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This study aims to analyze the application of collaborative learning models in the digital era based on a literature review of 15 related journals. Collaborative learning, which involves social interaction between learners and utilization of digital technology, has great potential in improving student engagement, concept understanding, and 21st century skills. The analysis shows that technology-based collaborative learning, such as the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), online platforms and other collaborative applications, is effective in improving learning quality. However, the implementation of this model also faces challenges related to technology access, digital literacy, and online learning management. In conclusion, collaborative learning model in the digital era can enrich learners' learning experience, provided it is supported by adequate infrastructure and training for educators. Technology-based collaborative learning has the potential to be a solution to create a more inclusive, interactive and competency-based education in the future.

This study aims to determine whether interactive learning media based on Kahoot can increase students' interest in learning. Kahoot is a single media application that can be used in online learning that contains quizzes and games. Interactive learning media such as Kahoot can be used in teaching and learning activities such as holding pretests, practicing questions, reinforcing materials, remedial, and others. The purpose of this study is to determine students' understanding by applying Kahoot as an effective learning medium. This study uses a qualitative method design using a location setting, namely Al Jamiatu Dalatul Jannah High School. Data collection techniques in this study are using observation and interviews

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has opened new opportunities in education, particularly in digital-based learning. This study focuses on designing and developing an e-learning platform for Informatics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Rao Selatan using Google Sites as a medium for online learning. The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The Define stage includes a needs analysis to identify requirements for online learning. The Design stage organizes e-learning content based on curriculum and standards. The Develop stage involves creating and testing the platform, while the Disseminate stage includes trials and evaluations of its effectiveness. Results show that the Google Sites-based e-learning platform enables flexible and interactive access to Informatics learning materials and assignments. It also provides an efficient tool for teachers to manage materials without requiring advanced technical skills. Positive feedback from trials highlights the platform's ease of access, interactivity, and support in enhancing material comprehension. Validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests scored 0.90, 0.95, and 0.80, respectively, indicating high reliability. These findings offer a reference for developing e-learning in other subjects and present a practical solution for distance learning in the digital era.

Digital technology has had a big impact on the world of education today. Some of the positive and negative impacts of digital technology on education are: 1) Making it easier to find information. Digital technology allows students and teachers to access information and educational resources more easily and quickly. 2) Increase creativity. Digital technology allows students to develop their own potential and find out how to develop that potential. 3) Global collaboration, Students can collaborate with other students around the world via online platforms, so they can bring a global perspective to their learning. 4) Efficiency. Digital technology allows teachers to provide services without having to deal directly with students, thereby increasing efficiency in the learning process. Negative impacts: 1) Digital divide, The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the digital divide that exists in access to technology among students. Many students do not have access to the devices and internet necessary for distance learning. 2) Lack of focus. The amount of interesting information through digital technology makes students less focused on learning. 3) Education without character. Students prefer to explore cyberspace with various interesting information presented, so they pay less attention to the character and values ​​taught at school. 4) Spread of pornography: Technological advances also have negative impacts such as the spread of pornography among students which will damage the morals of the current generation of teenagers.

Islamic education has a broad scope that includes intellectual, emotional, and spiritual aspects, with the aim of forming individuals who are faithful, pious, and have noble character. One organization that consistently integrates Islamic values in education is Muhammadiyah. Since its establishment in 1912, Muhammadiyah has developed an education system that combines religious and general knowledge, focusing on character building, morals, and intellectual intelligence. In facing the digital era, Muhammadiyah adopts modern technology through online learning, innovation programs such as Edutabmu, and digital training for teachers. A curriculum that integrates Islamic values with technology-based learning supports the creation of a young generation that is smart, characterized, and responsive to the challenges of the times. The success of Muhammadiyah character education is reflected in the formation of individuals with high integrity, have noble personalities, and are able to contribute positively to society..

