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This paper explores the role of Green Sukuk in advancing sustainable development in Indonesia, with a focus on its alignment with Islamic law and the principles of maqashid al-shariah. The research aims to examine the impact of Green Sukuk as a financial instrument in supporting environmentally friendly projects such as renewable energy, waste management, and green transportation. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the legal, economic, and ethical dimensions of Green Sukuk, as well as its contributions to social justice and environmental sustainability. The findings reveal that Green Sukuk not only fulfills Islamic financial principles by being free from haram elements like riba, gharar, and maisir, but also serves as an instrument for equitable development by directing funds to sustainable projects that benefit society and the environment. However, the study identifies challenges such as limited private sector involvement, lack of in-depth project evaluation, and insufficient public awareness. The research suggests that future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of Green Sukuk projects on the ground, conduct international comparisons to identify best practices, and enhance the role of the private sector and public engagement in expanding the scope of Green Sukuk. Ultimately, this paper contributes to the growing discourse on Islamic finance and sustainability, demonstrating that Green Sukuk is not only a financial tool but also a medium for social and environmental responsibility in line with Islamic teachings.

This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.  

This study examines the protection of trade secrets in the framework of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by conducting a comparative study between Indonesia and Malaysia. Trade secrets are a form of intellectual property that has significant economic value for business actors but often receives inadequate attention compared to other forms of IPR. This research focuses on two main problems: first, the comparison of the legal framework for the protection of trade secrets in Indonesia and Malaysia in the context of Intellectual Property Rights; and second, the role of IPR-related institutions in both countries in providing protection for trade secrets. The research method used is normative legal research with a comparative approach and a statute approach. The data used are in the form of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations related to IPR in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of literature and scientific journals. The results of the study show that there are significant differences in the legal framework for the protection of trade secrets between Indonesia, which adopts  a civil law system  with special codification through Law No. 30 of 2000, and Malaysia, which applies a common law approach  with a combination of court precedents and statutory law. In addition, there are differences in the roles and functions of IPR-related institutions in the two countries in providing protection for trade secrets, especially in terms of registration, law enforcement, and dispute resolution. The study concludes that despite differences in approaches, both Indonesia and Malaysia recognize the importance of trade secret protection within the framework of IPR, with Malaysia tending to have a more comprehensive protection system based on common law practices. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that Indonesia can adopt some positive aspects of Malaysia's trade secrets protection system, especially in terms of harmonizing the role of relevant institutions and strengthening law enforcement mechanisms.

This study aims to analyze and compare the thanksgiving tradition of Gotilon in Batak society with the celebration of Erntedankfest in German culture. Both traditions are expressions of gratitude for the harvest and life’s blessings, yet they have developed within different cultural, social, and religious contexts. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a comparative-analytical approach. The findings reveal that Gotilon carries a strong religious dimension integrated with Batak customary practices, whereas Erntedankfest is more symbolic in modern German society, focusing on church services and social activities. This comparison highlights how values of gratitude are manifested through traditions shaped by cultural norms and societal development. This study is expected to enrich cross-cultural understanding and foster greater appreciation for both local and global heritage traditions.

The global environmental crisis demands a comprehensive approach, including from a religious perspective. Islam as a religion that is very holistic contains teachings about nature conservation which are unraveled in the Qur'an. However, the study of contemporary mufasir's views on environmental issues is still very limited, especially in the context of the thought of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab. This article also aims to examine how in the view of quraish shihab about the importance of environmental preservation in life. on the principles of environmental management reflected in his interpretation, as well as his contribution in providing solutions to problems in the current environment. In addition, this article will discuss a comparison of the approach of the interpretation of the Qur'an Shihab with other contemporary scholars, such as for example in the Tafsir of Al Azhar by Hamka. This study uses a qualitative method with a holistic thematic interpretation (maudhui) approach and a systematic approach to scientific interpretation. The results of the study show that Quraish Shihab views the environment as a mandate from Allah swt that we must maintain its sustainability with the principles of balance, sense of responsibility, and sustainability. His relevant thinking is to be used as the basis for Islamic environmental ethics that are applicable in the modern era. This finding also fills the literary gap in the study of contemporary interpretation by presenting ecological solutions based on the Qur'an.

