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The debate on the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates is an important issue in the context of Indonesian democracy. Democracy emphasizes the principles of equality and participation, while meritocracy emphasizes competence and experience. Currently, the minimum age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia is 35 years old. Debates have arisen over the relevance of this age in the current political context, with arguments in favor of the role of younger generations bringing innovation versus the need for experience and wisdom. This study aims to re-evaluate the age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia from historical, constitutional and international comparative perspectives, and examine its impact on political dynamics and leadership quality. The research methodology involves literature analysis and recent case studies. The results are expected to contribute significantly to the discussion on the age limit for presidential candidates and its implications for democracy and meritocracy in Indonesia.

Democracy is a system of government based on popular sovereignty, while democratic education is the process of teaching people about democracy, including its concepts, principles, and applications. Every citizen, especially the youth, plays a crucial role in shaping the nation's future. However, the younger generation is often less involved in national political and economic affairs, leading to problems that affect society's quality of life. Government actions often fail to have a positive impact on the younger generation and do not prioritize their interests. Consequently, the younger generation fails to grasp the importance of their role in shaping the nation's future and solving the problems they face. The aim of this activity is to equip the younger generation with modern and peaceful education about democracy. Therefore, it is essential to strive for the role of the younger generation in realizing democracy and economic-political stability so that they can play a more active role and have a positive impact on society.

This study explores the intersection of Islamic education and democratic principles, focusing on their historical context and core tenets. Historically, Islamic education has emphasized knowledge, ethics, and community welfare, aligning with many democratic ideals such as equality and civic engagement. This research examines the compatibility between Islamic values and democratic principles, arguing that both systems advocate for justice, participation, and the common good. However, integrating these frameworks presents challenges, including criticisms regarding potential conflicts between religious doctrines and democratic freedoms. Despite these challenges, the benefits of harmonizing Islamic education with democracy are significant. Such integration can foster a more inclusive, ethically grounded civic society, enhancing mutual respect and cooperation. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on how educational practices rooted in Islamic teachings can enrich democratic processes, ultimately promoting a balanced approach to faith and civic responsibility.

The aim of this research is to understand the multi-party system in Indonesia, the political representation system in Indonesia, and the relationship between these systems with the political dynamics in Kelurahan Dompak, Tanjung Pinang. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. The results indicate that Indonesia's political system provides opportunities for various political parties to participate in the political process and elections. At the local level, the relationship between political parties, the community, and the government is crucial in the context of democracy. Although the dynamics of political money influence the public's perception of assistance provided by candidates, the principles of political equality and freedom remain the foundation of the political representation system aimed at forming a government that is responsive to the needs of the people.

Black campaigning has become an increasingly troubling issue in the modern political context, including in general elections. The Islamic view of this phenomenon confirms that such actions fall into the category of despicable behavior that must be avoided. In the study of fikih siyasah and Islamic religious teachings, black campaigns are considered to involve actions that are contrary to the moral and ethical principles taught by religion.  The practice of black campaigning can cause conflict, division, and distrust in the community towards the ruling government.  The use of sensitive issues such as SARA can also worsen the atmosphere and damage national unity. This research uses a literature study that aims to look at the Islamic view of black campaigns, as well as their impact on society and the democratic process.

Regarding the principle of democracy, it can be applied to the process of expanding the province, especially for large areas.  Especially for the Papua region, which from the time of independence until 2022. The division of the Papua Province into several provinces is a central government policy in order to accelerate the development of indigenous peoples in the Land of Papua. Papua Province, the easternmost region of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. On July 25, 2022, three laws were passed related to the establishment of a new province in Papua, namely Law Number 14 of 2022 concerning the Establishment of South Papua Province, Law Number 15 of 2022 concerning the Establishment of Central Papua Province, and Law Number 16 of 2022 concerning the Establishment of Papua Province Mountains. The ministries/institutions, the Papua Provincial Government and the entire community need to provide support for the running of the government in the three newly formed provinces for the realization of the welfare and progress of the people in the three provinces and the entire province of Papua.

Pancasila, as Indonesia's state ideology, has a crucial role in shaping the nation's character, especially in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era which is marked by technological progress and rapid social change. This article discusses the importance of Pancasila as the basis for character education amidst the dynamics of the digital era. The integration of Pancasila values, such as divinity, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice, in the educational curriculum can form individuals who are not only competent in technology, but also have strong morality and ethics. Through a holistic approach involving schools, families and communities, as well as the use of technology as a tool for character education, it is hoped that the younger generation can adapt to changing times without losing their identity and national values. Continuous evaluation and supervision is also needed to ensure the effectiveness of implementing Pancasila-based character education. This article concludes that character education based on Pancasila is the key to facing the challenges and opportunities that arise in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era with strong integrity and morality.