As online platforms become more widely accessible, English learners have greater opportunities to practice speaking with foreign interlocutors, though many remain hesitant due to a lack of confidence in their speaking abilities. This study examines the perceptions of 107 first-semester English learners at a private university who were assigned to use SCMC platforms like Free4Talk, InterPals, and HelloTalk to engage in English conversations with foreign interlocutors. The aim was to understand how these platforms supported speaking practice and identify any challenges faced. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. The results revealed that 78% of students had positive perceptions, indicating that the platforms facilitated their English-speaking practice through real-time communication. However, they also reported technical issues, such as poor internet connectivity, and challenges with engagement, including difficulty finding consistent conversation partners. The study recommends further research into long-term language learner experiences and an exploration of platform features that could enhance English-speaking practice.

The This study aims to explore the implementation of online learning of Teaching Skills and Microteaching courses, focusing on three main aspects: preparation, implementation, and evaluation of learning. This study also considers the challenges that arise due to student involvement in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program, which often affects the consistency of their participation in regular learning. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design. The results showed that online learning was quite effective in conveying teaching skills theory through digital materials and asynchronous activities. However, teaching practice simulations faced several limitations, such as the difficulty of observing non-verbal elements, classroom management, and spontaneous responses of students during online simulations. Technical constraints, especially unstable internet connections, were also major obstacles in implementing learning. In addition, students involved in MBKM reported difficulties in dividing time between program assignments and regular course preparation, which impacted their participation and engagement.

The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped communication practices in online learning, particularly in language education. Emojis, as a visual symbol widely used in digital interactions, have the potential to enrich emotional expression and participation, but their role in educational contexts remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate how emojis influence students’ emotional expression, engagement, and digital literacy in online language classrooms. To achieve this, a qualitative observational design was employed, focusing on university students participating in online language courses. Data were collected from authentic digital interactions, including chat messages, discussion forums, and collaborative platforms, and were analyzed through content analysis to identify the communicative and pedagogical functions of emojis. The findings indicate that emojis help clarify emotional expression, support comprehension of messages, and encourage active student participation in online discussions. These results demonstrate that emojis not only serve as supplementary tools for digital communication but also contribute to creating a more engaging and supportive learning environment. Synthesizing the main ideas, this study extends the understanding of digital communication theory by highlighting the pedagogical value of emojis beyond their informal use on social media. In conclusion, emojis play a crucial role in strengthening interaction, fostering emotional presence, and enhancing learning outcomes in online language education. The study recommends integrating emojis into digital teaching practices while encouraging further research on cultural variation, learner levels, and diverse digital platforms to maximize their educational potential.

This study explores the impact of AI-generated writing prompts on students' creativity, autonomy, and writing skills in online language learning environments. Writer's block is a common issue in online education, affecting students’ ability to produce coherent and engaging written work. AI-generated prompts, such as those provided by GPT-4, are proposed as a tool to stimulate creativity and support autonomous learning. The study employs a quasi-experimental design involving [insert number] students, using pre- and post-test writing samples, surveys, and classroom observations to measure improvements in creativity, participation, and writing quality. The main findings show that students who used AI-generated prompts demonstrated significant improvements in writing quality, creativity, and engagement compared to those using traditional writing methods. The study concludes that AI prompts offer an effective method for enhancing students’ writing skills and fostering creativity in online language learning, but a balanced integration with traditional teaching methods is essential. Recommendations for educators include incorporating AI tools into writing instruction to promote creativity and support student autonomy. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of AI prompts and their application in diverse educational contexts.

In understanding foreign language texts, there are several challenges faced by young learners. The transformation of the learning system into online increasingly adds new problems for them. Students' motivation in online learning is relatively low, while the acquisition of foreign language reading comprehension demands great motivation (Fareh, 2010). Authentic text can be a solution to this problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to test its effectiveness in improving young students' reading comprehension in online classes and to examine their perceptions of teaching reading comprehension using authentic texts in online classes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. The data generated is quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes and reading interest questionnaires. The results showed that the use of authentic texts was proven to be effective in resolving new conflicts that arose in the online foreign language reading comprehension class. In addition, students' perceptions of the use of authentic texts are also good. However, the role of teachers and students is needed in its implementation