This study discusses the comparison of taxation systems between developed and developing countries, focusing on the strategic role of taxes in national development, tax administration challenges, and the relationship between public service quality and taxpayer compliance. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, this research compares Sweden, a developed country known for its transparent and efficient tax system, with Indonesia, a developing country that still faces challenges in tax collection and administration. The findings reveal that the success of a tax system depends greatly on transparency, public service quality, and public trust. In developed countries, taxes serve not only as state revenue but also as tools for income redistribution and economic control. Meanwhile, in developing countries, the main obstacles include low compliance, legal uncertainty, weak enforcement, and underdeveloped administrative culture. Therefore, tax reform is essential to improve tax system effectiveness and public participation. This study recommends regulatory improvement, increased tax literacy, and service innovation to build a fair, transparent, and sustainable tax system.

Islam is a religion that requires trading, the Prophet is a good role model in teaching trading rules, in this research we examine the regulation of market mechanisms with the perception of hisbah using the review literature review method, and study the comparison of sharia and conventional trading objects in Indonesia, so as to create a fair trading system and healthy competition in the trading market.

The problem of this research is that passing is still not right on target, has not mastered the upper passing technique correctly, lack of mastery and control of the ball, so the problem in volleyball extracurricular is the lack of volleyball upper passing ability. The research method used in this study is the experimental research method. The design in this study uses Two Group Pretest Posttest. This Two Group Pretest Posttest only has measurement result data, namely pretest and posttest measurements. the results of the t value in the experimental group using a plastic ball are -19.312> 1.7613 and in the experimental group using a rubber ball are -18.862> 1.7613. From the results of the T test table, the comparison of the results of training using plastic balls and rubber balls is to see the average value (Mean) on the pretest results using a plastic ball, the average value is 15.33, the posttest using a plastic ball obtained an average value of 27.13 with a difference in increase of 11.8. While the average value (Mean) on the pretest results of the exercise using a rubber ball, the average value was 15.27, the posttest using a rubber ball obtained an average value of 27.73 with a difference of 12.46. Thus, it can be concluded that training using a rubber ball is more effective in improving upper passing skills compared to training using a plastic ball.

The rapid development of the digital economy has transformed the labor landscape with the emergence of a new type of employment contract known as platform contracts, which differ from conventional formal employment contracts. This phenomenon poses significant challenges regarding legal protection for workers, especially in ensuring basic rights and social justice in the digital era. This study aims to analyze the comparison of legal protection between workers bound by formal employment contracts and digital platform workers. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature review from various relevant primary and secondary sources. The results reveal that formal workers receive stronger and more comprehensive legal protection through existing labor regulations, whereas platform workers face legal status ambiguity, leading to minimal protection and risks of exploitation. This study emphasizes the importance of adaptive legal reforms to accommodate changes brought by the digital economy by expanding the definition of workers and providing equal legal protection for platform workers. In conclusion, regulatory updates and collaboration among various stakeholders are necessary to create a fair and sustainable work ecosystem in the digital era.

Fundamentally, every individual has two basic needs that must be fulfilled, namely physical and spiritual needs. One of the physical needs that has grown significantly in the digital era is the need for convenience in conducting financial transactions. This study aims to analyze the comparison of satisfaction levels among students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati toward the four largest e-wallets in Indonesia: Dana, Ovo, ShopeePay, and Gopay. The research employed a quantitative method with a sample size of 20 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. As consumers, students not only consider ease of use and low transaction fees, but also pay attention to service quality, security, and transaction speed. Therefore, e-wallet service providers are expected to continuously improve their service quality in order to meet users’ expectations and needs optimally.