General elections (elections) are a benchmark for the success of democracy for countries that adhere to democratic principles such as Indonesia. The large number of hoax issues surrounding the election that are spread via social media are often considered cybercrime or cybercrime. Meanwhile, criminal law is currently developing discussions about Restorative Justice, which offers forms of settlement with the aim of fulfilling the wishes of the parties with a win-win solution. The legal issue analyzed in this research is how restorative justice policies apply in enforcing the law against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) related to elections on social media to see the possibility of using alternative dispute resolution for election violations, especially at the police level. The method used in this research is normative juridical, using literature study and a statutory and regulatory approach related to the legal issue being discussed. This research shows that the Restorative Justice Policy against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) taken by the Police is carried out to create a clean, healthy and productive Indonesian digital space so as not to give rise to diversity in investigative administration and differences in interpretations of investigators and irregularities must be carried out in a persuasive, educational manner. so that there is no suspicion of criminalization in the criminal act of spreading fake news (hoax) against the perpetrator or in other words the person being reported. 

The Recapitulation Information System, known as SIREKAP, launched by the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia, is an election tool based on the latest technology to receive and manage manual vote counting of general election results which are converted into digital data. The Recapitulation Information System (SIREKAP) is the starting point in the process of transitioning election administration from manual to digital, which will ensure that elections in Indonesia can be held effectively and efficiently in the future, so that elections and democracy will look better. Through SIREKAP, this long process can be shortened, costs can be reduced, disputes can be extended and resolved more quickly, and elections can be conducted in a more environmentally friendly manner. However, this has many challenges and risks that must be taken seriously. SIREKAP is also vulnerable to election data security problems due to system hacking or data manipulation which could endanger the integrity of election results, especially in the 2024 General Election for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates.

This research aims to explain the concept of progressivism in exhibition management in the Fine Arts Education study program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The type of research used is qualitative-explanatory research, which provides an explanation of why fine arts education study programs use progressivism as a concept in exhibition management. This research uses a qualitative-explanatory method with a library research approach, namely providing an explanation by identifying several relevant literature, then filtering it based on the relevance and quality of the literature found. As a library research, the primary research data is in the form of John Dewey's progressivist philosophical thoughts in his primary work "Democracy and Education". Secondary data is in the form of a literature study of John Dewey's progressivist thoughts written in e-journals. The researcher documented the thoughts of educational progressivism according to John Dewey and then presented them descriptively.

The aim of this research is to determine the status of the implementation of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and Trade Law Number 21 of 2019 in the implementation of commercial transportation for oil and gas export activities in Indonesia based on national values. This research was carried out using analyzes the contents of the 1945 Constitution and Minister of Trade Regulations. A review of relevant literature is included. The national values ​​contained in the 1945 Constitution are an important basis for implementing commercial transportation policies, especially in Indonesia's oil and gas export activities. National values ​​such as unity, sovereignty, justice, democracy and people's welfare are the basis for regulating and supervising these commercial activities. Minister of Trade Regulation Number 21 of 2019 also plays an important role in regulating the transportation of Indonesia's oil and gas export trade. This law contains provisions regarding permits, authorization and safety standards that must be complied with by economic actors in carrying out export activities. The enactment of this law aims to protect national interests, protect the environment, and ensure the safety of oil and gas trade and transportation. This research discusses the analysis of the implementation of the 1945 Constitution and the Minister of Trade Law no. 21 of 2019 which is based on national values ​​in the implementation of commercial transportation for oil and gas export activities in Indonesia. (This analysis includes a review of the policies, procedures and practices implemented in oil and gas export activities. The results of this research are expected to provide a better understanding of the importance of practices based on national values ​​in the implementation of commercial transportation, especially oil and gas export activities, in Indonesia. It is hoped that the implications of this research can become the basis for improving trade policies and practices that are more sustainable, safe, and prioritize national interests and human welfare.    

Implementation of the principles of the rule of law and Pancasila democracy in the context of protecting the rights of every human being in Indonesia. The values associated with Pancasila, in protecting one's rights, are very diverse. The first value of Pancasila, if it is related to the rights that every human being has, means affirming recognition of God the Creator. The second value is that humans have equal dignity and rights that must be respected by each other. The values of Pancasila must be put forward in order to unite the Indonesian nation, so that the Indonesian state becomes one united nation. The fourth principle, if related to the rights possessed by humans, emphasizes the importance of fair distribution of resources and opportunities, as well as being able to overcome all forms of injustice in society. Finally, the fifth principle is related to the rights possessed by every human being, meaning that the value of Pancasila places greater emphasis on the importance of democratic governance, by providing space for participation for citizens to be active in society.

The Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) has a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability of democracy and the validity of general election results. In the digital era, technology has an influential role in facilitating the process of socialization regarding election schedules and programs, and can increase people's knowledge, understanding and awareness of their rights and responsibilities in elections. In its use, it is hoped that it can simplify the work of election organizers and provide access to information, transparency and accountability to the public as part of professional and trustworthy public services. This supervisory function and task is very important to ensure that the election implementation process remains in accordance with the principles and principles of election administration. Supervision Model in the Digital Era in General Elections, in this case, public participation is mandatory at every stage of the election/general election. The problems and efforts in implementing general election supervision in the digital era are the role of the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in supervising elections and this is also inseparable from criticism from election participants and the general public. This condition was motivated by dissatisfaction with Bawaslu's performance in supervising the elections.