The rapid growth of online English learning platforms has introduced new opportunities for language acquisition, yet maintaining student engagement and motivation remains a persistent challenge. Many learners experience reduced participation and limited knowledge retention in digital settings compared to traditional classroom environments. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates the effectiveness of gamified quizzes as a pedagogical strategy to enhance engagement, motivation, and retention among online English learners. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups: a control group that used a standard online platform and a treatment group that engaged with gamified quizzes incorporating points, badges, and leaderboards. Data on engagement were collected through participation frequency and time spent, while motivation was measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and retention was assessed through follow-up tests. Statistical analyses using independent-sample t-tests and ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group demonstrated higher engagement, stronger motivation, and improved retention outcomes compared to the control group. These results, supported by both tabular and graphical representations, highlight the pedagogical value of gamification in addressing motivational challenges and fostering meaningful learning. The study concludes that gamified quizzes serve not only as motivational tools but also as effective mechanisms to strengthen long-term knowledge retention in online English education. Implications for practice suggest that educators and digital learning designers should integrate gamification elements as a central feature of online platforms to optimize learner outcomes.

This study examines the effectiveness of hybrid learning for RPL (Recognition of Prior Learning) students at Panca Marga University. Hybrid learning, which combines face-to-face and online instruction, addresses scheduling challenges faced by working students. Using a quantitative approach and survey methods, the study evaluates the impact of hybrid learning on learning flexibility, engagement, and academic outcomes. Results show that hybrid learning enhances flexibility, allows students to balance work and study, and improves learning outcomes by 15% compared to conventional methods. However, challenges such as internet dependence and digital fatigue remain significant. The study highlights the need for technological infrastructure and faculty training to optimize hybrid learning implementation.  

Learning planning in Christian religious education has a significant role in shaping student character based on Christian values. Christian religious education teachers provide guidance for students in understanding the values ​​of faith such as love, justice, humility, forgiveness, and service to others, apart from just being teachers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by carrying out a literature review to find the role played by Christian religious education teachers in developing the learning process. From the research results, it was revealed that effective learning planning is able to provide support for students in understanding and applying religious values ​​in their daily activities. However, teachers face several challenges, such as limited resources, lack of adequate training, resistance to change, and difficulties in implementing online learning. Improving teacher skills, utilizing technology, creating relevant modules, and collaboration between schools are key elements in the proposed solution. By applying the latest appropriate strategies, Christian religious education teachers can create effective learning experiences to guide a generation with good morals in accordance with Christian principles and ready to face the dynamics of ever-changing times.

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) has a strategic role in building democratic character among the younger generation as an important capital in the life of society, nation and state. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of PPKn education in schools can be an effective means of internalizing democratic values, such as tolerance, justice, respect for human rights, and deliberation. Civics learning requires good preparation, especially through preparing material that not only provides knowledge but is also able to bring about changes in the character of students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, which includes critical analysis of various sources, such as national and international journal articles, books, e-books, dissertations, theses, as well as print and online media which can provide a comprehensive picture of the role of PPKn in form students' democratic character. The research results show that PPKn education based on Pancasila values ​​has proven to be effective in developing individuals who have strong character and are able to face the challenges of the era of globalization. By combining the values ​​of Pancasila and democratic principles, this education plays a role in forming a highly civilized, competitive and globally superior nation.

In the era of globalisation and rapid technological development, developing the competencies of teachers and education staff is key to improving the quality of education. This article discusses various strategies for competency development in education human resource management (HRM), with a focus on teachers and education staff. Adopting an evidence-based approach identifies effective methods for training and professional development, including the utilisation of technology, online courses, and experiential learning. In addition, it explores the critical role of constructive feedback and continuous evaluation in the competency development process. The research underscores the importance of integration between HRM theory and daily educational practice to achieve optimal results. The results of this article are expected to provide practical guidance for educational institutions in designing effective development programmes to improve teacher and staff performance and advance the education system as a whole.