The performance of data mining techniques has been proven accurate in many studies, but each method in data mining techniques has different accuracy depending on the type of data that is the object of research. Methods in data mining techniques are divided into several functions, namely: clustering, association, classification, and prediction, where each data mining technique objective has a superior method. Therefore, in this case the author will compare the performance of the multiple linear regression method, and neural networks with fuzzy mamdani in predicting the income of PLN Unit Takengon. In several studies, the Backpropagation method shows the highest accuracy compared to other methods. Then the prediction model with multiple linear regression also has the highest accuracy as well as the Fuzzy Mamdani method has high accuracy too. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the three methods, so that it can be determined which method has a higher accuracy value. The results of this study indicate that the Back propagation method has the highest accuracy and the lowest average error, namely a MAPE value of 5.9% with an accuracy of 94.1% and an RMSE of 14398.14, followed by the multiple linear regression method obtaining a MAPE value of 6.9% with an accuracy of 93.1% and an RMSE of 15527.41, then for Fuzzy Mamdani obtaining a MAPE value of 7% with an accuracy of 93% and an RMSE of 16077.76.

This study aims to determine whether or not the fifth Amendment of the 1945 Constitution as the written Constitution of the State of Indonesia which has become a mecca in formulating laws and regulations for more than the last twenty-five years is still able to meet the demands of the dynamics of the current administration or whether radical changes need to be made by changing the main mecca. Along with the current government and a few years ago. The executive and legislative parties even managed to form several legal products that were eventually criticized and rejected by the public. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the power in the field of legislation that must be given to the party whose authority it is. Based on the theory of limiting the President's power, he is the party that executes and implements the law. In Indonesia, the executive is involved in the process of forming legal products. Even the judiciary also acts as a legislator rather than a negative legislator. Efforts to maintain the position of independent commissions and emphasize regional elections so that we do not need to return to the old model. This research will discuss the ideas of change that should be urgent in the current Indonesian constitutional order, and be able to meet the needs of the future. The method used in this writing is Normative law. By conducting approaches to legislation, conceptual, historical approaches, comparisons and using qualitative analysis methods.

This study discusses the comparison of green economic policies implemented between Indonesia and Malaysia in supporting inclusive sustainable national development, which is examined normatively through a comparative study approach. Indonesia, through Law No. 30 of 2007 on Energy, Law No. 21 of 2014 on Geothermal Energy, and other regulations, has established a national green program encompassing environmental quality improvement, disaster resilience and climate change mitigation, low-carbon development, and renewable energy development as pillars of national development. Meanwhile, Malaysia's National Energy Policy 2022-2040 and other regulations stipulate that a green economy can be achieved through economic development, the utilization of sustainable energy resources, and environmental quality. Research findings indicate that Indonesia has not maximized the implementation of a green economy due to the ease of business permits granted to investors and limited regulations within specific scopes, while Malaysia has established more complex regulations regarding green investments, ensuring that permits are not issued arbitrarily.

The comparison of health law between Indonesia andMalaysia covers critical aspects of the healthcare system that influence the quality of life of their citizens. This study primarily focuses on occupational health and safety (OHS) for healthcare workers. According to global data, Malaysia has a better healthcare system compared to Indonesia, as reflected in its higher ranking on the Health Care Index. In Indonesia,health law regulations often undergo changes and revisions,such as the enactment of the Omnibus Law, which consolidates various health sector regulations. However, this has raised concerns about the diminishing legal protection for healthcare workers. In contrast, Malaysia presents a more structured system, with the integration of health and labor institutions through the Department of Occupational Safety And Health (DOSH), which ensures better workplace safety and clearer standards. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing legal documents such as Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health in Indonesia and the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Malaysia. The Malaysian approach is more preventive and promotive in nature, differing from Indonesia’s curative-dominated model. The study aims to compare the legal health regulations of both countries, assess their implementation effectiveness, and offer policy recommendations based on best practices applied inMalaysia to improve the quality of healthcare services inIndonesia. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has significant potential in the health sector, weak regulation implementation and supervision remain major obstacles. Therefore, a more structured and efficient regulatory reform is needed to enhance legal protection for healthcare workers and improve health services.

