmental impacts caused. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study type. The results show that toll road development has a positive impact on the local economy, especially in improving connectivity and encouraging investment in the industrial and tourism sectors. However, social impacts such as community dislocation and accessibility inequality are significant challenges. In addition, environmental impacts such as ecosystem damage and air pollution also need more attention. While this policy is effective in achieving economic objectives, post-construction toll road management and maintenance still need to be improved.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of gender bias found in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbooks at the Senior High School (SMA) level. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, grounded in a critical paradigm and gender perspective, this research found that gender representation in several teaching materials remains unequal. Gender bias in the textbooks is manifested through narratives that position men as dominant in the public sphere, while women are confined to domestic roles. The analyzed materials include topics such as pilgrimage requirements, covering the body and dressing, visiting graves, marriage guardians and witnesses, and family leadership. In these narratives, women are often portrayed as weak, in need of protection, or limited in their roles. This indicates that PAI textbooks continue to reproduce patriarchal values that may reinforce gender-based social inequalities in educational settings. The study recommends that teaching materials be revised to be more inclusive and aligned with gender equality principles as mandated by national education regulations. Thus, education can serve as a fair and equitable instrument for all students, regardless of gender. 

This study aims to examine the relevance of Islamic economic thought during the time of the Prophet Muhammad to contemporary economic challenges, such as wealth distribution inequality, ethical crisis, and free market dominance. With a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature study of classical and contemporary literature, the analysis is carried out based on the maqashid al-shariah framework. The results show that the basic principles of the Prophet's economy, such as the prohibition of usury, distribution justice, protection of property rights, and ethics-based market regulation, remain relevant and applicable in today's global context. Economic instruments such as zakat, infaq and waqf have proven effective as a means of wealth distribution and social security. In addition, maqashid al-shariah plays an important role as a paradigm in evaluating modern economic policies so that they remain oriented towards social justice and sustainability. The conclusion of this study confirms that the Prophet's economic thought is not only historical and normative, but also has practical and strategic value in formulating an alternative economic system that is more humane, ethical, and sustainable.

Gender-based violence against women and children is a serious problem in Indonesia that reflects the inequality of social structures and the weakness of legal implementation. This study aims to examine the extent to which the Indonesian legal system is able to provide fair, equal, and gender-responsive protection to victims of violence, as well as assess the challenges in its application. The type of research used is a normative-critical study with a Feminist Legal Theory approach. The results of the analysis show that although there are regulatory advances such as the TPKS Law and the Presidential Instruction on Gender Mainstreaming, their application is still biased, not victim-friendly, and lacks a gender perspective. In conclusion, the law in Indonesia has not fully guaranteed substantive justice for victims. Therefore, it is recommended that legal reforms based on victims' experiences, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, and strengthening victim service institutions to encourage inclusive and transformative justice.

This article aims to analyze the relevance and implementation of Islamic economic principles within the context of a contemporary economic system dominated by capitalist paradigms. The background of this research stems from the global reality marked by wealth distribution inequality, moral crises in business, and social injustices resulting from profit-oriented economic systems. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing scholarly works, official institutional reports, and academic studies related to Islamic economics and modern economic challenges. The findings indicate that Islamic economic principles such as social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and maysir (gambling) hold strong applicative value in addressing various contemporary economic issues. Concrete implementations of these principles can be observed in the development of Islamic financial systems, digital zakat (almsgiving), productive waqf (endowments), and increasingly innovative and technology-responsive Islamic banking services. The discussion also reveals that Islamic economics can serve as an ethical and sustainable alternative to capitalism and socialism, particularly in terms of distributive justice and economic stability. Despite facing challenges in literacy, regulation, and technological infrastructure, Islamic economics has significant growth potential through collaboration among academics, practitioners, and policymakers. The conclusion of this study affirms that Islamic economic principles can serve as a transformative solution for the global economic system if applied adaptively, innovatively, and inclusively.

This study aims to examine the concept of the Son of God in the Gospel of John 17:1–26 from a theological perspective. The Gospel of John, one of the canonical Gospels, distinctively emphasizes the divine identity of Jesus as the Son of God. In chapter 17, Jesus prays to His Father in heaven, affirming His unique relationship as the Son of God. The research method employed is biblical text analysis using an exegetical approach. Data were collected from prominent theological sources and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the concept of the Son of God in John 17:1–26 encompasses several important theological dimensions, including: first, His equality with God the Father in divinity; second, the uniqueness of His relationship with the Father as the beloved Son; and third, His role in God's plan of salvation for humanity. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of the Son of God in John 17:1–26 affirms the divine identity of Jesus and reveals His intimate relationship with God the Father. This concept has significant theological implications for the Christian understanding of the divinity of Jesus Christ.

The current global economic situation is facing various complex challenges, including climate change, economic inequality, and technological revolution. The Keynesian theory, which emphasizes the active role of government in stabilizing the economy, remains relevant for designing adaptive and sustainable economic policies. This article discusses the development of Keynesian theory in addressing future challenges, focusing on green investment, equitable redistribution policies, and strengthening technological innovation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative literature study with thematic analysis of national and international scientific sources. The findings indicate that the renewal of Keynesian theory should not only aim at maintaining short-term stability but also support long-term sustainability by emphasizing the synergy between fiscal policy, technological innovation, and social justice.

This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

This study aims to determine the values of gender equality in Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School (BP), the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in internalizing it, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with the main informants, namely PAI teachers, students, and principals. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results showed that Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School has attempted to implement gender equality values through policies that support equal rights and opportunities between male and female students, both in learning, leadership, and extracurricular activities. These values include justice, equality, and freedom of expression without gender restrictions. PAI teachers play an important role as educators and role models, conveying these values through teaching, social interaction and support for the school's inclusive policies. Supporting factors for the internalization of these values are the progressive school policies and the diversity of the teaching staff. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the immaturity of students' emotional intelligence.

This study discusses the contribution of zakat in improving the economic welfare of society through the perspective of Islamic business management. The persistence of social and economic inequality across various segments of society underscores the importance of optimizing zakat management. In Islamic thought, zakat is not only a spiritual obligation but also a means of wealth redistribution that can strengthen the economic structure of the ummah. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative approach, analyzing various relevant sources to formulate efficient zakat management strategies that align with Sharia principles. The analysis reveals that the application of Islamic management principles—such as planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling—plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat distribution, particularly in the form of productive zakat. Additionally, strengthening technological aspects, improving education for zakat managers (amil), collaborating with local institutions, and conducting intensive public outreach are complementary strategies relevant to the current context. The study concludes that professionally managed, integrated zakat administration based on Sharia values holds significant potential to serve as a sustainable driver for improving societal welfare.