Learning media is one of the learning tools that greatly influences students in the learning process and this research aims to find out students' responses regarding the learning media used in learning and to find out the use of geographic media in Samarinda City State High School. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are indirect and direct communication. The data collection tools used were questionnaire sheets which were distributed and filled out online, conducting interviews with educators directly or face to face, and researchers conducting observations at 3 schools, namely SMAN 3, SMAN 8 and SMAN 12 in the city of Samarinda. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of this research, it shows that students' responses to geography learning media obtained from 3 schools, namely SMAN 3 Samarinda with a total of 72 students, obtained an average percentage score of 83.48% with very good criteria, SMAN 8 Samarinda with a total of 83.48% of students. 69 people got an average percentage score of 77.84% with very good criteria and SMAN 12 Samarinda with a total of 70 students got an average percentage score 76.80% with very good criteria. From the results of this research, it can be seen that SMAN 3 Samarinda received the highest percentage score compared to SMAN 8 and SMAN 12 Samarinda. Utilization of geographic media from the results obtained from 3 schools, namely SMAN 3 Samarinda using LCD projector, PowerPoint, ClassPoint applications, maps, atlas and YouTube. SMAN 8 Samarinda LCD projector, PowerPoint, Google Classroom application, Google Earth application, Google Maps application, and YouTube. Meanwhile, SMAN 12 Samarinda uses LCD projector, PowerPoint, YouTube, maps, globe and quizizz applications. Using learning media in schools is very useful for students to understand and improve the geography learning process. (From the results obtained by student responses based on percentages via the percentage table, the average student response has good and very good criteria).

One of the essential aspects of internet browsing is the existence of web browsers, software that enables users to access various websites and online resources. The objective of this study is to understand users' behavioral patterns when engaging in internet browsing activities across different digital platforms and to identify the positive and negative impacts of internet browsing on users' productivity and well-being in daily life. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method. The findings indicate that internet browsing has a significant impact on users' productivity and well-being, both positively and negatively. On the positive side, browsing can enhance work efficiency, support learning, and provide entertainment that helps reduce stress.

The implementation of this learning aims to be able to implement the Blended Learning learning model through interactive learning multimedia in improving the understanding of the concept of Harmony in Ecosystem material for fifth grade students of UPTD SD Negeri Bluru. The purpose of blended learning is to increase flexibility, optimize time and increase interaction. To obtain accurate results, the implementation procedure is carried out using an experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The implementation of learning is carried out by integrating two types of online and face-to-face learning based on interactive learning multimedia which is expected to create a more meaningful learning experience and improve students' understanding of ecosystem concepts. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' understanding of concepts after participating in blended-learning learning. In addition, students also showed a higher interest in learning and were more active in participating in learning activities. Blended learning will continue to be improved and updated so that it can be used in other subjects with relevant material. In this case, there needs to be reflection, evaluation and follow-up systematically and comprehensively.

Online learning has become an essential component of modern education; however, conventional online learning platforms often rely on two-dimensional interfaces that limit user engagement, interaction, and immersion. These limitations reduce learning motivation and hinder the creation of an effective learning experience, particularly for activities that require active participation. To address these challenges, this research focuses on the design of User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) for online learning implemented in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The objective of this study is to develop a user-centered VR-based online learning interface that enhances interaction, usability, and learning comfort. This research applies the Design Thinking methodology, which consists of five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. User needs and usability issues were identified through observations and interviews, followed by interface design and prototype development of a VR learning environment featuring chat rooms, whiteboards, slide presentations, and virtual representations of teachers and students. Usability evaluation was conducted using the Maze platform to measure user success rates in completing predefined tasks. The results show that 80% of users completed tasks through the expected interaction paths, exceeding the minimum usability threshold of 70%, while 20% of users failed to complete the tasks, indicating areas for improvement. These findings demonstrate that the proposed UI/UX design effectively supports user interaction and usability in a VR-based learning environment. In conclusion, this study confirms that integrating Design Thinking into the UI/UX design process contributes to the development of effective and user-centered VR-based online learning systems, while also highlighting the importance of usability evaluation for refining immersive educational interfaces.

In madrasahs, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in character building for students. However, as digital technology advances, innovative methods of learning systems are needed to enhance character education. Using bibliometric research methods, this study aims to discover and analyze innovations in the PAI learning system methods in the digital era. This study summarizes various methods and techniques that can help cultivate Islamic character in madrasahs by using appropriate digital technology. The results show that the integration of technology in PAI learning, such as online methods, educational social media, and character-based learning applications, is highly likely to support the character formation of students in madrasahs to create students with noble character.