This study aims to compare the implementation of liquidation law for Limited Liability Companies (PT) by the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Indonesia, the regulation is governed by Law Number 40 of 2007 in conjunction with Law Number 11 of 2020, while in Malaysia, it is governed under the Companies Act 2016. Although both legal systems share the fundamental principle of protecting creditors and shareholders, their approaches differ significantly. Indonesia’s civil law system emphasizes procedural formalism, while Malaysia’s common law system focuses more on solvency and active creditor involvement. This comparative study finds that Malaysia's practices offer greater administrative efficiency and accountability, which could serve as a model for corporate law reform in Indonesia. The findings aim to support the development of more adaptive, transparent regulations aligned with good corporate governance principles.

Bankruptcy petitions in Indonesia are regulated under Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU), which stipulates that a debtor may be declared bankrupt if they have at least two debts, one of which is due and collectible. However, this provision does not specify a minimum debt threshold as a requirement for bankruptcy, thereby creating a legal loophole that creditors may exploit by using bankruptcy as a mere debt collection tool. This raises concerns regarding the legal protection of debtors. This study aims to compare the bankruptcy laws of Indonesia and Malaysia, particularly with regard to the minimum debt amount requirement, and to evaluate whether the conditions for bankruptcy under the Indonesian Bankruptcy Law and PKPU provide legal certainty and adequate protection for debtors. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that the current provisions in Indonesia are no longer aligned with present-day needs and are prone to abuse. Unlike Malaysia, which stipulates a minimum debt amount, Indonesia has yet to regulate this matter explicitly. Therefore, a reformulation of Indonesia's bankruptcy law is necessary to ensure fairness, prevent misuse, and provide balanced legal protection for all parties, especially debtors.

The cage has an important role in successful production because a comfortable cage will produce maximum productivity. The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of the productivity of laying hens in the Open House system and the Closed House system at Adam Farm. The method used in this research was to collect data by observing recording data obtained from the two cage systems at Adam Farm. The method used is a descriptive method, then a t test is carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 at Adam Farm Magetan, East Java. The results obtained in this research are the average value of feed intake for maintenance with an open system of 119.98 gr/head, while for maintenance with a closed system it is 131.10 gr/head, the average value -The average feed conversion ratio for maintenance with an open system is 2.92 kg, while for maintenance with a closed system it is 2.37 kg, the average value of hen day production for maintenance with an open system. Amounted to 67.68% while with closed system maintenance  it was 84.12%, and the average mortality value for maintenance with an open system was 5 animals while with maintenance with a closed system amounting to 9 heads. The conclusion from this research is that maintenance with a closed system produces better productivity than an open maintenance.

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

This study analyzes Indonesia’s immigration policy reforms in response to global and ASEAN migration dynamics. The reforms emphasize a human rights-based approach, digital services like e-Visa and M-Paspor, and bureaucratic modernization. Despite progress, challenges remain in implementation, institutional overlap, and limited protection for vulnerable groups such as refugees and undocumented migrants. Comparisons with other ASEAN countries reveal varied approaches, positioning Indonesia to lead regional migration policy harmonization through its strategic role and commitment to human right.  

This study aims to analyze the comparison of features and data integration between two mobile banking applications by Bank Syariah Indonesia, namely BSI Mobile and BYOND by BSI, in enhancing banking transaction convenience. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative through a literature review from various relevant sources. The results show that BYOND by BSI adopts a more modern data integration system using microservices architecture and open APIs, thus providing better transaction convenience and security compared to BSI Mobile, which still relies on a centralized system. Innovative features such as biometric authentication, QRIS, and a more intuitive user interface further enhance the digital banking experience for customers. However, BYOND by BSI still faces performance challenges, particularly in transaction speed, as the application experiences delays (lag) in several features that may reduce user comfort. The study concludes that BYOND by BSI is superior in facilitating banking transactions compared to BSI Mobile. It is recommended that future research be conducted using a quantitative approach to directly evaluate user experience in a more comprehensive manner.