This research explores Gen Z's understanding of democratic practices in the 2024 Legislative Election, focusing on the Merdeka Student Exchange 4 program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The primary focus is identifying the high political awareness, active participation, and critical attitudes of participating students. The research methods include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and quantitative data analysis from structured surveys. Findings indicate that Gen Z holds a more pragmatic and critical view of the democratic process compared to previous generations, with particular attention to transparency and accountability. Participation in the exchange program significantly enhances students' understanding of political pluralism and tolerance. These findings are crucial for developing more effective and inclusive political education strategies, aimed at encouraging greater youth participation in the democratic process.

The era of digitalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in security management. The wider application of digital technology requires an adaptive and innovative security approach to deal with evolving threats. In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the implementation of national values in digital security management is very important. These values include unity, integrity, justice, democracy and diversity, which are the foundations of NKRI. This research aims to analyze the importance of security management in the digitalization era based on the NKRI's national values.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with a literature study approach and document analysis related to digital security policies in Indonesia. The analysis focused on how NKRI national values are implemented in security management strategies and practices to face digital security challenges. The results show that the integration of national values in digital security management plays an important role in strengthening national resilience in the digital space. The implementation of national values helps in building a digital security system that is not only technically robust, but also responsive to Indonesia's social and cultural dynamics. This includes the development of inclusive cybersecurity policies, digital security education for diverse communities, and strengthening collaboration between sectors to strengthen the national digital security ecosystem.

The Constitution is the fundamental foundation for the establishment and development of an independent state, reflecting the framework of a democratic and just political life. As an integral part of the constitutional system, the Constitutional Court (MK) plays a crucial role in safeguarding justice and democracy through its oversight and constitutional interpretation functions. The Constitutional Court in Indonesia functions as a guardian of the constitution, ensuring that all components of the state and society consistently implement the constitution. Indonesia's constitutional history shows significant dynamics of change, with the 1945 Constitution undergoing various amendments before finally being reaffirmed in the reform era. The establishment of the Constitutional Court in 2003 reflected the spirit of reform to guarantee human rights and the rights of citizens that had previously been neglected. With a special task in handling constitutional cases, the Constitutional Court aims to maintain government stability and overcome the problem of multiple interpretations of the constitution that occurred in the past.

Perception or point of view is a thought about something that is aimed at trusting opinions in terms of thoughts and views. In general and globally regarding objects related to various angles of the problem. Of course there will be many schools and considerations, one of which is that in this decade, various thoughts and points of view have emerged from students. Of course, where there is feedback on the nation's leadership milestones cannot be separated from the role and participation of students in responding to leadership. One of them was in the Joko Widodo era. Therefore, with the issues that arise, of course students must be wise in responding to the existence of a democracy-based leadership model, where democracy is a representation of the proclamation of the Indonesian nation. Various levels of society should also take part in providing responses. In generating a response, of course it is not only negative and existing shortcomings, but also how to generate good, correct and wise perceptions. With the expected output in the future, students can allocate and reflect on various aspects that will later be able to improve the nation and state in a clear, firm and straightforward manner.  

This research aims to find out how the existence of populist values in democracy in Indonesia and to understand the fact that Indonesian democracy is based on populist values embodied in the 4th precept of Pancasila. The 4th precept of Pancasila reads “Democracy led by wisdom in deliberation/representation” and contains populist values that underlie democracy in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative methods with literature studies, namely data collection techniques by examining books, journals, and other literary studies. The results of this study show that the existence of populist values in Indonesian democracy is reflected in the principles governing people's participation in decision-making and government behavior towards the people. This shows that Indonesian democracy is based on populist values that require the state to guarantee the participation of the people democratically through their representatives without discrimination.  

The act of falsifying documents in general elections is a serious violation of the basic principles of democracy and legal regulations governing the democratic process. In politics, document falsification not only impacts specific individuals or groups, but also substantially undermines the integrity and legitimacy of the democratic process as a whole. From a legal justice perspective, such actions violate the basic principles that should govern the integrity of elections, threatening the foundations of democracy itself. By using fake documents, individuals or groups can manipulate election results in unfair ways, leading to a reduction in public trust in democratic institutions. Moreover, such actions create doubts about the legitimacy and fairness of the election process, which is the main foundation of an effective democratic system. In the case mentioned, Dr. Sihabuddin Chalid, M.M., Pd. bin (late) Khalid Noor, deliberately created fake documents to become a candidate for DPRD members, which directly violated Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. Therefore, strict law enforcement is very important to prevent abuse of political power and maintain public trust in government institutions.

Political parties play a vital role in advocating for democracy and maintaining public trust in the political system. This study evaluates the role of political parties in the development of democracy from the perspective of constitutional law using a qualitative descriptive method. They are responsible for transparency, participation, and accountability in the political process, as well as formulating policies, raising political awareness, and representing the interests of the people. Political parties also support political pluralism, participate in elections, and oversee the government in accordance with the law. Despite their key role in building democracy, challenges such as unequal representation and lack of transparency still need to be addressed. This research provides insights into the contribution of political parties to strengthening democracy, while highlighting areas that require further attention to improve the quality of democracy in Indonesia.